Relative role of flower color and scent on pollinator attraction: experimental tests using F1 and F2 hybrids of daylily and nightlily
The daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and nightlily (H. citrina) are typical examples of a butterfly-pollination system and a hawkmoth-pollination system, respectively. H. fulva has diurnal, reddish or orange-colored flowers and is mainly pollinated by diurnal swallowtail butterflies. H. citrina has noct...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39010-e39010 |
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| creator | Hirota, Shun K Nitta, Kozue Kim, Yuni Kato, Aya Kawakubo, Nobumitsu Yasumoto, Akiko A Yahara, Tetsukazu |
| description | The daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and nightlily (H. citrina) are typical examples of a butterfly-pollination system and a hawkmoth-pollination system, respectively. H. fulva has diurnal, reddish or orange-colored flowers and is mainly pollinated by diurnal swallowtail butterflies. H. citrina has nocturnal, yellowish flowers with a sweet fragrance and is pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths. We evaluated the relative roles of flower color and scent on the evolutionary shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina. We conducted a series of experiments that mimic situations in which mutants differing in either flower color, floral scent or both appeared in a diurnally flowering population. An experimental array of 6 × 6 potted plants, mixed with 24 plants of H. fulva and 12 plants of either F1 or F2 hybrids, were placed in the field, and visitations of swallowtail butterflies and nocturnal hawkmoths were recorded with camcorders. Swallowtail butterflies preferentially visited reddish or orange-colored flowers and hawkmoths preferentially visited yellowish flowers. Neither swallowtail butterflies nor nocturnal hawkmoths showed significant preferences for overall scent emission. Our results suggest that mutations in flower color would be more relevant to the adaptive shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina than that in floral scent. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0039010 |
| format | Article |
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H. fulva has diurnal, reddish or orange-colored flowers and is mainly pollinated by diurnal swallowtail butterflies. H. citrina has nocturnal, yellowish flowers with a sweet fragrance and is pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths. We evaluated the relative roles of flower color and scent on the evolutionary shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina. We conducted a series of experiments that mimic situations in which mutants differing in either flower color, floral scent or both appeared in a diurnally flowering population. An experimental array of 6 × 6 potted plants, mixed with 24 plants of H. fulva and 12 plants of either F1 or F2 hybrids, were placed in the field, and visitations of swallowtail butterflies and nocturnal hawkmoths were recorded with camcorders. Swallowtail butterflies preferentially visited reddish or orange-colored flowers and hawkmoths preferentially visited yellowish flowers. Neither swallowtail butterflies nor nocturnal hawkmoths showed significant preferences for overall scent emission. Our results suggest that mutations in flower color would be more relevant to the adaptive shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina than that in floral scent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22720016</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal reproduction ; Aquilegia formosa ; Biology ; Butterflies & moths ; Camcorders ; Color ; Disa scullyi ; Diurnal ; Environmental science ; Evaluation ; Evolution ; Flowering ; Flowers ; Flowers & plants ; Hemerocallis - physiology ; Hemerocallis fulva ; Hybrids ; Ipomopsis aggregata ; Mutants ; Mutation ; Nocturnal ; Odorants ; Petunia integrifolia ; Plant reproduction ; Pollen ; Pollination ; Pollinators</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39010-e39010</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Hirota et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Hirota et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-de5bae205ebef9ac582d5f076e5b157ae1b053461ebe24248d84c277308319293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-de5bae205ebef9ac582d5f076e5b157ae1b053461ebe24248d84c277308319293</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376114/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376114/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720016$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Zeil, Jochen</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hirota, Shun K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nitta, Kozue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Aya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawakubo, Nobumitsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yasumoto, Akiko A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yahara, Tetsukazu</creatorcontrib><title>Relative role of flower color and scent on pollinator attraction: experimental tests using F1 and F2 hybrids of daylily and nightlily</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and nightlily (H. citrina) are typical examples of a butterfly-pollination system and a hawkmoth-pollination system, respectively. H. fulva has diurnal, reddish or orange-colored flowers and is mainly pollinated by diurnal swallowtail butterflies. H. citrina has nocturnal, yellowish flowers with a sweet fragrance and is pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths. We evaluated the relative roles of flower color and scent on the evolutionary shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina. We conducted a series of experiments that mimic situations in which mutants differing in either flower color, floral scent or both appeared in a diurnally flowering population. An experimental array of 6 × 6 potted plants, mixed with 24 plants of H. fulva and 12 plants of either F1 or F2 hybrids, were placed in the field, and visitations of swallowtail butterflies and nocturnal hawkmoths were recorded with camcorders. Swallowtail butterflies preferentially visited reddish or orange-colored flowers and hawkmoths preferentially visited yellowish flowers. Neither swallowtail butterflies nor nocturnal hawkmoths showed significant preferences for overall scent emission. Our results suggest that mutations in flower color would be more relevant to the adaptive shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina than that in floral scent.</description><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Aquilegia formosa</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Butterflies & moths</subject><subject>Camcorders</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>Disa scullyi</subject><subject>Diurnal</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Hemerocallis - physiology</subject><subject>Hemerocallis fulva</subject><subject>Hybrids</subject><subject>Ipomopsis aggregata</subject><subject>Mutants</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Nocturnal</subject><subject>Odorants</subject><subject>Petunia integrifolia</subject><subject>Plant 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fulva</topic><topic>Hybrids</topic><topic>Ipomopsis aggregata</topic><topic>Mutants</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Nocturnal</topic><topic>Odorants</topic><topic>Petunia integrifolia</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Pollen</topic><topic>Pollination</topic><topic>Pollinators</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hirota, Shun K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nitta, Kozue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Aya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawakubo, Nobumitsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yasumoto, Akiko A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yahara, Tetsukazu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing 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One</addtitle><date>2012-06-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e39010</spage><epage>e39010</epage><pages>e39010-e39010</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and nightlily (H. citrina) are typical examples of a butterfly-pollination system and a hawkmoth-pollination system, respectively. H. fulva has diurnal, reddish or orange-colored flowers and is mainly pollinated by diurnal swallowtail butterflies. H. citrina has nocturnal, yellowish flowers with a sweet fragrance and is pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths. We evaluated the relative roles of flower color and scent on the evolutionary shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina. We conducted a series of experiments that mimic situations in which mutants differing in either flower color, floral scent or both appeared in a diurnally flowering population. An experimental array of 6 × 6 potted plants, mixed with 24 plants of H. fulva and 12 plants of either F1 or F2 hybrids, were placed in the field, and visitations of swallowtail butterflies and nocturnal hawkmoths were recorded with camcorders. Swallowtail butterflies preferentially visited reddish or orange-colored flowers and hawkmoths preferentially visited yellowish flowers. Neither swallowtail butterflies nor nocturnal hawkmoths showed significant preferences for overall scent emission. Our results suggest that mutations in flower color would be more relevant to the adaptive shift from a diurnally flowering ancestor to H. citrina than that in floral scent.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22720016</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0039010</doi><tpages>e39010</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal reproduction Aquilegia formosa Biology Butterflies & moths Camcorders Color Disa scullyi Diurnal Environmental science Evaluation Evolution Flowering Flowers Flowers & plants Hemerocallis - physiology Hemerocallis fulva Hybrids Ipomopsis aggregata Mutants Mutation Nocturnal Odorants Petunia integrifolia Plant reproduction Pollen Pollination Pollinators |
| title | Relative role of flower color and scent on pollinator attraction: experimental tests using F1 and F2 hybrids of daylily and nightlily |
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