Factors affecting hatch success of hawksbill sea turtles on Long Island, Antigua, West Indies
Current understanding of the factors influencing hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatch success is disparate and based on relatively short-term studies or limited sample sizes. Because global populations of hawksbills are heavily depleted, evaluating the parameters that impact hatch suc...
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| description | Current understanding of the factors influencing hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatch success is disparate and based on relatively short-term studies or limited sample sizes. Because global populations of hawksbills are heavily depleted, evaluating the parameters that impact hatch success is important to their conservation and recovery. Here, we use data collected by the Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project (JBHP) to investigate hatch success. The JBHP implements saturation tagging protocols to study a hawksbill rookery in Antigua, West Indies. Habitat data, which reflect the varied nesting beaches, are collected at egg deposition, and nest contents are exhumed and categorized post-emergence. We analyzed hatch success using mixed-model analyses with explanatory and predictive datasets. We incorporated a random effect for turtle identity and evaluated environmental, temporal and individual-based reproductive variables. Hatch success averaged 78.6% (SD: 21.2%) during the study period. Highly supported models included multiple covariates, including distance to vegetation, deposition date, individual intra-seasonal nest number, clutch size, organic content, and sand grain size. Nests located in open sand were predicted to produce 10.4 more viable hatchlings per clutch than nests located >1.5 m into vegetation. For an individual first nesting in early July, the fourth nest of the season yielded 13.2 more viable hatchlings than the initial clutch. Generalized beach section and inter-annual variation were also supported in our explanatory dataset, suggesting that gaps remain in our understanding of hatch success. Our findings illustrate that evaluating hatch success is a complex process, involving multiple environmental and individual variables. Although distance to vegetation and hatch success were inversely related, vegetation is an important component of hawksbill nesting habitat, and a more complete assessment of the impacts of specific vegetation types on hatch success and hatchling sex ratios is needed. Future research should explore the roles of sand structure, nest moisture, and local weather conditions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0038472 |
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Because global populations of hawksbills are heavily depleted, evaluating the parameters that impact hatch success is important to their conservation and recovery. Here, we use data collected by the Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project (JBHP) to investigate hatch success. The JBHP implements saturation tagging protocols to study a hawksbill rookery in Antigua, West Indies. Habitat data, which reflect the varied nesting beaches, are collected at egg deposition, and nest contents are exhumed and categorized post-emergence. We analyzed hatch success using mixed-model analyses with explanatory and predictive datasets. We incorporated a random effect for turtle identity and evaluated environmental, temporal and individual-based reproductive variables. Hatch success averaged 78.6% (SD: 21.2%) during the study period. Highly supported models included multiple covariates, including distance to vegetation, deposition date, individual intra-seasonal nest number, clutch size, organic content, and sand grain size. Nests located in open sand were predicted to produce 10.4 more viable hatchlings per clutch than nests located >1.5 m into vegetation. For an individual first nesting in early July, the fourth nest of the season yielded 13.2 more viable hatchlings than the initial clutch. Generalized beach section and inter-annual variation were also supported in our explanatory dataset, suggesting that gaps remain in our understanding of hatch success. Our findings illustrate that evaluating hatch success is a complex process, involving multiple environmental and individual variables. Although distance to vegetation and hatch success were inversely related, vegetation is an important component of hawksbill nesting habitat, and a more complete assessment of the impacts of specific vegetation types on hatch success and hatchling sex ratios is needed. Future research should explore the roles of sand structure, nest moisture, and local weather conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038472</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22802928</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Annual variations ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Aquatic reptiles ; Beaches ; Biology ; Caretta caretta ; Caribbean Region ; Chelonia mydas ; Climate change ; Clutch Size ; Clutches ; Conservation ; Data recovery ; Deposition ; Dermochelys coriacea ; Ecosystem ; Eretmochelys imbricata ; Female ; Habitats ; Interannual variability ; Juveniles ; Nesting ; Nesting Behavior ; Nests ; Oceans and Seas ; Reptiles & amphibians ; Sand ; Sea turtles ; Studies ; Tagging ; Turtles - physiology ; Vegetation ; Weather ; Weather conditions ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-07, Vol.7 (7), p.e38472-e38472</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Ditmer, Stapleton. 