Differential nutrient limitation of soil microbial biomass and metabolic quotients (qCO2): is there a biological stoichiometry of soil microbes?
Variation in microbial metabolism poses one of the greatest current uncertainties in models of global carbon cycling, and is particularly poorly understood in soils. Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linking metabolic rates with variation in the elemental composition o...
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| description | Variation in microbial metabolism poses one of the greatest current uncertainties in models of global carbon cycling, and is particularly poorly understood in soils. Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linking metabolic rates with variation in the elemental composition of cells and organisms, and has been widely observed in animals, plants, and plankton. However, this theory has not been widely tested in microbes, which are considered to have fixed ratios of major elements in soils.
To determine whether Biological Stoichiometry underlies patterns of soil microbial metabolism, we compiled published data on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools in soils spanning the global range of climate, vegetation, and land use types. We compared element ratios in microbial biomass pools to the metabolic quotient qCO2 (respiration per unit biomass), where soil C mineralization was simultaneously measured in controlled incubations. Although microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry appeared to follow somewhat constrained allometric relationships at the global scale, we found significant variation in the C∶N∶P ratios of soil microbes across land use and habitat types, and size-dependent scaling of microbial C∶N and C∶P (but not N∶P) ratios. Microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotients were also weakly correlated as suggested by Biological Stoichiometry theory. Importantly, we found that while soil microbial biomass appeared constrained by soil N availability, microbial metabolic rates (qCO2) were most strongly associated with inorganic P availability.
Our findings appear consistent with the model of cellular metabolism described by Biological Stoichiometry theory, where biomass is limited by N needed to build proteins, but rates of protein synthesis are limited by the high P demands of ribosomes. Incorporation of these physiological processes may improve models of carbon cycling and understanding of the effects of nutrient availability on soil C turnover across terrestrial and wetland habitats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057127 |
| format | Article |
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To determine whether Biological Stoichiometry underlies patterns of soil microbial metabolism, we compiled published data on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools in soils spanning the global range of climate, vegetation, and land use types. We compared element ratios in microbial biomass pools to the metabolic quotient qCO2 (respiration per unit biomass), where soil C mineralization was simultaneously measured in controlled incubations. Although microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry appeared to follow somewhat constrained allometric relationships at the global scale, we found significant variation in the C∶N∶P ratios of soil microbes across land use and habitat types, and size-dependent scaling of microbial C∶N and C∶P (but not N∶P) ratios. Microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotients were also weakly correlated as suggested by Biological Stoichiometry theory. Importantly, we found that while soil microbial biomass appeared constrained by soil N availability, microbial metabolic rates (qCO2) were most strongly associated with inorganic P availability.
Our findings appear consistent with the model of cellular metabolism described by Biological Stoichiometry theory, where biomass is limited by N needed to build proteins, but rates of protein synthesis are limited by the high P demands of ribosomes. Incorporation of these physiological processes may improve models of carbon cycling and understanding of the effects of nutrient availability on soil C turnover across terrestrial and wetland habitats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057127</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23526933</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analysis ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic habitats ; Availability ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon - analysis ; Carbon - metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism ; Chemical composition ; Chemistry ; Climate and land use ; Climate and vegetation ; Cycles ; Decomposition ; Earth Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem biology ; Enzymes ; Forests ; Growth rate ; Influence ; Land use ; Mediation ; Metabolism ; Microorganisms ; Mineralization ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - analysis ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Nutrient availability ; Nutrient cycles ; Nutrients ; Nutrients in soil ; Phosphorus ; Phosphorus - analysis ; Phosphorus - metabolism ; Phylogenetics ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plankton ; Pools ; Protein biosynthesis ; Protein synthesis ; Proteins ; Quotients ; Ratios ; Ribosomes ; Scaling ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil carbon ; Soil fertility ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil microorganisms ; Soil nutrients ; Soil sciences ; Soils ; Stoichiometry ; Studies ; Terrestrial environments ; Variation ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e57127-e57127</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Hartman, Richardson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Hartman, Richardson 2013 Hartman, Richardson</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-8cab2993625655b9d9e660e48aad75a57001e05f0e2d160a164172f7ad194583</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-8cab2993625655b9d9e660e48aad75a57001e05f0e2d160a164172f7ad194583</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602520/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602520/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526933$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mormile, Melanie R.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hartman, Wyatt H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richardson, Curtis J</creatorcontrib><title>Differential nutrient limitation of soil microbial biomass and metabolic quotients (qCO2): is there a biological stoichiometry of soil microbes?</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Variation in microbial metabolism poses one of the greatest current uncertainties in models of global carbon cycling, and is particularly poorly understood in soils. Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linking metabolic rates with variation in the elemental composition of cells and organisms, and has been widely observed in animals, plants, and plankton. However, this theory has not been widely tested in microbes, which are considered to have fixed ratios of major elements in soils.
