The sequential aerosol technique: a major component in an integrated strategy of intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana
An integrated strategy of intervention against tsetse flies was implemented in the Upper West Region of Ghana (9.62°-11.00° N, 1.40°-2.76° W), covering an area of ≈18,000 km(2) within the framework of the Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign. Two species were targeted: Glossina...
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description | An integrated strategy of intervention against tsetse flies was implemented in the Upper West Region of Ghana (9.62°-11.00° N, 1.40°-2.76° W), covering an area of ≈18,000 km(2) within the framework of the Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign. Two species were targeted: Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis gambiensis.
The objectives were to test the potentiality of the sequential aerosol technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) of the total sprayed area (6,745 km(2)) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy including ground spraying (≈100 km(2)), insecticide treated targets (20,000) and insecticide treated cattle (45,000) in sustaining the results of tsetse suppression in the whole intervention area. The aerial application of low-dosage deltamethrin aerosols (0.33-0.35 g a.i/ha) was conducted along the three main rivers using five custom designed fixed-wings Turbo thrush aircraft. The impact of SAT on tsetse densities was monitored using 30 biconical traps deployed from two weeks before until two weeks after the operations. Results of the SAT monitoring indicated an overall reduction rate of 98% (from a pre-intervention mean apparent density per trap per day (ADT) of 16.7 to 0.3 at the end of the fourth and last cycle). One year after the SAT operations, a second survey using 200 biconical traps set in 20 sites during 3 weeks was conducted throughout the intervention area to measure the impact of the integrated control strategy. Both target species were still detected, albeit at very low densities (ADT of 0.27 inside sprayed blocks and 0.10 outside sprayed blocks).
The SAT operations failed to achieve elimination in the monitored section, but the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of suppression throughout the intervention area, which will contribute to improving animal health, increasing animal production and fostering food security. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002135 |
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The objectives were to test the potentiality of the sequential aerosol technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) of the total sprayed area (6,745 km(2)) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy including ground spraying (≈100 km(2)), insecticide treated targets (20,000) and insecticide treated cattle (45,000) in sustaining the results of tsetse suppression in the whole intervention area. The aerial application of low-dosage deltamethrin aerosols (0.33-0.35 g a.i/ha) was conducted along the three main rivers using five custom designed fixed-wings Turbo thrush aircraft. The impact of SAT on tsetse densities was monitored using 30 biconical traps deployed from two weeks before until two weeks after the operations. Results of the SAT monitoring indicated an overall reduction rate of 98% (from a pre-intervention mean apparent density per trap per day (ADT) of 16.7 to 0.3 at the end of the fourth and last cycle). One year after the SAT operations, a second survey using 200 biconical traps set in 20 sites during 3 weeks was conducted throughout the intervention area to measure the impact of the integrated control strategy. Both target species were still detected, albeit at very low densities (ADT of 0.27 inside sprayed blocks and 0.10 outside sprayed blocks).
The SAT operations failed to achieve elimination in the monitored section, but the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of suppression throughout the intervention area, which will contribute to improving animal health, increasing animal production and fostering food security.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002135</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23516662</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Cattle ; Control ; Costs ; Disease Eradication ; Disease Vectors ; Environmental aspects ; Food supply ; Freshwater ; Ghana ; Glossina ; Health aspects ; Insect Control - methods ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - administration & dosage ; Intervention ; Livestock ; Medicine ; Nitriles - administration & dosage ; Population Density ; Pyrethrins - administration & dosage ; Rivers ; Trypanosomiasis, African - prevention & control ; Tsetse Flies - drug effects ; Tsetse Flies - growth & development ; Tsetse-flies ; Vegetation ; Veterinary Science</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013-03, Vol.7 (3), p.e2135</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Adam et al 2013 Adam et al</rights><rights>2013 Adam et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Adam Y, Cecchi G, Kgori PM, Marcotty T, Mahama CI, et al. (2013) The Sequential Aerosol Technique: A Major Component in an Integrated Strategy of Intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(3): e2135. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002135</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-e9b1491b1905fe7f3331872b83751b809a42895fba865d071bda77d96079902f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-e9b1491b1905fe7f3331872b83751b809a42895fba865d071bda77d96079902f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3597491/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3597491/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23516662$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Valenzuela, Jesus G.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Adam, Yahaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cecchi, Giuliano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kgori, Patrick M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcotty, Tanguy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahama, Charles I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abavana, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Benita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paone, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattioli, Raffaele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouyer, Jérémy</creatorcontrib><title>The sequential aerosol technique: a major component in an integrated strategy of intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>An integrated strategy of intervention against tsetse flies was implemented in the Upper West Region of Ghana (9.62°-11.00° N, 1.40°-2.76° W), covering an area of ≈18,000 km(2) within the framework of the Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign. Two species were targeted: Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis gambiensis.
