Cognition in males and females with autism: similarities and differences
The male bias in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has led to females with ASC being under-researched. This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and em...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47198-e47198 |
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| creator | Lai, Meng-Chuan Lombardo, Michael V Ruigrok, Amber N V Chakrabarti, Bhismadev Wheelwright, Sally J Auyeung, Bonnie Allison, Carrie Baron-Cohen, Simon |
| description | The male bias in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has led to females with ASC being under-researched. This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and emotion perception, executive function, perceptual attention to detail, and motor function) in ASC, to test for similarities and differences between males and females with and without ASC (n = 128 adults; n = 32 per group). In the mentalizing and facial emotion perception domain, males and females with ASC showed similar deficits compared to neurotypical controls. However, in attention to detail and dexterity involving executive function, although males with ASC showed poorer performance relative to neurotypical males, females with ASC performed comparably to neurotypical females. We conclude that performance in the social-cognitive domain is equally impaired in male and female adults with ASC. However, in specific non-social cognitive domains, performance within ASC depends on sex. This suggests that in specific domains, cognitive profiles in ASC are modulated by sex. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0047198 |
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This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and emotion perception, executive function, perceptual attention to detail, and motor function) in ASC, to test for similarities and differences between males and females with and without ASC (n = 128 adults; n = 32 per group). In the mentalizing and facial emotion perception domain, males and females with ASC showed similar deficits compared to neurotypical controls. However, in attention to detail and dexterity involving executive function, although males with ASC showed poorer performance relative to neurotypical males, females with ASC performed comparably to neurotypical females. We conclude that performance in the social-cognitive domain is equally impaired in male and female adults with ASC. However, in specific non-social cognitive domains, performance within ASC depends on sex. This suggests that in specific domains, cognitive profiles in ASC are modulated by sex.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23094036</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Analogies ; Analysis ; Attention ; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ; Autism ; Autistic Disorder - genetics ; Autistic Disorder - physiopathology ; Autistic Disorder - psychology ; Behavior ; Bias ; Biology ; Brain research ; Care and treatment ; Case-Control Studies ; Children & youth ; Cognition ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Consortia ; Emotional Intelligence - genetics ; Emotions ; Executive Function ; Female ; Females ; Gender differences ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Girls ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Intellectual disabilities ; Language disorders ; Male ; Males ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity - genetics ; Perception ; Psychiatry ; Sex ; Sex differences (Biology) ; Sex Factors ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Social Behavior ; Studies ; Theory of Mind</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47198-e47198</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>Lai et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2012 Lai et al 2012 Lai et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bbf0709c46c5be9906898eea7713914974da16eeb6f8a3fa57a028a55559af123</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3474800/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3474800/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23094036$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lai, Meng-Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lombardo, Michael V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruigrok, Amber N V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chakrabarti, Bhismadev</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wheelwright, Sally J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auyeung, Bonnie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allison, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baron-Cohen, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MRC AIMS Consortium</creatorcontrib><title>Cognition in males and females with autism: similarities and differences</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The male bias in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has led to females with ASC being under-researched. This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and emotion perception, executive function, perceptual attention to detail, and motor function) in ASC, to test for similarities and differences between males and females with and without ASC (n = 128 adults; n = 32 per group). In the mentalizing and facial emotion perception domain, males and females with ASC showed similar deficits compared to neurotypical controls. However, in attention to detail and dexterity involving executive function, although males with ASC showed poorer performance relative to neurotypical males, females with ASC performed comparably to neurotypical females. We conclude that performance in the social-cognitive domain is equally impaired in male and female adults with ASC. However, in specific non-social cognitive domains, performance within ASC depends on sex. This suggests that in specific domains, cognitive profiles in ASC are modulated by sex.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analogies</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - genetics</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - physiopathology</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Consortia</subject><subject>Emotional Intelligence - genetics</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Executive Function</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Genetic Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intellectual disabilities</subject><subject>Language disorders</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor Activity - 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This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ASC. In this study we investigate four key cognitive domains (mentalizing and emotion perception, executive function, perceptual attention to detail, and motor function) in ASC, to test for similarities and differences between males and females with and without ASC (n = 128 adults; n = 32 per group). In the mentalizing and facial emotion perception domain, males and females with ASC showed similar deficits compared to neurotypical controls. However, in attention to detail and dexterity involving executive function, although males with ASC showed poorer performance relative to neurotypical males, females with ASC performed comparably to neurotypical females. We conclude that performance in the social-cognitive domain is equally impaired in male and female adults with ASC. However, in specific non-social cognitive domains, performance within ASC depends on sex. This suggests that in specific domains, cognitive profiles in ASC are modulated by sex.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23094036</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0047198</doi><tpages>e47198</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Age Analogies Analysis Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autism Autistic Disorder - genetics Autistic Disorder - physiopathology Autistic Disorder - psychology Behavior Bias Biology Brain research Care and treatment Case-Control Studies Children & youth Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Consortia Emotional Intelligence - genetics Emotions Executive Function Female Females Gender differences Genetic Heterogeneity Girls Health aspects Humans Intellectual disabilities Language disorders Male Males Medicine Middle Aged Motor Activity - genetics Perception Psychiatry Sex Sex differences (Biology) Sex Factors Social and Behavioral Sciences Social Behavior Studies Theory of Mind |
| title | Cognition in males and females with autism: similarities and differences |
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