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Because global populations of hawksbills are heavily depleted, evaluating the parameters that impact hatch success is important to their conservation and recovery. Here, we use data collected by the Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project (JBHP) to investigate hatch success. The JBHP implements saturation tagging protocols to study a hawksbill rookery in Antigua, West Indies. Habitat data, which reflect the varied nesting beaches, are collected at egg deposition, and nest contents are exhumed and categorized post-emergence. We analyzed hatch success using mixed-model analyses with explanatory and predictive datasets. We incorporated a random effect for turtle identity and evaluated environmental, temporal and individual-based reproductive variables. Hatch success averaged 78.6% (SD: 21.2%) during the study period. Highly supported models included multiple covariates, including distance to vegetation, deposition date, individual intra-seasonal nest number, clutch size, organic content, and sand grain size. Nests located in open sand were predicted to produce 10.4 more viable hatchlings per clutch than nests located >1.5 m into vegetation. For an individual first nesting in early July, the fourth nest of the season yielded 13.2 more viable hatchlings than the initial clutch. Generalized beach section and inter-annual variation were also supported in our explanatory dataset, suggesting that gaps remain in our understanding of hatch success. Our findings illustrate that evaluating hatch success is a complex process, involving multiple environmental and individual variables. Although distance to vegetation and hatch success were inversely related, vegetation is an important component of hawksbill nesting habitat, and a more complete assessment of the impacts of specific vegetation types on hatch success and hatchling sex ratios is needed. Future research should explore the roles of sand structure, nest moisture, and local weather conditions.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Annual variations</subject><subject>Antigua and Barbuda</subject><subject>Aquatic reptiles</subject><subject>Beaches</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Caretta caretta</subject><subject>Caribbean Region</subject><subject>Chelonia mydas</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Clutch Size</subject><subject>Clutches</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Data recovery</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Dermochelys coriacea</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Eretmochelys imbricata</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Interannual variability</subject><subject>Juveniles</subject><subject>Nesting</subject><subject>Nesting Behavior</subject><subject>Nests</subject><subject>Oceans and Seas</subject><subject>Reptiles & amphibians</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Sea turtles</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tagging</subject><subject>Turtles - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ditmer, Mark Allan</au><au>Stapleton, Seth Patrick</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Factors affecting hatch success of hawksbill sea turtles on Long Island, Antigua, West Indies</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2012-07-03</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e38472</spage><epage>e38472</epage><pages>e38472-e38472</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Current understanding of the factors influencing hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatch success is disparate and based on relatively short-term studies or limited sample sizes. Because global populations of hawksbills are heavily depleted, evaluating the parameters that impact hatch success is important to their conservation and recovery. Here, we use data collected by the Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project (JBHP) to investigate hatch success. The JBHP implements saturation tagging protocols to study a hawksbill rookery in Antigua, West Indies. Habitat data, which reflect the varied nesting beaches, are collected at egg deposition, and nest contents are exhumed and categorized post-emergence. We analyzed hatch success using mixed-model analyses with explanatory and predictive datasets. We incorporated a random effect for turtle identity and evaluated environmental, temporal and individual-based reproductive variables. Hatch success averaged 78.6% (SD: 21.2%) during the study period. Highly supported models included multiple covariates, including distance to vegetation, deposition date, individual intra-seasonal nest number, clutch size, organic content, and sand grain size. Nests located in open sand were predicted to produce 10.4 more viable hatchlings per clutch than nests located >1.5 m into vegetation. For an individual first nesting in early July, the fourth nest of the season yielded 13.2 more viable hatchlings than the initial clutch. Generalized beach section and inter-annual variation were also supported in our explanatory dataset, suggesting that gaps remain in our understanding of hatch success. Our findings illustrate that evaluating hatch success is a complex process, involving multiple environmental and individual variables. Although distance to vegetation and hatch success were inversely related, vegetation is an important component of hawksbill nesting habitat, and a more complete assessment of the impacts of specific vegetation types on hatch success and hatchling sex ratios is needed. Future research should explore the roles of sand structure, nest moisture, and local weather conditions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22802928</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0038472</doi><tpages>e38472</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Animal behavior Animals Annual variations Antigua and Barbuda Aquatic reptiles Beaches Biology Caretta caretta Caribbean Region Chelonia mydas Climate change Clutch Size Clutches Conservation Data recovery Deposition Dermochelys coriacea Ecosystem Eretmochelys imbricata Female Habitats Interannual variability Juveniles Nesting Nesting Behavior Nests Oceans and Seas Reptiles & amphibians Sand Sea turtles Studies Tagging Turtles - physiology Vegetation Weather Weather conditions Wildlife conservation |
| title | Factors affecting hatch success of hawksbill sea turtles on Long Island, Antigua, West Indies |
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