Formation of Stylet Sheaths in āere (in air) from Eight Species of Phytophagous Hemipterans from Six Families (Suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha)
Stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. These sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. Stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. This report demonstrates the formation a...
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| creator | Morgan, J. Kent Luzio, Gary A Ammar, El-Desouky Hunter, Wayne B Hall, David G Shatters Jr, Robert G Ghanim, Murad |
| description | Stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. These sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. Stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. This report demonstrates the formation and solidification of in āere (in air) produced stylet sheaths by six hemipteran families: Diaphorina citri (Psyllidae, Asian citrus psyllid), Aphis nerii (Aphididae, oleander/milkweed aphid), Toxoptera citricida (Aphididae, brown citrus aphid), Aphis gossypii (Aphididae, cotton melon aphid), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Aleyrodidae, whitefly), Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae, glassy-winged sharpshooter), Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae, striped mealybug), and Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Coccidae, pyriform scale). Examination of in āere produced stylet sheaths by confocal and scanning electron microscopy shows a common morphology of an initial flange laid down on the surface of the membrane followed by continuous hollow core structures with sequentially stacked hardened bulbous droplets. Single and multi-branched sheaths were common, whereas mealybug and scale insects typically produced multi-branched sheaths. Micrographs of the in āere formed flanges indicate flange sealing upon stylet bundle extraction in D. citri and the aphids, while the B. tabaci whitefly and H. vitripennis glassy-winged sharpshooter flanges remain unsealed. Structural similarity of in āere sheaths are apparent in stylet sheaths formed in planta , in artificial diets, or in water. The use of ‘Solvy’, a dissolvable membrane, for intact stylet sheath isolation is reported. These observations illustrate for the first time this mode of stylet sheath synthesis adding to the understanding of stylet sheath formation in phytophagous hemipterans and providing tools for future use in structural and compositional analysis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062444 |
| format | Article |
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Kent ; Luzio, Gary A ; Ammar, El-Desouky ; Hunter, Wayne B ; Hall, David G ; Shatters Jr, Robert G ; Ghanim, Murad</creator><contributor>Ghanim, Murad</contributor><creatorcontrib>Morgan, J. Kent ; Luzio, Gary A ; Ammar, El-Desouky ; Hunter, Wayne B ; Hall, David G ; Shatters Jr, Robert G ; Ghanim, Murad ; Ghanim, Murad</creatorcontrib><description>Stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. These sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. Stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. This report demonstrates the formation and solidification of in āere (in air) produced stylet sheaths by six hemipteran families: Diaphorina citri (Psyllidae, Asian citrus psyllid), Aphis nerii (Aphididae, oleander/milkweed aphid), Toxoptera citricida (Aphididae, brown citrus aphid), Aphis gossypii (Aphididae, cotton melon aphid), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Aleyrodidae, whitefly), Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae, glassy-winged sharpshooter), Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae, striped mealybug), and Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Coccidae, pyriform scale). Examination of in āere produced stylet sheaths by confocal and scanning electron microscopy shows a common morphology of an initial flange laid down on the surface of the membrane followed by continuous hollow core structures with sequentially stacked hardened bulbous droplets. Single and multi-branched sheaths were common, whereas mealybug and scale insects typically produced multi-branched sheaths. Micrographs of the in āere formed flanges indicate flange sealing upon stylet bundle extraction in D. citri and the aphids, while the B. tabaci whitefly and H. vitripennis glassy-winged sharpshooter flanges remain unsealed. Structural similarity of in āere sheaths are apparent in stylet sheaths formed in planta , in artificial diets, or in water. The use of ‘Solvy’, a dissolvable membrane, for intact stylet sheath isolation is reported. These observations illustrate for the first time this mode of stylet sheath synthesis adding to the understanding of stylet sheath formation in phytophagous hemipterans and providing tools for future use in structural and compositional analysis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062444</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23638086</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; air ; Aleyrodidae ; Animals ; Aphididae ; aphids ; Aphis gossypii ; Aphis nerii ; Artificial diets ; Asclepias ; Auchenorrhyncha ; Bemisia argentifolii ; Bemisia tabaci ; Biology ; Cicadellidae ; Citrus fruits ; Coccidae ; Confocal ; Core hardenability ; Cotton ; Diaphorina citri ; Diet ; droplets ; Electron microscopy ; Feeding Behavior ; Ferrisia virgata ; Flanges ; Fulgoroidea ; Hemiptera ; Hemiptera - anatomy & histology ; Hemiptera - physiology ; Hemiptera - ultrastructure ; Heteroptera ; Homalodisca vitripennis ; Homoptera ; Horticulture ; Insects ; Laboratories ; Lygaeidae ; Micrography ; Nerium oleander ; Oncopeltus ; Photomicrographs ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Protopulvinaria ; Protopulvinaria pyriformis ; Pseudococcidae ; Psyllidae ; scale insects ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sheaths ; Solidification ; Sternorrhyncha ; Stylet sheaths ; stylets ; Toxoptera citricida</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e62444-e62444</ispartof><rights>2013. