Galanin protects against nerve injury after shear stress in primary cultured rat cortical neurons
The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR) are found to be up-regulated in brains suffering from nerve injury, but the specific role played by galanin remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultur...
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| creator | Liu, Meili Song, Wei Li, Ping Huang, Yan Gong, Xianghui Zhou, Gang Jia, Xiaoling Zheng, Lisha Fan, Yubo |
| description | The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR) are found to be up-regulated in brains suffering from nerve injury, but the specific role played by galanin remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death and viability were found after galanin treatment when subjected to a shear stress of 5 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, after increasing magnitude of shear stress to 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, cell death was significantly increased, while galanin can inhibit the nerve injury induced by shear stress with 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h. Moreover, Gal2-11 (an agonist of GalR2/3) could also effectively inhibit shear stress-induced nerve injury of primary cultured cortical neurons in rats. Although GalR2 is involved in the galanin protection mechanism, there was no GalR3 expression in this system. Moreover, galanin increased the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which can effectively inhibit the physiological effects of shear stress. Galanin was also found to inhibit the activation of p53 and Bax, and further reversed the down regulation of Bcl-2 induced by shear stress. Our results strongly demonstrated that galanin plays a neuroprotective role in injured cortical neurons of rats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0063473 |
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This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death and viability were found after galanin treatment when subjected to a shear stress of 5 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, after increasing magnitude of shear stress to 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, cell death was significantly increased, while galanin can inhibit the nerve injury induced by shear stress with 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h. Moreover, Gal2-11 (an agonist of GalR2/3) could also effectively inhibit shear stress-induced nerve injury of primary cultured cortical neurons in rats. Although GalR2 is involved in the galanin protection mechanism, there was no GalR3 expression in this system. Moreover, galanin increased the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which can effectively inhibit the physiological effects of shear stress. Galanin was also found to inhibit the activation of p53 and Bax, and further reversed the down regulation of Bcl-2 induced by shear stress. Our results strongly demonstrated that galanin plays a neuroprotective role in injured cortical neurons of rats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063473</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23691051</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Bax protein ; Bcl-2 protein ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism ; Biology ; Biomechanics ; Brain ; Cell death ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex - pathology ; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology ; Cranial Nerve Injuries - metabolism ; Cranial Nerve Injuries - pathology ; Cranial Nerve Injuries - physiopathology ; Cranial Nerve Injuries - prevention & control ; Disease ; Education ; Engineering ; Excitatory postsynaptic potentials ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects ; Galanin ; Galanin - pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Injuries ; Laboratories ; Medicine ; Nervous system ; Neurons ; Neurons - drug effects ; Neurons - pathology ; Neuropeptides ; Neuroprotection ; Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology ; p53 Protein ; Physiological effects ; Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors ; Receptors, Galanin - genetics ; Rodents ; Science ; Shear Strength ; Shear stress ; Shear stresses ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Stress, Mechanical ; Traumatic brain injury ; Tumor proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism ; Viability</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-05, Vol.8 (5), p.e63473</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Liu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Liu et al 2013 Liu et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-1fee591d9d7c9e3b8e1b4ac48321f62e2832916e7ab3b093e6e054fff675ca923</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-1fee591d9d7c9e3b8e1b4ac48321f62e2832916e7ab3b093e6e054fff675ca923</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653936/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3653936/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,862,883,2098,2917,23853,27911,27912,53778,53780,79355,79356</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691051$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Strack, Stefan</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liu, Meili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Xianghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Xiaoling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Lisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Yubo</creatorcontrib><title>Galanin protects against nerve injury after shear stress in primary cultured rat cortical neurons</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR) are found to be up-regulated in brains suffering from nerve injury, but the specific role played by galanin remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death and viability were found after galanin treatment when subjected to a shear stress of 5 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, after increasing magnitude of shear stress to 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, cell death was significantly increased, while galanin can inhibit the nerve injury induced by shear stress with 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h. Moreover, Gal2-11 (an agonist of GalR2/3) could also effectively inhibit shear stress-induced nerve injury of primary cultured cortical neurons in rats. Although GalR2 is involved in the galanin protection mechanism, there was no GalR3 expression in this system. Moreover, galanin increased the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which can effectively inhibit the physiological effects of shear stress. Galanin was also found to inhibit the activation of p53 and Bax, and further reversed the down regulation of Bcl-2 induced by shear stress. Our results strongly demonstrated that galanin plays a neuroprotective role in injured cortical neurons of rats.