Effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on germination and early growth of eleven wetland plants
The increasing commercial production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has led to concerns over the potential adverse impacts of these ENPs on biota in natural environments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used ENPs and are expected to enter natural ecosystems. Here we exami...
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| description | The increasing commercial production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has led to concerns over the potential adverse impacts of these ENPs on biota in natural environments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used ENPs and are expected to enter natural ecosystems. Here we examined the effects of AgNPs on germination and growth of eleven species of common wetland plants. We examined plant responses to AgNP exposure in simple pure culture experiments (direct exposure) and for seeds planted in homogenized field soils in a greenhouse experiment (soil exposure). We compared the effects of two AgNPs-20-nm polyvinylpyrrolidine-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) and 6-nm gum arabic coated silver nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs)-to the effects of AgNO(3) exposure added at equivalent Ag concentrations (1, 10 or 40 mg Ag L(-1)). In the direct exposure experiments, PVP-AgNP had no effect on germination while 40 mg Ag L(-1) GA-AgNP exposure significantly reduced the germination rate of three species and enhanced the germination rate of one species. In contrast, 40 mg Ag L(-1) AgNO(3) enhanced the germination rate of five species. In general root growth was much more affected by Ag exposure than was leaf growth. The magnitude of inhibition was always greater for GA-AgNPs than for AgNO(3) and PVP-AgNPs. In the soil exposure experiment, germination effects were less pronounced. The plant growth response differed by taxa with Lolium multiflorum growing more rapidly under both AgNO(3) and GA-AgNP exposures and all other taxa having significantly reduced growth under GA-AgNP exposure. AgNO(3) did not reduce the growth of any species while PVP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of only one species. Our findings suggest important new avenues of research for understanding the fate and transport of NPs in natural media, the interactions between NPs and plants, and indirect and direct effects of NPs in mixed plant communities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0047674 |
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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used ENPs and are expected to enter natural ecosystems. Here we examined the effects of AgNPs on germination and growth of eleven species of common wetland plants. We examined plant responses to AgNP exposure in simple pure culture experiments (direct exposure) and for seeds planted in homogenized field soils in a greenhouse experiment (soil exposure). We compared the effects of two AgNPs-20-nm polyvinylpyrrolidine-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) and 6-nm gum arabic coated silver nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs)-to the effects of AgNO(3) exposure added at equivalent Ag concentrations (1, 10 or 40 mg Ag L(-1)). In the direct exposure experiments, PVP-AgNP had no effect on germination while 40 mg Ag L(-1) GA-AgNP exposure significantly reduced the germination rate of three species and enhanced the germination rate of one species. In contrast, 40 mg Ag L(-1) AgNO(3) enhanced the germination rate of five species. In general root growth was much more affected by Ag exposure than was leaf growth. The magnitude of inhibition was always greater for GA-AgNPs than for AgNO(3) and PVP-AgNPs. In the soil exposure experiment, germination effects were less pronounced. The plant growth response differed by taxa with Lolium multiflorum growing more rapidly under both AgNO(3) and GA-AgNP exposures and all other taxa having significantly reduced growth under GA-AgNP exposure. AgNO(3) did not reduce the growth of any species while PVP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of only one species. Our findings suggest important new avenues of research for understanding the fate and transport of NPs in natural media, the interactions between NPs and plants, and indirect and direct effects of NPs in mixed plant communities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047674</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23091638</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Biology ; Biomass ; Biota ; Chemistry ; Coating effects ; Environmental aspects ; Exposure ; Flowers & plants ; Germination ; Germination - drug effects ; Greenhouse effect ; Growth ; Inhibition ; Materials Science ; Media (culture) ; Media (transport) ; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Plant communities ; Plant growth ; Plant populations ; Plant sciences ; Plants ; Plants (botany) ; Polyvinyls - chemistry ; Polyvinyls - pharmacology ; Pure culture ; Seeds ; Silver ; Silver - chemistry ; Soil - chemistry ; Species ; Statistics ; Taxa ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47674</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>Yin et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2012 Yin et al 2012 Yin et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-e7cfe63e6dbc24ee4aae7a7226ab048d1683bdd7c1429246524c18e2aae2e00b3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473015/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473015/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yin, Liyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colman, Benjamin P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGill, Bonnie M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, Justin P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernhardt, Emily S</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on germination and early growth of eleven wetland plants</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The increasing commercial production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has led to concerns over the potential adverse impacts of these ENPs on biota in natural environments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used ENPs and are expected to enter natural ecosystems. Here we examined the effects of AgNPs on germination and growth of eleven species of common wetland plants. We examined plant responses to AgNP