The shape of the urine stream--from biophysics to diagnostics
We develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is u...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47133-e47133 |
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| creator | Wheeler, Andrew P S Morad, Samir Buchholz, Noor Knight, Martin M |
| description | We develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (± 2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. The results show that self measurement of the shape of the urine stream can be a useful diagnostic tool for medical practitioners since it provides a non-invasive method of measuring urine flow rate and urethral dilation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0047133 |
| format | Article |
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The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (± 2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. The results show that self measurement of the shape of the urine stream can be a useful diagnostic tool for medical practitioners since it provides a non-invasive method of measuring urine flow rate and urethral dilation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047133</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23091609</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Analysis ; Biology ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Capillary flow ; Capillary waves ; Clinical trials ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Computer applications ; Computer Simulation ; Diagnostic software ; Diagnostic systems ; Engineering ; Engineering schools ; Flow velocity ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid mechanics ; Fluids ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Male ; Materials science ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Patients ; Physics ; Prostate ; Reynolds number ; Surface tension ; Urine ; Urodynamics ; Urology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e47133-e47133</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>Wheeler et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2012 Wheeler et al 2012 Wheeler et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ca8f105c13402ce6e857d1210ee0d0d5175ae79333b5113b7a1585b21f88c66a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473049/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473049/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091609$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Secomb, Timothy W.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wheeler, Andrew P S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morad, Samir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buchholz, Noor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knight, Martin M</creatorcontrib><title>The shape of the urine stream--from biophysics to diagnostics</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (± 2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. 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One</addtitle><date>2012-10-16</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e47133</spage><epage>e47133</epage><pages>e47133-e47133</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (± 2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. The results show that self measurement of the shape of the urine stream can be a useful diagnostic tool for medical practitioners since it provides a non-invasive method of measuring urine flow rate and urethral dilation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23091609</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0047133</doi><tpages>e47133</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Analysis Biology Biophysical Phenomena Biophysics Capillary flow Capillary waves Clinical trials Computational fluid dynamics Computer applications Computer Simulation Diagnostic software Diagnostic systems Engineering Engineering schools Flow velocity Fluid dynamics Fluid mechanics Fluids Humans Hydrodynamics Male Materials science Medicine Middle Aged Models, Theoretical Patients Physics Prostate Reynolds number Surface tension Urine Urodynamics Urology Young Adult |
| title | The shape of the urine stream--from biophysics to diagnostics |
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