The objectives were to test the potentiality of the sequential aerosol technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) of the total sprayed area (6,745 km(2)) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy including ground spraying (≈100 km(2)), insecticide treated targets (20,000) and insecticide treated cattle (45,000) in sustaining the results of tsetse suppression in the whole intervention area. The aerial application of low-dosage deltamethrin aerosols (0.33-0.35 g a.i/ha) was conducted along the three main rivers using five custom designed fixed-wings Turbo thrush aircraft. The impact of SAT on tsetse densities was monitored using 30 biconical traps deployed from two weeks before until two weeks after the operations. Results of the SAT monitoring indicated an overall reduction rate of 98% (from a pre-intervention mean apparent density per trap per day (ADT) of 16.7 to 0.3 at the end of the fourth and last cycle). One year after the SAT operations, a second survey using 200 biconical traps set in 20 sites during 3 weeks was conducted throughout the intervention area to measure the impact of the integrated control strategy. Both target species were still detected, albeit at very low densities (ADT of 0.27 inside sprayed blocks and 0.10 outside sprayed blocks).
The SAT operations failed to achieve elimination in the monitored section, but the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of suppression throughout the intervention area, which will contribute to improving animal health, increasing animal production and fostering food security.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Disease Eradication</subject><subject>Disease Vectors</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Ghana</subject><subject>Glossina</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Insect Control - methods</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Nitriles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Pyrethrins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, African - prevention & control</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - drug effects</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - growth & development</subject><subject>Tsetse-flies</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Veterinary Science</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QDgngzYz6apvFCWBZdFxYEGa9DmqZthjYZk8zA3vjbPZ2ZXWZAAkk5ec7bk3PeonhL8JIwQT6vwzZ6PS43PrdLjDEljD8rLolkfEEF489Pvi-KVymtMeaS1-RlcUEZJ1VV0cvi72qwKNk_W-uz0yPSNoYURpStGbyD8Bek0aTXISITpk3wwCHnkfawZ9tHnW2LUp7P_gGFbh-Ou1kuANZr51NGv9zORuctWiWbk50Vbgft9eviRafHZN8cz6vi9_dvq5sfi_uft3c31_cLU1GZF1Y2pJSkIRLzzoqOMUZqQZuaCU6aGktd0lryrtF1xVssSNNqIVpZYSElph27Kt4fdDdjSOrYuqQIo4KWQHAg7g5EG_RabaKbdHxQQTu1D4TYKx2zM6NVLdGlrEldalhtZWpCDKi0wkhipaSg9fX4t20z2dZAM6Iez0TPb7wbVB92inEp4J0g8OkoEAPMIGU1uWTsOGpvw3Zfd81JSSkG9MMB7TWU5nwXQNHMuLpmtGJQqZRALf9DwWrt5AxMtXMQP0v4eJIwWD3mAXyxnaeazsHyABowToq2e3omwWo26mO31WxUdTQqpL07bdFT0qMz2T9k1OYE</recordid><startdate>20130301</startdate><enddate>20130301</enddate><creator>Adam, Yahaya</creator><creator>Cecchi, Giuliano</creator><creator>Kgori, Patrick M</creator><creator>Marcotty, Tanguy</creator><creator>Mahama, Charles I</creator><creator>Abavana, Martin</creator><creator>Anderson, Benita</creator><creator>Paone, Massimo</creator><creator>Mattioli, Raffaele</creator><creator>Bouyer, Jérémy</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130301</creationdate><title>The sequential aerosol technique: a major component in an integrated strategy of intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana</title><author>Adam, Yahaya ; 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Two species were targeted: Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis gambiensis.
The objectives were to test the potentiality of the sequential aerosol technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) of the total sprayed area (6,745 km(2)) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy including ground spraying (≈100 km(2)), insecticide treated targets (20,000) and insecticide treated cattle (45,000) in sustaining the results of tsetse suppression in the whole intervention area. The aerial application of low-dosage deltamethrin aerosols (0.33-0.35 g a.i/ha) was conducted along the three main rivers using five custom designed fixed-wings Turbo thrush aircraft. The impact of SAT on tsetse densities was monitored using 30 biconical traps deployed from two weeks before until two weeks after the operations. Results of the SAT monitoring indicated an overall reduction rate of 98% (from a pre-intervention mean apparent density per trap per day (ADT) of 16.7 to 0.3 at the end of the fourth and last cycle). One year after the SAT operations, a second survey using 200 biconical traps set in 20 sites during 3 weeks was conducted throughout the intervention area to measure the impact of the integrated control strategy. Both target species were still detected, albeit at very low densities (ADT of 0.27 inside sprayed blocks and 0.10 outside sprayed blocks).
The SAT operations failed to achieve elimination in the monitored section, but the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of suppression throughout the intervention area, which will contribute to improving animal health, increasing animal production and fostering food security.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23516662</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0002135</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aerosols Agricultural production Agriculture Animals Cattle Control Costs Disease Eradication Disease Vectors Environmental aspects Food supply Freshwater Ghana Glossina Health aspects Insect Control - methods Insecticides Insecticides - administration & dosage Intervention Livestock Medicine Nitriles - administration & dosage Population Density Pyrethrins - administration & dosage Rivers Trypanosomiasis, African - prevention & control Tsetse Flies - drug effects Tsetse Flies - growth & development Tsetse-flies Vegetation Veterinary Science |
title | The sequential aerosol technique: a major component in an integrated strategy of intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana |
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