exposure in simple pure culture experiments (direct exposure) and for seeds planted in homogenized field soils in a greenhouse experiment (soil exposure). We compared the effects of two AgNPs-20-nm polyvinylpyrrolidine-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) and 6-nm gum arabic coated silver nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs)-to the effects of AgNO(3) exposure added at equivalent Ag concentrations (1, 10 or 40 mg Ag L(-1)). In the direct exposure experiments, PVP-AgNP had no effect on germination while 40 mg Ag L(-1) GA-AgNP exposure significantly reduced the germination rate of three species and enhanced the germination rate of one species. In contrast, 40 mg Ag L(-1) AgNO(3) enhanced the germination rate of five species. In general root growth was much more affected by Ag exposure than was leaf growth. The magnitude of inhibition was always greater for GA-AgNPs than for AgNO(3) and PVP-AgNPs. In the soil exposure experiment, germination effects were less pronounced. The plant growth response differed by taxa with Lolium multiflorum growing more rapidly under both AgNO(3) and GA-AgNP exposures and all other taxa having significantly reduced growth under GA-AgNP exposure. AgNO(3) did not reduce the growth of any species while PVP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of only one species. Our findings suggest important new avenues of research for understanding the fate and transport of NPs in natural media, the interactions between NPs and plants, and indirect and direct effects of NPs in mixed plant communities.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Coating effects</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Germination - drug effects</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Media (culture)</subject><subject>Media (transport)</subject><subject>Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant populations</subject><subject>Plant sciences</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Plants (botany)</subject><subject>Polyvinyls - chemistry</subject><subject>Polyvinyls - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pure culture</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Silver</subject><subject>Silver - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Wetlands</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLguDFjPlq2rkRlmXVgYUFv25jmp50MnSSmqSzu__e1OkuU1CQQBKS531zcniz7CVGS0xL_H7rBm9lt-ydhSVCrOQle5Sd4hUlC04QfXy0P8mehbBFqKAV50-zE0LRCnNanWY_L7UGFUPudB5MtwefW2ldL300qoMcbnsXBg-5s3kLfmesjCbtpW1ykL67y1vvbuJm1EMHe7D5DcRuvO7THMPz7ImWXYAX03qWff94-e3i8-Lq-tP64vxqocqiigsolQZOgTe1IgyASQmlLAnhskasajCvaN00pcKMrAjjBWEKV0ASRgChmp5lrw--feeCmJoTBKaEFxzRFUnE-kA0Tm5F781O-jvhpBF_DpxvxfRrwSoka6WRKlDFVKHqCmuZVihqKLRGyevD9NpQ76BRYKOX3cx0fmPNRrRuLygrKcJFMngzGXj3a4AQ_1HyRLUyVWWsdslM7UxQ4pytKlJUBI3FLP9CpdHAzqgUD23S-UzwbiZITITb2MohBLH--uX_2esfc_btEbsB2cVNcN0wJibMQXYAlXcheNAPncNIjOm-74YY0y2mdCfZq-OuP4ju40x_A6zY9z8</recordid><startdate>20121016</startdate><enddate>20121016</enddate><creator>Yin, Liyan</creator><creator>Colman, Benjamin P</creator><creator>McGill, Bonnie M</creator><creator>Wright, Justin P</creator><creator>Bernhardt, Emily S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121016</creationdate><title>Effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on germination and early growth of eleven wetland plants</title><author>Yin, Liyan ; Colman, Benjamin P ; McGill, Bonnie M ; Wright, Justin P ; Bernhardt, Emily S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-e7cfe63e6dbc24ee4aae7a7226ab048d1683bdd7c1429246524c18e2aae2e00b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Biota</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Coating effects</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Germination - 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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used ENPs and are expected to enter natural ecosystems. Here we examined the effects of AgNPs on germination and growth of eleven species of common wetland plants. We examined plant responses to AgNP exposure in simple pure culture experiments (direct exposure) and for seeds planted in homogenized field soils in a greenhouse experiment (soil exposure). We compared the effects of two AgNPs-20-nm polyvinylpyrrolidine-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) and 6-nm gum arabic coated silver nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs)-to the effects of AgNO(3) exposure added at equivalent Ag concentrations (1, 10 or 40 mg Ag L(-1)). In the direct exposure experiments, PVP-AgNP had no effect on germination while 40 mg Ag L(-1) GA-AgNP exposure significantly reduced the germination rate of three species and enhanced the germination rate of one species. In contrast, 40 mg Ag L(-1) AgNO(3) enhanced the germination rate of five species. In general root growth was much more affected by Ag exposure than was leaf growth. The magnitude of inhibition was always greater for GA-AgNPs than for AgNO(3) and PVP-AgNPs. In the soil exposure experiment, germination effects were less pronounced. The plant growth response differed by taxa with Lolium multiflorum growing more rapidly under both AgNO(3) and GA-AgNP exposures and all other taxa having significantly reduced growth under GA-AgNP exposure. AgNO(3) did not reduce the growth of any species while PVP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of only one species. Our findings suggest important new avenues of research for understanding the fate and transport of NPs in natural media, the interactions between NPs and plants, and indirect and direct effects of NPs in mixed plant communities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23091638</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0047674</doi><tpages>e47674</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Biology Biomass Biota Chemistry Coating effects Environmental aspects Exposure Flowers & plants Germination Germination - drug effects Greenhouse effect Growth Inhibition Materials Science Media (culture) Media (transport) Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry Nanoparticles Plant communities Plant growth Plant populations Plant sciences Plants Plants (botany) Polyvinyls - chemistry Polyvinyls - pharmacology Pure culture Seeds Silver Silver - chemistry Soil - chemistry Species Statistics Taxa Wetlands |
| title | Effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on germination and early growth of eleven wetland plants |
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