Maintenance of coastal surface blooms by surface temperature stratification and wind drift
Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regular...
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| description | Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters. |
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In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058958</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23593127</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Biology ; Blooms (microorganisms) ; Buoys ; Cell division ; Chlorophyll ; Chlorophyll - analysis ; Coastal upwelling ; Coastal waters ; Coastal zone ; Coasts ; Density stratification ; Dinoflagellida - growth & development ; Diurnal ; Drift ; Drifting buoys ; Earth sciences ; Economic impact ; Environmental conditions ; Eutrophication ; Eutrophication - physiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Impact analysis ; Limnology ; Lingulodinium polyedrum ; Marine ; Marine ecology ; Measuring instruments ; Mexico ; Microorganisms ; Nutrients ; Ocean floor ; Oceanography ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Population Density ; Pyrrophycophyta ; Socioeconomics ; Surface boundary layer ; Surface temperature ; Surface water ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Trajectories ; Transport ; Upwelling ; Water analysis ; Water Movements ; Water quality ; Water sampling ; Wind ; Wind drift ; Wind patterns ; Wind speed ; Wind transport</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e58958-e58958</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Ruiz-de la Torre et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters.</description><subject>Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler</subject><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Algal blooms</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blooms (microorganisms)</subject><subject>Buoys</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - analysis</subject><subject>Coastal upwelling</subject><subject>Coastal waters</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>Density stratification</subject><subject>Dinoflagellida - growth & development</subject><subject>Diurnal</subject><subject>Drift</subject><subject>Drifting buoys</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Economic impact</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Eutrophication</subject><subject>Eutrophication - physiology</subject><subject>Geographic Information Systems</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Limnology</subject><subject>Lingulodinium polyedrum</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine ecology</subject><subject>Measuring instruments</subject><subject>Mexico</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Ocean floor</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Pacific Ocean</subject><subject>Plankton</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Pyrrophycophyta</subject><subject>Socioeconomics</subject><subject>Surface boundary layer</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Trajectories</subject><subject>Transport</subject><subject>Upwelling</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Movements</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind drift</subject><subject>Wind patterns</subject><subject>Wind 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of coastal surface blooms by surface temperature stratification and wind drift</title><author>Ruiz-de la Torre, Mary Carmen ; Maske, Helmut ; Ochoa, José ; Almeda-Jauregui, César O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-9f636bccb35e27a68a475404d0b22fd4b731c4c6e2a66b7c7f9365881575e27d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler</topic><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Algal blooms</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Blooms (microorganisms)</topic><topic>Buoys</topic><topic>Cell division</topic><topic>Chlorophyll</topic><topic>Chlorophyll - analysis</topic><topic>Coastal upwelling</topic><topic>Coastal waters</topic><topic>Coastal zone</topic><topic>Coasts</topic><topic>Density stratification</topic><topic>Dinoflagellida - growth & development</topic><topic>Diurnal</topic><topic>Drift</topic><topic>Drifting 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One</addtitle><date>2013-04-11</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e58958</spage><epage>e58958</epage><pages>e58958-e58958</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23593127</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0058958</doi><tpages>e58958</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e58958-e58958 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1335045569 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Algae Algal blooms Biology Blooms (microorganisms) Buoys Cell division Chlorophyll Chlorophyll - analysis Coastal upwelling Coastal waters Coastal zone Coasts Density stratification Dinoflagellida - growth & development Diurnal Drift Drifting buoys Earth sciences Economic impact Environmental conditions Eutrophication Eutrophication - physiology Geographic Information Systems Impact analysis Limnology Lingulodinium polyedrum Marine Marine ecology Measuring instruments Mexico Microorganisms Nutrients Ocean floor Oceanography Pacific Ocean Plankton Population Density Pyrrophycophyta Socioeconomics Surface boundary layer Surface temperature Surface water Temperature Temperature effects Trajectories Transport Upwelling Water analysis Water Movements Water quality Water sampling Wind Wind drift Wind patterns Wind speed Wind transport |
| title | Maintenance of coastal surface blooms by surface temperature stratification and wind drift |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T12%3A24%3A01IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maintenance%20of%20coastal%20surface%20blooms%20by%20surface%20temperature%20stratification%20and%20wind%20drift&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ruiz-de%20la%20Torre,%20Mary%20Carmen&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e58958&rft.epage=e58958&rft.pages=e58958-e58958&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058958&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478335155%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1335045569&rft_id=info:pmid/23593127&rft_galeid=A478335155&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_dd8fd75862af4c65b4f8fd844dd1f419&rfr_iscdi=true |