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Bax protein</subject><subject>Bcl-2 protein</subject><subject>bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cranial Nerve Injuries - metabolism</subject><subject>Cranial Nerve Injuries - pathology</subject><subject>Cranial Nerve Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cranial Nerve Injuries - prevention & control</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Excitatory postsynaptic potentials</subject><subject>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects</subject><subject>Galanin</subject><subject>Galanin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurons - drug effects</subject><subject>Neurons - pathology</subject><subject>Neuropeptides</subject><subject>Neuroprotection</subject><subject>Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>p53 Protein</subject><subject>Physiological effects</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Receptors, Galanin - genetics</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Shear Strength</subject><subject>Shear stress</subject><subject>Shear stresses</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Traumatic brain injury</subject><subject>Tumor proteins</subject><subject>Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism</subject><subject>Viability</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl9r2zAUxc1YWbtu32BshsFgD8kky5atl0EpWxsoFPbvVdxIV4mCI2WSXLZvP6VxSwwbDIMtpN85Or6conhFyZyyln7Y-CE46Oc773BOCGd1y54UZ1SwasYrwp4erU-L5zFuCGlYx_mz4rRiXFDS0LMCrqAHZ125Cz6hSrGEFVgXU-kw3GFp3WYIv0swCUMZ1wj5nQLGWN5r7BbyqRr6NATUZYBUKh-SVdBngyF4F18UJwb6iC_H73nx_fOnb5fXs5vbq8Xlxc1McVGlGTWIjaBa6FYJZMsO6bIGVXesooZXWOWFoBxbWLIlEQw5kqY2xvC2USAqdl68Ofjueh_lOJ0oKWsoq_Pv8kwsDoT2sJFjeOnByvsNH1YS9tl7lI3OIWrdEgGsBqNBdKhrzUUHTAm19_o43jYst6gVuhSgn5hOT5xdy5W_k4w3TLC9wdvRIPifA8b0j8gjtYKcyjrjs5na2qjkRd12VdvSusnU_C9UfjRurcr9MDbvTwTvJ4LMJPyVVjDEKBdfv_w_e_tjyr47YnNb-rSOvh-SzUWYgvUBVMHHGNA8To4Sua_3wzTkvt5yrHeWvT6e-qPooc_sDzhh91s</recordid><startdate>20130514</startdate><enddate>20130514</enddate><creator>Liu, Meili</creator><creator>Song, Wei</creator><creator>Li, Ping</creator><creator>Huang, Yan</creator><creator>Gong, Xianghui</creator><creator>Zhou, Gang</creator><creator>Jia, Xiaoling</creator><creator>Zheng, Lisha</creator><creator>Fan, Yubo</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130514</creationdate><title>Galanin protects against nerve injury after shear stress in primary cultured rat cortical neurons</title><author>Liu, Meili ; Song, Wei ; Li, Ping ; Huang, Yan ; Gong, Xianghui ; Zhou, Gang ; Jia, Xiaoling ; Zheng, Lisha ; Fan, Yubo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-1fee591d9d7c9e3b8e1b4ac48321f62e2832916e7ab3b093e6e054fff675ca923</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Bax protein</topic><topic>Bcl-2 protein</topic><topic>bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biomechanics</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cranial Nerve Injuries - metabolism</topic><topic>Cranial Nerve Injuries - pathology</topic><topic>Cranial Nerve Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cranial Nerve Injuries - prevention & control</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Excitatory postsynaptic potentials</topic><topic>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects</topic><topic>Galanin</topic><topic>Galanin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>Neurons - drug effects</topic><topic>Neurons - 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This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death and viability were found after galanin treatment when subjected to a shear stress of 5 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, after increasing magnitude of shear stress to 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h, cell death was significantly increased, while galanin can inhibit the nerve injury induced by shear stress with 10 dyn/cm(2) for 12 h. Moreover, Gal2-11 (an agonist of GalR2/3) could also effectively inhibit shear stress-induced nerve injury of primary cultured cortical neurons in rats. Although GalR2 is involved in the galanin protection mechanism, there was no GalR3 expression in this system. Moreover, galanin increased the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which can effectively inhibit the physiological effects of shear stress. Galanin was also found to inhibit the activation of p53 and Bax, and further reversed the down regulation of Bcl-2 induced by shear stress. Our results strongly demonstrated that galanin plays a neuroprotective role in injured cortical neurons of rats.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23691051</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0063473</doi><tpages>e63473</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-05, Vol.8 (5), p.e63473 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1351346916 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Bax protein Bcl-2 protein bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism Biology Biomechanics Brain Cell death Cells, Cultured Cerebral Cortex - pathology Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology Cranial Nerve Injuries - metabolism Cranial Nerve Injuries - pathology Cranial Nerve Injuries - physiopathology Cranial Nerve Injuries - prevention & control Disease Education Engineering Excitatory postsynaptic potentials Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects Galanin Galanin - pharmacology Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Injuries Laboratories Medicine Nervous system Neurons Neurons - drug effects Neurons - pathology Neuropeptides Neuroprotection Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology p53 Protein Physiological effects Proteins Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism Rats Receptors Receptors, Galanin - genetics Rodents Science Shear Strength Shear stress Shear stresses Signal Transduction - drug effects Stress, Mechanical Traumatic brain injury Tumor proteins Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism Viability |
| title | Galanin protects against nerve injury after shear stress in primary cultured rat cortical neurons |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-15T22%3A15%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Galanin%20protects%20against%20nerve%20injury%20after%20shear%20stress%20in%20primary%20cultured%20rat%20cortical%20neurons&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Liu,%20Meili&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e63473&rft.pages=e63473-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063473&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478277145%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1351346916&rft_id=info:pmid/23691051&rft_galeid=A478277145&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_5dc9e4d709a34afda98ed4d698a3c9c6&rfr_iscdi=true |