The response of dark septate endophytes (DSE) to heavy metals in pure culture
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) occur widely in association with plants exposed to heavy metal stress. However, little is known about the response of DSE exposed to heavy metals. In this study, five DSE were isolated from the roots of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. seedlings growing on lead-zinc mine tail...
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| description | Dark septate endophytes (DSE) occur widely in association with plants exposed to heavy metal stress. However, little is known about the response of DSE exposed to heavy metals. In this study, five DSE were isolated from the roots of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. seedlings growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses, the isolates were identified as Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Phialophora mustea, Exophiala salmonis, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. G. cylindrosporus was selected to explore responses to Pb stress. Scanning electron microscopic observations of G. cylindrosporus grown on solid medium revealed curling of hyphae and formation of hyphal coils in response to Pb. In contrast, in liquid medium, hyphae became thick and swollen with an increase in Pb (II) concentration. We interpret that these changes are related to the variation in cell wall components. We also demonstrated that fungal melanin content increased with the addition of Pb(II). Melanin, as an important component in the cell wall, is known to be an essential antioxidant responsible for decreasing heavy metal toxicity. We also measured the total soluble protein content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in G. cylindrosporus and found that they initially increased and then decreased with the increase of Pb(II) concentrations. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also examined, and the results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly positively correlated with Pb(II) concentrations (r = 0.957, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0047968 |
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However, little is known about the response of DSE exposed to heavy metals. In this study, five DSE were isolated from the roots of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. seedlings growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses, the isolates were identified as Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Phialophora mustea, Exophiala salmonis, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. G. cylindrosporus was selected to explore responses to Pb stress. Scanning electron microscopic observations of G. cylindrosporus grown on solid medium revealed curling of hyphae and formation of hyphal coils in response to Pb. In contrast, in liquid medium, hyphae became thick and swollen with an increase in Pb (II) concentration. We interpret that these changes are related to the variation in cell wall components. We also demonstrated that fungal melanin content increased with the addition of Pb(II). Melanin, as an important component in the cell wall, is known to be an essential antioxidant responsible for decreasing heavy metal toxicity. We also measured the total soluble protein content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in G. cylindrosporus and found that they initially increased and then decreased with the increase of Pb(II) concentrations. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also examined, and the results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly positively correlated with Pb(II) concentrations (r = 0.957, P<0.001). Collectively, our observations indicate that the intracellular antioxidant systems, especially fungal melanin, play an important role in abating the hazards of heavy metals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047968</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23118914</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants (Nutrients) ; Antioxidants - metabolism ; Aspergillus niger ; Astragalus Plant - microbiology ; Axenic Culture ; Biology ; Catalase - metabolism ; Cell culture ; Cell walls ; Chemistry ; Coiling ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA sequencing ; DNA, Fungal - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics ; Endophytes ; Endophytes - drug effects ; Endophytes - genetics ; Endophytes - growth & development ; Endophytes - metabolism ; Environmental impact ; Enzymes ; Flowers & plants ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; Fungi ; Glutathione ; Glutathione - metabolism ; Hazards ; Heavy metals ; Hyphae ; Hyphae - drug effects ; Hyphae - genetics ; Hyphae - growth & development ; Hyphae - metabolism ; Lead ; Lead - pharmacology ; Life sciences ; Melanin ; Melanins - metabolism ; Metals ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mine tailings ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Typing ; Morphology ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Nucleotide sequence ; Oxidative stress ; Phylogeny ; Physical characteristics ; Pure culture ; Saccharomycetales - drug effects ; Saccharomycetales - genetics ; Saccharomycetales - growth & development ; Saccharomycetales - metabolism ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Seedlings ; Soil contamination ; Soil Pollutants - pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological ; Studies ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; Superoxides ; Toxicity ; Zinc ; Zinc mining</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47968</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Ban et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2012 Ban et al 2012 Ban et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-673d1d5efa0daade642a4665752fcacf429738374f6879659513fceb215f78d33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-673d1d5efa0daade642a4665752fcacf429738374f6879659513fceb215f78d33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485351/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485351/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118914$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ban, Yihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zhouying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Haihan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yurong</creatorcontrib><title>The response of dark septate endophytes (DSE) to heavy metals in pure culture</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Dark septate endophytes (DSE) occur widely in association with plants exposed to heavy metal stress. However, little is known about the response of DSE exposed to heavy metals. In this study, five DSE were isolated from the roots of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. seedlings growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses, the isolates were identified as Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Phialophora mustea, Exophiala salmonis, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. G. cylindrosporus was selected to explore responses to Pb stress. Scanning electron microscopic observations of G. cylindrosporus grown on solid medium revealed curling of hyphae and formation of hyphal coils in response to Pb. In contrast, in liquid medium, hyphae became thick and swollen with an increase in Pb (II) concentration. We interpret that these changes are related to the variation in cell wall components. We also demonstrated that fungal melanin content increased with the addition of Pb(II). Melanin, as an important component in the cell wall, is known to be an essential antioxidant responsible for decreasing heavy metal toxicity. We also measured the total soluble protein content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in G. cylindrosporus and found that they initially increased and then decreased with the increase of Pb(II) concentrations. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also examined, and the results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly positively correlated with Pb(II) concentrations (r = 0.957, P<0.001). Collectively, our observations indicate that the intracellular antioxidant systems, especially fungal melanin, play an important role in abating the hazards of heavy metals.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants (Nutrients)</subject><subject>Antioxidants - metabolism</subject><subject>Aspergillus niger</subject><subject>Astragalus Plant - microbiology</subject><subject>Axenic Culture</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Coiling</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>DNA, Fungal - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</subject><subject>Endophytes</subject><subject>Endophytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Endophytes - genetics</subject><subject>Endophytes - growth & development</subject><subject>Endophytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione - metabolism</subject><subject>Hazards</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hyphae</subject><subject>Hyphae - drug effects</subject><subject>Hyphae - genetics</subject><subject>Hyphae - growth & development</subject><subject>Hyphae - metabolism</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead - pharmacology</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Melanin</subject><subject>Melanins - metabolism</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Mine tailings</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Molecular Typing</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Mycological Typing Techniques</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>Pure culture</subject><subject>Saccharomycetales - drug effects</subject><subject>Saccharomycetales - genetics</subject><subject>Saccharomycetales - growth & development</subject><subject>Saccharomycetales - metabolism</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>Superoxides</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc mining</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1Uk1vEzEUtBCItoF_gMASl3JI8PeuL0hVKVCpiAPlbDne52TDZr21vZXy73HItmokkA_Pep4Zz7MHoTeULCiv6MdNGGNvu8UQelgQIiqt6mfolGrO5ooR_vzJ_gSdpbQhRPJaqZfohHFKa03FKfp-uwYcIRWVBDh43Nj4GycYss2AoW_CsN5lSPj888-rDzgHvAZ7v8NbyLZLuO3xMEbAbuxyqa_QC1_a8HqqM_Try9Xt5bf5zY-v15cXN3OnpM5zVfGGNhK8JY21DSjBrFBKVpJ5Z50XTFe85pXwqi5jSS0p9w6WjEpf1Q3nM_TuoDt0IZnpJZKhnCmpGFd7xPUB0QS7MUNstzbuTLCt-dsIcWVszK3rwDgNzAuhy5sshaylVl5RwQUh9ZJpu9f6NN02LrfQOOhztN2R6PFJ367NKtwbLmrJi_cZej8JxHA3Qsr_sTyhVra4ansfipjbtsmZC1EpXb6OkIJa_ANVVgPb1pUs-Lb0jwjiQHAxpBTBPxqnxOyT9GDG7JNkpiQV2tunQz-SHqLD_wC6mMQH</recordid><startdate>20121031</startdate><enddate>20121031</enddate><creator>Ban, Yihui</creator><creator>Tang, Ming</creator><creator>Chen, Hui</creator><creator>Xu, Zhouying</creator><creator>Zhang, Haihan</creator><creator>Yang, Yurong</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121031</creationdate><title>The