Estimating the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions
The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in a population can be estimated by comparing the zinc content of the food supply with the population's theoretical requirement for zinc. However, assumptions regarding the nutrient composition of foods, zinc requirements, and zinc absorption may affect...
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| description | The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in a population can be estimated by comparing the zinc content of the food supply with the population's theoretical requirement for zinc. However, assumptions regarding the nutrient composition of foods, zinc requirements, and zinc absorption may affect prevalence estimates. These analyses were conducted to: (1) evaluate the effect of varying methodological assumptions on country-specific estimates of the prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy and (2) generate a model considered to provide the best estimates.
National food balance data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Zinc and phytate contents of these foods were estimated from three nutrient composition databases. Zinc absorption was predicted using a mathematical model (Miller equation). Theoretical mean daily per capita physiological and dietary requirements for zinc were calculated using recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine and the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. The estimated global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake varied between 12-66%, depending on which methodological assumptions were applied. However, country-specific rank order of the estimated prevalence of inadequate intake was conserved across all models (r = 0.57-0.99, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0050565 |
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National food balance data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Zinc and phytate contents of these foods were estimated from three nutrient composition databases. Zinc absorption was predicted using a mathematical model (Miller equation). Theoretical mean daily per capita physiological and dietary requirements for zinc were calculated using recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine and the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. The estimated global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake varied between 12-66%, depending on which methodological assumptions were applied. However, country-specific rank order of the estimated prevalence of inadequate intake was conserved across all models (r = 0.57-0.99, P<0.01). A "best-estimate" model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from a composite nutrient database and IZiNCG physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, estimated the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake to be 17.3%.
Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in this method, caution must be taken in the interpretation of the estimated prevalence figures. However, the results of all models indicate that inadequate zinc intake may be fairly common globally. Inferences regarding the relative likelihood of zinc deficiency as a public health problem in different countries can be drawn based on the country-specific rank order of estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050565</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23209781</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Agricultural associations ; Agriculture ; Analysis ; Balance sheets ; Bioavailability ; Biology ; Commodities ; Databases, Factual ; Diet ; Estimates ; Food ; Food composition ; Food intake ; Food supply ; Humans ; Malnutrition - epidemiology ; Mathematical models ; Medicine ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutrient requirements ; Nutrients ; Nutrition ; Nutrition research ; Nutritional Requirements ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Phytic Acid - analysis ; Population ; Preschool children ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Rankings ; Zinc ; Zinc (Nutrient) ; Zinc - analysis ; Zinc - deficiency</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-11, Vol.7 (11), p.e50565-e50565</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Wessells et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2012 Wessells et al 2012 Wessells et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ed5585a6b9c78e0ae2cf8637f727507826ed51cdcc557655fc30534587b9dc7d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ed5585a6b9c78e0ae2cf8637f727507826ed51cdcc557655fc30534587b9dc7d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510064/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510064/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2104,2930,23873,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209781$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wessells, K Ryan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Gitanjali M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Kenneth H</creatorcontrib><title>Estimating the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in a population can be estimated by comparing the zinc content of the food supply with the population's theoretical requirement for zinc. However, assumptions regarding the nutrient composition of foods, zinc requirements, and zinc absorption may affect prevalence estimates. These analyses were conducted to: (1) evaluate the effect of varying methodological assumptions on country-specific estimates of the prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy and (2) generate a model considered to provide the best estimates.
National food balance data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Zinc and phytate contents of these foods were estimated from three nutrient composition databases. Zinc absorption was predicted using a mathematical model (Miller equation). Theoretical mean daily per capita physiological and dietary requirements for zinc were calculated using recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine and the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. The estimated global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake varied between 12-66%, depending on which methodological assumptions were applied. However, country-specific rank order of the estimated prevalence of inadequate intake was conserved across all models (r = 0.57-0.99, P<0.01). A "best-estimate" model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from a composite nutrient database and IZiNCG physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, estimated the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake to be 17.3%.
Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in this method, caution must be taken in the interpretation of the estimated prevalence figures. However, the results of all models indicate that inadequate zinc intake may be fairly common globally. Inferences regarding the relative likelihood of zinc deficiency as a public health problem in different countries can be drawn based on the country-specific rank order of estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Agricultural associations</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Balance sheets</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Commodities</subject><subject>Databases, Factual</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food composition</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Malnutrition - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Nutrient requirements</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Nutritional Requirements</subject><subject>Pennisetum glaucum</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Phytic Acid - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wessells, K Ryan</au><au>Singh, Gitanjali M</au><au>Brown, Kenneth H</au><au>Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estimating the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2012-11-29</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e50565</spage><epage>e50565</epage><pages>e50565-e50565</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in a population can be estimated by comparing the zinc content of the food supply with the population's theoretical requirement for zinc. However, assumptions regarding the nutrient composition of foods, zinc requirements, and zinc absorption may affect prevalence estimates. These analyses were conducted to: (1) evaluate the effect of varying methodological assumptions on country-specific estimates of the prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy and (2) generate a model considered to provide the best estimates.
National food balance data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Zinc and phytate contents of these foods were estimated from three nutrient composition databases. Zinc absorption was predicted using a mathematical model (Miller equation). Theoretical mean daily per capita physiological and dietary requirements for zinc were calculated using recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine and the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. The estimated global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake varied between 12-66%, depending on which methodological assumptions were applied. However, country-specific rank order of the estimated prevalence of inadequate intake was conserved across all models (r = 0.57-0.99, P<0.01). A "best-estimate" model, comprised of zinc and phytate data from a composite nutrient database and IZiNCG physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, estimated the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake to be 17.3%.
Given the multiple sources of uncertainty in this method, caution must be taken in the interpretation of the estimated prevalence figures. However, the results of all models indicate that inadequate zinc intake may be fairly common globally. Inferences regarding the relative likelihood of zinc deficiency as a public health problem in different countries can be drawn based on the country-specific rank order of estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23209781</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0050565</doi><tpages>e50565</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption Agricultural associations Agriculture Analysis Balance sheets Bioavailability Biology Commodities Databases, Factual Diet Estimates Food Food composition Food intake Food supply Humans Malnutrition - epidemiology Mathematical models Medicine Nutrient deficiency Nutrient requirements Nutrients Nutrition Nutrition research Nutritional Requirements Pennisetum glaucum Physiological aspects Physiology Phytic Acid - analysis Population Preschool children Prevalence Public health Rankings Zinc Zinc (Nutrient) Zinc - analysis Zinc - deficiency |
| title | Estimating the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions |
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