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-36e44c733f470b593528b9311aea32084c70985340bf3ebf82edf1db3a7c4ebc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-36e44c733f470b593528b9311aea32084c70985340bf3ebf82edf1db3a7c4ebc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634779/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634779/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Ghanim, Murad</contributor><creatorcontrib>Morgan, J. Kent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luzio, Gary A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ammar, El-Desouky</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Wayne B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, David G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shatters Jr, Robert G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghanim, Murad</creatorcontrib><title>Formation of Stylet Sheaths in āere (in air) from Eight Species of Phytophagous Hemipterans from Six Families (Suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha)</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. These sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. Stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. This report demonstrates the formation and solidification of in āere (in air) produced stylet sheaths by six hemipteran families: Diaphorina citri (Psyllidae, Asian citrus psyllid), Aphis nerii (Aphididae, oleander/milkweed aphid), Toxoptera citricida (Aphididae, brown citrus aphid), Aphis gossypii (Aphididae, cotton melon aphid), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Aleyrodidae, whitefly), Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae, glassy-winged sharpshooter), Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae, striped mealybug), and Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Coccidae, pyriform scale). Examination of in āere produced stylet sheaths by confocal and scanning electron microscopy shows a common morphology of an initial flange laid down on the surface of the membrane followed by continuous hollow core structures with sequentially stacked hardened bulbous droplets. Single and multi-branched sheaths were common, whereas mealybug and scale insects typically produced multi-branched sheaths. Micrographs of the in āere formed flanges indicate flange sealing upon stylet bundle extraction in D. citri and the aphids, while the B. tabaci whitefly and H. vitripennis glassy-winged sharpshooter flanges remain unsealed. Structural similarity of in āere sheaths are apparent in stylet sheaths formed in planta , in artificial diets, or in water. The use of ‘Solvy’, a dissolvable membrane, for intact stylet sheath isolation is reported. These observations illustrate for the first time this mode of stylet sheath synthesis adding to the understanding of stylet sheath formation in phytophagous hemipterans and providing tools for future use in structural and compositional analysis.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>air</subject><subject>Aleyrodidae</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aphididae</subject><subject>aphids</subject><subject>Aphis gossypii</subject><subject>Aphis nerii</subject><subject>Artificial diets</subject><subject>Asclepias</subject><subject>Auchenorrhyncha</subject><subject>Bemisia argentifolii</subject><subject>Bemisia tabaci</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Cicadellidae</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Coccidae</subject><subject>Confocal</subject><subject>Core hardenability</subject><subject>Cotton</subject><subject>Diaphorina citri</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>droplets</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Ferrisia virgata</subject><subject>Flanges</subject><subject>Fulgoroidea</subject><subject>Hemiptera</subject><subject>Hemiptera - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Hemiptera - physiology</subject><subject>Hemiptera - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Heteroptera</subject><subject>Homalodisca vitripennis</subject><subject>Homoptera</subject><subject>Horticulture</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lygaeidae</subject><subject>Micrography</subject><subject>Nerium oleander</subject><subject>Oncopeltus</subject><subject>Photomicrographs</subject><subject>Polyvinyl alcohol</subject><subject>Protopulvinaria</subject><subject>Protopulvinaria pyriformis</subject><subject>Pseudococcidae</subject><subject>Psyllidae</subject><subject>scale insects</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sheaths</subject><subject>Solidification</subject><subject>Sternorrhyncha</subject><subject>Stylet sheaths</subject><subject>stylets</subject><subject>Toxoptera citricida</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUstu1DAUjRCIlsIfILDEZrqYwfZ1YqcLpKrq0EqVQBq6thznZuIqiQc7QcySH-Fr-DASZvpCSHhj695zju_jJMlrRhcMJHt_44fQmWax8R0uKM24EOJJcshy4POMU3j64H2QvIjxhtIUVJY9Tw44ZKCoyg6Tn0sfWtM73xFfkVW_bbAnqxpNX0fiOvLrBwYks_FlXDgmVfAtOXfregRt0DqME-1zve39pjZrP0Ryga3b9BhMF3fwlftOlqZ1zYSerYbChxJDPCGng62x8yHU287WhpiuHCvAcB86fpk8q0wT8dX-Pkqul-dfzi7mV58-Xp6dXs1tqqCfQ4ZCWAlQCUmLNIeUqyIHxgwa4FSNOZqrFAQtKsCiUhzLipUFGGkFFhaOkrc73U3jo96PNmoGImOpFMBHxOUOUXpzozfBtSZstTdO_wn4sNYm9M42qHOKuUgVk1RykVlZgCitQqCQM8WNHLU-7H8bihZLi10fTPNI9HGmc7Ve-296XJuQMh8FZnuB4L8OGHvdumixaUyH4w40p9NJZf5_6NiiSillfCrr3V_Qfw9C7FA2-BgDVnd1M6onZ96y9ORMvXfmSHvzsOc70q0V71dQGa_NOrior1ecsmxqRWWcwW8RXuvb</recordid><startdate>20130424</startdate><enddate>20130424</enddate><creator>Morgan, J. 