Increased carotid intima-media thickness and reduced distensibility in human class III obesity: independent and differential influences of adiposity and blood pressure on the vasculature
Carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (distensibility), structural and functional properties of carotid arteries respectively, are early markers, as well as strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The characteristic of these two parameters in individuals with BM...
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| description | Carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (distensibility), structural and functional properties of carotid arteries respectively, are early markers, as well as strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The characteristic of these two parameters in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) (Class III obesity), however, are largely unknown. The present study was designed to document cIMT and distensibility in this population and to relate these to other factors with established association with CVD in obesity. The study included 96 subjects (65 with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) and 31, age- and gender-matched, with BMI of 18.5 to 30.0 kg/m(2)). cIMT and distensibility were measured by non-invasive high resolution ultrasonography, circulatory CD133(+)/KDR(+) angiogenic cells and endothelial microparticles (EMP) by flow cytometry, and plasma levels of adipokines, growth factors and cytokines by Luminex immunoassay kits. The study results demonstrated increased cIMT (0.62±0.11 mm vs. 0.54±0.08 mm, P = 0.0002) and reduced distensibility (22.52±10.79 10(-3)kpa(-1)vs. 29.91±12.37 10(-3)kpa(-1), P40.0 kg/m(2). Both cIMT and distensibility were significantly associated with traditional CVD risk factors, adiposity/adipokines and inflammatory markers but had no association with circulating angiogenic cells. We also demonstrated, for the first time, elevated plasma EMP levels in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). In conclusion, cIMT is increased and distensibility reduced in Class III obesity with the changes predominantly related to conventional CVD risk factors present in this condition, demonstrating that both cIMT and distensibility remain as CVD markers in Class III obesity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0053972 |
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The characteristic of these two parameters in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) (Class III obesity), however, are largely unknown. The present study was designed to document cIMT and distensibility in this population and to relate these to other factors with established association with CVD in obesity. The study included 96 subjects (65 with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) and 31, age- and gender-matched, with BMI of 18.5 to 30.0 kg/m(2)). cIMT and distensibility were measured by non-invasive high resolution ultrasonography, circulatory CD133(+)/KDR(+) angiogenic cells and endothelial microparticles (EMP) by flow cytometry, and plasma levels of adipokines, growth factors and cytokines by Luminex immunoassay kits. The study results demonstrated increased cIMT (0.62±0.11 mm vs. 0.54±0.08 mm, P = 0.0002) and reduced distensibility (22.52±10.79 10(-3)kpa(-1)vs. 29.91±12.37 10(-3)kpa(-1), P<0.05) in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). Both cIMT and distensibility were significantly associated with traditional CVD risk factors, adiposity/adipokines and inflammatory markers but had no association with circulating angiogenic cells. We also demonstrated, for the first time, elevated plasma EMP levels in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). In conclusion, cIMT is increased and distensibility reduced in Class III obesity with the changes predominantly related to conventional CVD risk factors present in this condition, demonstrating that both cIMT and distensibility remain as CVD markers in Class III obesity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053972</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23342053</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adipose tissue ; Adiposity ; Age ; Angiogenesis ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Bioindicators ; Biology ; Biomarkers ; Blood Pressure ; Blood tests ; Body mass ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - complications ; Carotid arteries ; Carotid Arteries - physiopathology ; Carotid artery ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Cytokines ; Cytometry ; Diabetes ; Elasticity ; Female ; Flow cytometry ; Gender ; Growth factors ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunoassay ; Inflammation ; Insulin resistance ; Linear Models ; Male ; Markers ; Medicine ; Metabolic syndrome ; Microparticles ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Obesity ; Obesity - complications ; Obesity - metabolism ; Obesity - physiopathology ; Plasma levels ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Structure-function relationships ; Ultrasound ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53972-e53972</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Moore et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Moore et al 2013 Moore