Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with having high blood pressure in postmenopausal women: observational cohort study
The relationship between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and cardiovascular risk remains controversial, with a number of studies advocating the use of MHT in reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases, while others have shown it to increase risk. The aim of this study was to determine the association...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-07, Vol.7 (7), p.e40260 |
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| description | The relationship between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and cardiovascular risk remains controversial, with a number of studies advocating the use of MHT in reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases, while others have shown it to increase risk. The aim of this study was to determine the association between menopausal hormone therapy and high blood pressure.
A total of 43,405 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Baseline data for these women were sourced from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, a large scale study of healthy ageing. These women reported being postmenopausal, having an intact uterus, and had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure prior to menopause. Odds ratios for the association between MHT use and having high blood pressure were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by age ( |
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A total of 43,405 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Baseline data for these women were sourced from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, a large scale study of healthy ageing. These women reported being postmenopausal, having an intact uterus, and had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure prior to menopause. Odds ratios for the association between MHT use and having high blood pressure were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by age (<56 years, 56-61 years, 62-70 years and over 71 years) and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. MHT use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure: past menopausal hormone therapy use: <56 years (adjusted odds ratio 1.59, 99% confidence interval 1.15 to 2.20); 56-61 years (1.58, 1.31 to 1.90); 62-70 years (1.26, 1.10 to 1.44). Increased duration of hormone use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure, with the effect of hormone therapy use diminishing with increasing age.
Menopausal hormone therapy use is associated with significantly higher odds of having high blood pressure, and the odds increase with increased duration of use. High blood pressure should be conveyed as a health risk for people considering MHT use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040260</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22808129</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age Distribution ; Aged ; Analysis ; Blood ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence intervals ; Demographics ; Demography ; Endocrine therapy ; Female ; Health ; Health risks ; Heart diseases ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Hormone Replacement Therapy - adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - etiology ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Observational studies ; Odds Ratio ; Post-menopause ; Postmenopausal women ; Postmenopause - physiology ; Pressure effects ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Risk reduction ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Therapy ; Uterus ; Women's health ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-07, Vol.7 (7), p.e40260</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Chiu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Chiu et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2f3d762286d840c8077ade9ee59f4f6e06cb6764df2803c20490d30c3a881e373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2f3d762286d840c8077ade9ee59f4f6e06cb6764df2803c20490d30c3a881e373</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394783/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394783/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22808129$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Jose, Pedro A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chiu, Christine L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lujic, Sanja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thornton, Charlene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Loughlin, Aiden</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makris, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hennessy, Annemarie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lind, Joanne M</creatorcontrib><title>Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with having high blood pressure in postmenopausal women: observational cohort study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The relationship between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and cardiovascular risk remains controversial, with a number of studies advocating the use of MHT in reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases, while others have shown it to increase risk. The aim of this study was to determine the association between menopausal hormone therapy and high blood pressure.
A total of 43,405 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Baseline data for these women were sourced from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, a large scale study of healthy ageing. These women reported being postmenopausal, having an intact uterus, and had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure prior to menopause. Odds ratios for the association between MHT use and having high blood pressure were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by age (<56 years, 56-61 years, 62-70 years and over 71 years) and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. MHT use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure: past menopausal hormone therapy use: <56 years (adjusted odds ratio 1.59, 99% confidence interval 1.15 to 2.20); 56-61 years (1.58, 1.31 to 1.90); 62-70 years (1.26, 1.10 to 1.44). Increased duration of hormone use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure, with the effect of hormone therapy use diminishing with increasing age.