response of dark septate endophytes (DSE) to heavy metals in pure culture</title><author>Ban, Yihui ; Tang, Ming ; Chen, Hui ; Xu, Zhouying ; Zhang, Haihan ; Yang, Yurong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-673d1d5efa0daade642a4665752fcacf429738374f6879659513fceb215f78d33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants (Nutrients)</topic><topic>Antioxidants - metabolism</topic><topic>Aspergillus niger</topic><topic>Astragalus Plant - microbiology</topic><topic>Axenic Culture</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Coiling</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA sequencing</topic><topic>DNA, Fungal - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</topic><topic>Endophytes</topic><topic>Endophytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Endophytes - genetics</topic><topic>Endophytes - growth & development</topic><topic>Endophytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione - metabolism</topic><topic>Hazards</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hyphae</topic><topic>Hyphae - drug effects</topic><topic>Hyphae - genetics</topic><topic>Hyphae - 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However, little is known about the response of DSE exposed to heavy metals. In this study, five DSE were isolated from the roots of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. seedlings growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses, the isolates were identified as Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, Phialophora mustea, Exophiala salmonis, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. G. cylindrosporus was selected to explore responses to Pb stress. Scanning electron microscopic observations of G. cylindrosporus grown on solid medium revealed curling of hyphae and formation of hyphal coils in response to Pb. In contrast, in liquid medium, hyphae became thick and swollen with an increase in Pb (II) concentration. We interpret that these changes are related to the variation in cell wall components. We also demonstrated that fungal melanin content increased with the addition of Pb(II). Melanin, as an important component in the cell wall, is known to be an essential antioxidant responsible for decreasing heavy metal toxicity. We also measured the total soluble protein content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in G. cylindrosporus and found that they initially increased and then decreased with the increase of Pb(II) concentrations. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also examined, and the results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly positively correlated with Pb(II) concentrations (r = 0.957, P<0.001). Collectively, our observations indicate that the intracellular antioxidant systems, especially fungal melanin, play an important role in abating the hazards of heavy metals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23118914</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0047968</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47968 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Antioxidants Antioxidants (Nutrients) Antioxidants - metabolism Aspergillus niger Astragalus Plant - microbiology Axenic Culture Biology Catalase - metabolism Cell culture Cell walls Chemistry Coiling Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA sequencing DNA, Fungal - genetics DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics Endophytes Endophytes - drug effects Endophytes - genetics Endophytes - growth & development Endophytes - metabolism Environmental impact Enzymes Flowers & plants Fungal Proteins - metabolism Fungi Glutathione Glutathione - metabolism Hazards Heavy metals Hyphae Hyphae - drug effects Hyphae - genetics Hyphae - growth & development Hyphae - metabolism Lead Lead - pharmacology Life sciences Melanin Melanins - metabolism Metals Microbial Sensitivity Tests Mine tailings Molecular Sequence Data Molecular Typing Morphology Mycological Typing Techniques Nucleotide sequence Oxidative stress Phylogeny Physical characteristics Pure culture Saccharomycetales - drug effects Saccharomycetales - genetics Saccharomycetales - growth & development Saccharomycetales - metabolism Scanning electron microscopy Seedlings Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - pharmacology Stress, Physiological Studies Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Superoxides Toxicity Zinc Zinc mining |
| title | The response of dark septate endophytes (DSE) to heavy metals in pure culture |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-06T16%3A07%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20response%20of%20dark%20septate%20endophytes%20(DSE)%20to%20heavy%20metals%20in%20pure%20culture&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ban,%20Yihui&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e47968&rft.pages=e47968-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047968&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476986600%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1326562363&rft_id=info:pmid/23118914&rft_galeid=A476986600&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c9e2f449311b458596f61434008b29a3&rfr_iscdi=true |