et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e53db5226cd2b010708c0fb8f9ffe22709f9098c7f11cd9271c6eb892ac7e7ad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e53db5226cd2b010708c0fb8f9ffe22709f9098c7f11cd9271c6eb892ac7e7ad3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546965/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546965/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23868,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23342053$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>López-Lluch, Guillermo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Moore, Xiao L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michell, Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sabrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skilton, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nair, Rajesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, John B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dart, Anthony M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chin-Dusting, Jaye</creatorcontrib><title>Increased carotid intima-media thickness and reduced distensibility in human class III obesity: independent and differential influences of adiposity and blood pressure on the vasculature</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (distensibility), structural and functional properties of carotid arteries respectively, are early markers, as well as strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The characteristic of these two parameters in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) (Class III obesity), however, are largely unknown. The present study was designed to document cIMT and distensibility in this population and to relate these to other factors with established association with CVD in obesity. The study included 96 subjects (65 with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) and 31, age- and gender-matched, with BMI of 18.5 to 30.0 kg/m(2)). cIMT and distensibility were measured by non-invasive high resolution ultrasonography, circulatory CD133(+)/KDR(+) angiogenic cells and endothelial microparticles (EMP) by flow cytometry, and plasma levels of adipokines, growth factors and cytokines by Luminex immunoassay kits. The study results demonstrated increased cIMT (0.62±0.11 mm vs. 0.54±0.08 mm, P = 0.0002) and reduced distensibility (22.52±10.79 10(-3)kpa(-1)vs. 29.91±12.37 10(-3)kpa(-1), P<0.05) in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). Both cIMT and distensibility were significantly associated with traditional CVD risk factors, adiposity/adipokines and inflammatory markers but had no association with circulating angiogenic cells. We also demonstrated, for the first time, elevated plasma EMP levels in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). In conclusion, cIMT is increased and distensibility reduced in Class III obesity with the changes predominantly related to conventional CVD risk factors present in this condition, demonstrating that both cIMT and distensibility remain as CVD markers in Class III obesity.</description><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Adiposity</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Arteries</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Bioindicators</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Blood tests</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - complications</subject><subject>Carotid arteries</subject><subject>Carotid Arteries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Carotid artery</subject><subject>Carotid Intima-Media Thickness</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytometry</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Elasticity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Microparticles</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Physiologic</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Obesity - metabolism</subject><subject>Obesity - physiopathology</subject><subject>Plasma levels</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Structure-function relationships</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk21rFDEQxxdRbK1-A9GAIPrizjzsoy-EUnxYKBR8ehuyyexdai65Jtliv5qfzrnrtfSkL2Rhd5P5zX8mM5mieM7onImGvTsPU_TKzdfBw5zSSnQNf1Acsk7wWc2peHjn_6B4ktL5Bmrr-nFxwIUoOa4Oiz-91xFUAkO0iiFbQ6zPdqVmKzBWkby0-peHlIjyhkQwk0bU2JTBJztYZ_MVepDltFKeaKeQ7PuehAESmt6jzcAa8OXzVsLYcYSIK6scGkc3gdeQSBiJMnYdNl5bcHAhGLKOGHuKQILHXIBcqqQnpzJuPS0ejcoleLb7HhU_Pn38fvJldnr2uT85Pp3puuN5BpUwQ8V5rQ0fKKMNbTUdh3bsMBHOG9qNHe1a3YyMadPxhukahrbjSjfQKCOOipfXumsXktyVPUkmeMOrijGBRH9NmKDO5Tpi-eKVDMrK7UaIC6littqBHNq2HHRJ64azkoHCDnGjBaVdOYwKOGp92EWbBmyBxkpF5fZE9y3eLuUiXEpRlXVXVyjwZicQw8UEKcuVTRqcUx7ChHnzRrSM0Y4h-uof9P7T7aiFwgNgywLG1RtReVw2La9qWnZIze-h8DGwshrv6Ghxf8_h7Z4DMhl-54WaUpL9t6__z5793Gdf32GXoFxepuCmbINP-2B5DeoYUoow3haZUbkZsZtqyM2Iyd2IoduLuw26dbqZKfEXSFAldw</recordid><startdate>20130116</startdate><enddate>20130116</enddate><creator>Moore, Xiao L</creator><creator>Michell, Danielle</creator><creator>Lee, Sabrina</creator><creator>Skilton, Michael R</creator><creator>Nair, Rajesh</creator><creator>Dixon, John B</creator><creator>Dart, Anthony M</creator><creator>Chin-Dusting, Jaye</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130116</creationdate><title>Increased carotid intima-media thickness and reduced distensibility in human class III obesity: independent and differential influences of adiposity and blood pressure on the vasculature</title><author>Moore, Xiao L ; Michell, Danielle ; Lee, Sabrina ; Skilton, Michael R ; Nair, Rajesh ; Dixon, John B ; Dart, Anthony M ; Chin-Dusting, Jaye</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e53db5226cd2b010708c0fb8f9ffe22709f9098c7f11cd9271c6eb892ac7e7ad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adipose