Global diversity of the Placozoa
The enigmatic animal phylum Placozoa holds a key position in the metazoan Tree of Life. A simple bauplan makes it appear to be the most basal metazoan known and genetic evidence also points to a position close to the last common metazoan ancestor. Trichoplax adhaerens is the only formally described...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e57131-e57131 |
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| description | The enigmatic animal phylum Placozoa holds a key position in the metazoan Tree of Life. A simple bauplan makes it appear to be the most basal metazoan known and genetic evidence also points to a position close to the last common metazoan ancestor. Trichoplax adhaerens is the only formally described species in the phylum to date, making the Placozoa the only monotypic phylum in the animal kingdom. However, recent molecular genetic as well as morphological studies have identified a high level of diversity, and hence a potential high level of taxonomic diversity, within this phylum. Different taxa, possibly at different taxonomic levels, are awaiting description. In this review we firstly summarize knowledge on the morphology, phylogenetic position and ecology of the Placozoa. Secondly, we give an overview of placozoan morphological and genetic diversity and finally present an updated distribution of placozoan populations. We conclude that there is great potential and need to erect new taxa and to establish a firm system for this taxonomic tabula rasa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057131 |
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A simple bauplan makes it appear to be the most basal metazoan known and genetic evidence also points to a position close to the last common metazoan ancestor. Trichoplax adhaerens is the only formally described species in the phylum to date, making the Placozoa the only monotypic phylum in the animal kingdom. However, recent molecular genetic as well as morphological studies have identified a high level of diversity, and hence a potential high level of taxonomic diversity, within this phylum. Different taxa, possibly at different taxonomic levels, are awaiting description. In this review we firstly summarize knowledge on the morphology, phylogenetic position and ecology of the Placozoa. Secondly, we give an overview of placozoan morphological and genetic diversity and finally present an updated distribution of placozoan populations. We conclude that there is great potential and need to erect new taxa and to establish a firm system for this taxonomic tabula rasa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057131</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23565136</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biology ; Distribution ; Ecology ; Environmental aspects ; Evolution ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genomics ; Geography ; Levels ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphology ; Museums ; New taxa ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Placozoa ; Placozoa - anatomy & histology ; Placozoa - classification ; Placozoa - genetics ; Population Dynamics ; Review ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S ; Science ; Stem cells ; Studies ; Taxa ; Taxonomy ; Trichoplax ; Trichoplax adhaerens ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-04, Vol.8 (4), p.e57131-e57131</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Eitel et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Eitel et al 2013 Eitel et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-1113ccc816eb8e0ccee3d4e0426109406a7e62d86e80554abe91977175f2bf933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-1113ccc816eb8e0ccee3d4e0426109406a7e62d86e80554abe91977175f2bf933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614897/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614897/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565136$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eitel, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osigus, Hans-Jürgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeSalle, Rob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schierwater, Bernd</creatorcontrib><title>Global diversity of the Placozoa</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The enigmatic animal phylum Placozoa holds a key position in the metazoan Tree of Life. A simple bauplan makes it appear to be the most basal metazoan known and genetic evidence also points to a position close to the last common metazoan ancestor. Trichoplax adhaerens is the only formally described species in the phylum to date, making the Placozoa the only monotypic phylum in the animal kingdom. However, recent molecular genetic as well as morphological studies have identified a high level of diversity, and hence a potential high level of taxonomic diversity, within this phylum. Different taxa, possibly at different taxonomic levels, are awaiting description. In this review we firstly summarize knowledge on the morphology, phylogenetic position and ecology of the Placozoa. Secondly, we give an overview of placozoan morphological and genetic diversity and finally present an updated distribution of placozoan populations. We conclude that there is great potential and need to erect new taxa and to establish a firm system for this taxonomic tabula rasa.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Evolution, Molecular</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genome, Mitochondrial</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Levels</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Museums</subject><subject>New taxa</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Placozoa</subject><subject>Placozoa - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Placozoa - classification</subject><subject>Placozoa - genetics</subject><subject>Population 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One</addtitle><date>2013-04-02</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e57131</spage><epage>e57131</epage><pages>e57131-e57131</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The enigmatic animal phylum Placozoa holds a key position in the metazoan Tree of Life. A simple bauplan makes it appear to be the most basal metazoan known and genetic evidence also points to a position close to the last common metazoan ancestor. Trichoplax adhaerens is the only formally described species in the phylum to date, making the Placozoa the only monotypic phylum in the animal kingdom. However, recent molecular genetic as well as morphological studies have identified a high level of diversity, and hence a potential high level of taxonomic diversity, within this phylum. Different taxa, possibly at different taxonomic levels, are awaiting description. In this review we firstly summarize knowledge on the morphology, phylogenetic position and ecology of the Placozoa. Secondly, we give an overview of placozoan morphological and genetic diversity and finally present an updated distribution of placozoan populations. 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| subjects | Animals Biodiversity Biology Distribution Ecology Environmental aspects Evolution Evolution, Molecular Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Genome, Mitochondrial Genomics Geography Levels Molecular Sequence Data Morphology Museums New taxa Phylogenetics Phylogeny Placozoa Placozoa - anatomy & histology Placozoa - classification Placozoa - genetics Population Dynamics Review RNA, Ribosomal, 16S RNA, Ribosomal, 28S Science Stem cells Studies Taxa Taxonomy Trichoplax Trichoplax adhaerens Zoology |
| title | Global diversity of the Placozoa |
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