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Kent ; Luzio, Gary A ; Ammar, El-Desouky ; Hunter, Wayne B ; Hall, David G ; Shatters Jr, Robert G ; Ghanim, Murad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-36e44c733f470b593528b9311aea32084c70985340bf3ebf82edf1db3a7c4ebc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>air</topic><topic>Aleyrodidae</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aphididae</topic><topic>aphids</topic><topic>Aphis gossypii</topic><topic>Aphis nerii</topic><topic>Artificial diets</topic><topic>Asclepias</topic><topic>Auchenorrhyncha</topic><topic>Bemisia argentifolii</topic><topic>Bemisia tabaci</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Cicadellidae</topic><topic>Citrus fruits</topic><topic>Coccidae</topic><topic>Confocal</topic><topic>Core hardenability</topic><topic>Cotton</topic><topic>Diaphorina citri</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>droplets</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Ferrisia virgata</topic><topic>Flanges</topic><topic>Fulgoroidea</topic><topic>Hemiptera</topic><topic>Hemiptera - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Hemiptera - physiology</topic><topic>Hemiptera - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Heteroptera</topic><topic>Homalodisca vitripennis</topic><topic>Homoptera</topic><topic>Horticulture</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lygaeidae</topic><topic>Micrography</topic><topic>Nerium oleander</topic><topic>Oncopeltus</topic><topic>Photomicrographs</topic><topic>Polyvinyl alcohol</topic><topic>Protopulvinaria</topic><topic>Protopulvinaria pyriformis</topic><topic>Pseudococcidae</topic><topic>Psyllidae</topic><topic>scale insects</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Sheaths</topic><topic>Solidification</topic><topic>Sternorrhyncha</topic><topic>Stylet sheaths</topic><topic>stylets</topic><topic>Toxoptera citricida</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Morgan, J. 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Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Morgan, J. Kent</au><au>Luzio, Gary A</au><au>Ammar, El-Desouky</au><au>Hunter, Wayne B</au><au>Hall, David G</au><au>Shatters Jr, Robert G</au><au>Ghanim, Murad</au><au>Ghanim, Murad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Formation of Stylet Sheaths in āere (in air) from Eight Species of Phytophagous Hemipterans from Six Families (Suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha)</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-04-24</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e62444</spage><epage>e62444</epage><pages>e62444-e62444</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. These sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. Stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. This report demonstrates the formation and solidification of in āere (in air) produced stylet sheaths by six hemipteran families: Diaphorina citri (Psyllidae, Asian citrus psyllid), Aphis nerii (Aphididae, oleander/milkweed aphid), Toxoptera citricida (Aphididae, brown citrus aphid), Aphis gossypii (Aphididae, cotton melon aphid), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Aleyrodidae, whitefly), Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae, glassy-winged sharpshooter), Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae, striped mealybug), and Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Coccidae, pyriform scale). Examination of in āere produced stylet sheaths by confocal and scanning electron microscopy shows a common morphology of an initial flange laid down on the surface of the membrane followed by continuous hollow core structures with sequentially stacked hardened bulbous droplets. Single and multi-branched sheaths were common, whereas mealybug and scale insects typically produced multi-branched sheaths. Micrographs of the in āere formed flanges indicate flange sealing upon stylet bundle extraction in D. citri and the aphids, while the B. tabaci whitefly and H. vitripennis glassy-winged sharpshooter flanges remain unsealed. Structural similarity of in āere sheaths are apparent in stylet sheaths formed in planta , in artificial diets, or in water. The use of ‘Solvy’, a dissolvable membrane, for intact stylet sheath isolation is reported. These observations illustrate for the first time this mode of stylet sheath synthesis adding to the understanding of stylet sheath formation in phytophagous hemipterans and providing tools for future use in structural and compositional analysis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23638086</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0062444</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e62444-e62444 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1346157432 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agriculture air Aleyrodidae Animals Aphididae aphids Aphis gossypii Aphis nerii Artificial diets Asclepias Auchenorrhyncha Bemisia argentifolii Bemisia tabaci Biology Cicadellidae Citrus fruits Coccidae Confocal Core hardenability Cotton Diaphorina citri Diet droplets Electron microscopy Feeding Behavior Ferrisia virgata Flanges Fulgoroidea Hemiptera Hemiptera - anatomy & histology Hemiptera - physiology Hemiptera - ultrastructure Heteroptera Homalodisca vitripennis Homoptera Horticulture Insects Laboratories Lygaeidae Micrography Nerium oleander Oncopeltus Photomicrographs Polyvinyl alcohol Protopulvinaria Protopulvinaria pyriformis Pseudococcidae Psyllidae scale insects Scanning electron microscopy Sheaths Solidification Sternorrhyncha Stylet sheaths stylets Toxoptera citricida |
| title | Formation of Stylet Sheaths in āere (in air) from Eight Species of Phytophagous Hemipterans from Six Families (Suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha) |
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