tissue</topic><topic>Adiposity</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Arteries</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Bioindicators</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Blood tests</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - complications</topic><topic>Carotid arteries</topic><topic>Carotid Arteries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Carotid artery</topic><topic>Carotid Intima-Media Thickness</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytometry</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Elasticity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Immunoassay</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Microparticles</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Neovascularization, Physiologic</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - complications</topic><topic>Obesity - metabolism</topic><topic>Obesity - physiopathology</topic><topic>Plasma levels</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Structure-function relationships</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Moore, Xiao L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michell, Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sabrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skilton, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nair, Rajesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, John B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dart, Anthony M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chin-Dusting, Jaye</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Moore, Xiao L</au><au>Michell, Danielle</au><au>Lee, Sabrina</au><au>Skilton, Michael R</au><au>Nair, Rajesh</au><au>Dixon, John B</au><au>Dart, Anthony M</au><au>Chin-Dusting, Jaye</au><au>López-Lluch, Guillermo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased carotid intima-media thickness and reduced distensibility in human class III obesity: independent and differential influences of adiposity and blood pressure on the vasculature</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-01-16</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e53972</spage><epage>e53972</epage><pages>e53972-e53972</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (distensibility), structural and functional properties of carotid arteries respectively, are early markers, as well as strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The characteristic of these two parameters in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) (Class III obesity), however, are largely unknown. The present study was designed to document cIMT and distensibility in this population and to relate these to other factors with established association with CVD in obesity. The study included 96 subjects (65 with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2) and 31, age- and gender-matched, with BMI of 18.5 to 30.0 kg/m(2)). cIMT and distensibility were measured by non-invasive high resolution ultrasonography, circulatory CD133(+)/KDR(+) angiogenic cells and endothelial microparticles (EMP) by flow cytometry, and plasma levels of adipokines, growth factors and cytokines by Luminex immunoassay kits. The study results demonstrated increased cIMT (0.62±0.11 mm vs. 0.54±0.08 mm, P = 0.0002) and reduced distensibility (22.52±10.79 10(-3)kpa(-1)vs. 29.91±12.37 10(-3)kpa(-1), P<0.05) in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). Both cIMT and distensibility were significantly associated with traditional CVD risk factors, adiposity/adipokines and inflammatory markers but had no association with circulating angiogenic cells. We also demonstrated, for the first time, elevated plasma EMP levels in individuals with BMI>40.0 kg/m(2). In conclusion, cIMT is increased and distensibility reduced in Class III obesity with the changes predominantly related to conventional CVD risk factors present in this condition, demonstrating that both cIMT and distensibility remain as CVD markers in Class III obesity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23342053</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0053972</doi><tpages>e53972</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53972-e53972 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1327255113 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adipose tissue Adiposity Age Angiogenesis Arteries Atherosclerosis Bioindicators Biology Biomarkers Blood Pressure Blood tests Body mass Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - complications Carotid arteries Carotid Arteries - physiopathology Carotid artery Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Cytokines Cytometry Diabetes Elasticity Female Flow cytometry Gender Growth factors Heart Humans Hypertension Immunoassay Inflammation Insulin resistance Linear Models Male Markers Medicine Metabolic syndrome Microparticles Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Neovascularization, Physiologic Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - metabolism Obesity - physiopathology Plasma levels Risk analysis Risk Factors Structure-function relationships Ultrasound Womens health |
| title | Increased carotid intima-media thickness and reduced distensibility in human class III obesity: independent and differential influences of adiposity and blood pressure on the vasculature |
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