Menopausal hormone therapy use is associated with significantly higher odds of having high blood pressure, and the odds increase with increased duration of use. High blood pressure should be conveyed as a health risk for people considering MHT use.</description><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Endocrine therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Hormone replacement therapy</subject><subject>Hormone Replacement Therapy - adverse effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - etiology</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Post-menopause</subject><subject>Postmenopausal women</subject><subject>Postmenopause - physiology</subject><subject>Pressure effects</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Risk reduction</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><subject>Uterus</subject><subject>Women's health</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluL1DAUx4so7rr6DUQDguDDjLlN2vogLIuXgZUFb68hTU_bDG3TTdJZB_zwZpzuOgUFyUNuv_M_Jyf_JHlK8JKwlLze2NH1ql0OtoclxhxTge8lpyRndCEoZveP1ifJI-83GK9YJsTD5ITSDGeE5qfJz0_Q20GNXrWosa6LYig04NSwQ8Yj5b3VRgUo0Y0JDWrU1vQ1akzdoKK1tkSDA-9HB8j0aLA-dH_0bmzcvEG28OC2Khgby0XaxjQB-TCWu8fJg0q1Hp5M81ny7f27rxcfF5dXH9YX55cLLXIaFrRiZSpizaLMONYZTlNVQg6wyiteCcBCFyIVvKzis5immOe4ZFgzlWUEWMrOkucH3aG1Xk6N85IwuuK5YFkeifWBKK3ayMGZTrmdtMrI3wfW1VK5YHQLkvIsL1a6SDUnnLK0EEVGhKYU4gWscNR6O2Ubiw5KDX1wqp2Jzm9608jabiVjOU8zFgVeTALOXo_gwz9KnqhaxapMX9kopjvjtTznaUoIY0JEavkXKo4SOqPjb1cmns8CXs0CIhPgR6jjl3q5_vL5_9mr73P25RHbgGpD42077m3h5yA_gNpZ7x1Ud50jWO6df9sNuXe-nJwfw54dd_0u6Nbq7BfYzwAT</recordid><startdate>20120711</startdate><enddate>20120711</enddate><creator>Chiu, Christine L</creator><creator>Lujic, Sanja</creator><creator>Thornton, Charlene</creator><creator>O'Loughlin, Aiden</creator><creator>Makris, Angela</creator><creator>Hennessy, Annemarie</creator><creator>Lind, Joanne M</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120711</creationdate><title>Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with having high blood pressure in postmenopausal women: observational cohort study</title><author>Chiu, Christine L ; Lujic, Sanja ; Thornton, Charlene ; O'Loughlin, Aiden ; Makris, Angela ; Hennessy, Annemarie ; Lind, Joanne M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-2f3d762286d840c8077ade9ee59f4f6e06cb6764df2803c20490d30c3a881e373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Endocrine therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>Hormone replacement therapy</topic><topic>Hormone Replacement Therapy - 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The aim of this study was to determine the association between menopausal hormone therapy and high blood pressure.
A total of 43,405 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Baseline data for these women were sourced from the 45 and Up Study, Australia, a large scale study of healthy ageing. These women reported being postmenopausal, having an intact uterus, and had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure prior to menopause. Odds ratios for the association between MHT use and having high blood pressure were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by age (<56 years, 56-61 years, 62-70 years and over 71 years) and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. MHT use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure: past menopausal hormone therapy use: <56 years (adjusted odds ratio 1.59, 99% confidence interval 1.15 to 2.20); 56-61 years (1.58, 1.31 to 1.90); 62-70 years (1.26, 1.10 to 1.44). Increased duration of hormone use was associated with higher odds of having high blood pressure, with the effect of hormone therapy use diminishing with increasing age.
Menopausal hormone therapy use is associated with significantly higher odds of having high blood pressure, and the odds increase with increased duration of use. High blood pressure should be conveyed as a health risk for people considering MHT use.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22808129</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0040260</doi><tpages>e40260</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Age Distribution Aged Analysis Blood Blood pressure Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Confidence intervals Demographics Demography Endocrine therapy Female Health Health risks Heart diseases Hormone replacement therapy Hormone Replacement Therapy - adverse effects Humans Hypertension Hypertension - etiology Medical research Medicine Menopause Middle Aged Observational studies Odds Ratio Post-menopause Postmenopausal women Postmenopause - physiology Pressure effects Risk Risk Factors Risk reduction Statistical analysis Studies Therapy Uterus Women's health Womens health |
| title | Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with having high blood pressure in postmenopausal women: observational cohort study |
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