To determine whether Biological Stoichiometry underlies patterns of soil microbial metabolism, we compiled published data on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools in soils spanning the global range of climate, vegetation, and land use types. We compared element ratios in microbial biomass pools to the metabolic quotient qCO2 (respiration per unit biomass), where soil C mineralization was simultaneously measured in controlled incubations. Although microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry appeared to follow somewhat constrained allometric relationships at the global scale, we found significant variation in the C∶N∶P ratios of soil microbes across land use and habitat types, and size-dependent scaling of microbial C∶N and C∶P (but not N∶P) ratios. Microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotients were also weakly correlated as suggested by Biological Stoichiometry theory. Importantly, we found that while soil microbial biomass appeared constrained by soil N availability, microbial metabolic rates (qCO2) were most strongly associated with inorganic P availability.
Our findings appear consistent with the model of cellular metabolism described by Biological Stoichiometry theory, where biomass is limited by N needed to build proteins, but rates of protein synthesis are limited by the high P demands of ribosomes. Incorporation of these physiological processes may improve models of carbon cycling and understanding of the effects of nutrient availability on soil C turnover across terrestrial and wetland habitats.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Aquatic habitats</subject><subject>Availability</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - analysis</subject><subject>Carbon - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbon Cycle</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Climate and land use</subject><subject>Climate and vegetation</subject><subject>Cycles</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystem biology</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Growth rate</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>Mediation</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - 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Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linking metabolic rates with variation in the elemental composition of cells and organisms, and has been widely observed in animals, plants, and plankton. However, this theory has not been widely tested in microbes, which are considered to have fixed ratios of major elements in soils.
To determine whether Biological Stoichiometry underlies patterns of soil microbial metabolism, we compiled published data on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools in soils spanning the global range of climate, vegetation, and land use types. We compared element ratios in microbial biomass pools to the metabolic quotient qCO2 (respiration per unit biomass), where soil C mineralization was simultaneously measured in controlled incubations. Although microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry appeared to follow somewhat constrained allometric relationships at the global scale, we found significant variation in the C∶N∶P ratios of soil microbes across land use and habitat types, and size-dependent scaling of microbial C∶N and C∶P (but not N∶P) ratios. Microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotients were also weakly correlated as suggested by Biological Stoichiometry theory. Importantly, we found that while soil microbial biomass appeared constrained by soil N availability, microbial metabolic rates (qCO2) were most strongly associated with inorganic P availability.
Our findings appear consistent with the model of cellular metabolism described by Biological Stoichiometry theory, where biomass is limited by N needed to build proteins, but rates of protein synthesis are limited by the high P demands of ribosomes. Incorporation of these physiological processes may improve models of carbon cycling and understanding of the effects of nutrient availability on soil C turnover across terrestrial and wetland habitats.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23526933</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0057127</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | PubMed Central database; MEDLINE; Public Library of Science（OA）; Directory of Open Access Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Agriculture Analysis Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic habitats Availability Biochemistry Biology Biomass Carbon Carbon - analysis Carbon - metabolism Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Chemical composition Chemistry Climate and land use Climate and vegetation Cycles Decomposition Earth Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystem biology Enzymes Forests Growth rate Influence Land use Mediation Metabolism Microorganisms Mineralization Models, Biological Nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis Nitrogen - metabolism Nutrient availability Nutrient cycles Nutrients Nutrients in soil Phosphorus Phosphorus - analysis Phosphorus - metabolism Phylogenetics Physiological aspects Physiology Plankton Pools Protein biosynthesis Protein synthesis Proteins Quotients Ratios Ribosomes Scaling Soil - chemistry Soil carbon Soil fertility Soil Microbiology Soil microorganisms Soil nutrients Soil sciences Soils Stoichiometry Studies Terrestrial environments Variation Wetlands |
| title | Differential nutrient limitation of soil microbial biomass and metabolic quotients (qCO2): is there a biological stoichiometry of soil microbes? |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T05%3A06%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Differential%20nutrient%20limitation%20of%20soil%20microbial%20biomass%20and%20metabolic%20quotients%20(qCO2):%20is%20there%20a%20biological%20stoichiometry%20of%20soil%20microbes?&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Hartman,%20Wyatt%20H&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e57127&rft.epage=e57127&rft.pages=e57127-e57127&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0057127&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478207763%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1330882323&rft_id=info:pmid/23526933&rft_galeid=A478207763&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c72e33fe3ef44fd9ab64d88db67fe253&rfr_iscdi=true |