Choosy moral punishers
The punishment of social misconduct is a powerful mechanism for stabilizing high levels of cooperation among unrelated individuals. It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled "universal structure of human moralit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39002-e39002 |
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| creator | Clavien, Christine Tanner, Colby J Clément, Fabrice Chapuisat, Michel |
| description | The punishment of social misconduct is a powerful mechanism for stabilizing high levels of cooperation among unrelated individuals. It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled "universal structure of human morality" or "pure aversion to social betrayal". Here we present evidence that, contrary to this hypothesis, the propensity to punish a moral norm violator varies among participants with different career trajectories. In anonymous real-life conditions, future teachers punished a talented but immoral young violinist: they voted against her in an important music competition when they had been informed of her previous blatant misconduct toward fellow violin students. In contrast, future police officers and high school students did not punish. This variation among socio-professional categories indicates that the punishment of norm violators is not entirely explained by an aversion to social betrayal. We suggest that context specificity plays an important role in normative behaviour; people seem inclined to enforce social norms only in situations that are familiar, relevant for their social category, and possibly strategically advantageous. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0039002 |
| format | Article |
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It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled "universal structure of human morality" or "pure aversion to social betrayal". Here we present evidence that, contrary to this hypothesis, the propensity to punish a moral norm violator varies among participants with different career trajectories. In anonymous real-life conditions, future teachers punished a talented but immoral young violinist: they voted against her in an important music competition when they had been informed of her previous blatant misconduct toward fellow violin students. In contrast, future police officers and high school students did not punish. This variation among socio-professional categories indicates that the punishment of norm violators is not entirely explained by an aversion to social betrayal. We suggest that context specificity plays an important role in normative behaviour; people seem inclined to enforce social norms only in situations that are familiar, relevant for their social category, and possibly strategically advantageous.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22720012</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Altruism ; Anthropology ; Aversion ; Behavior ; Careers ; Cooperation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Decision making ; Ecology ; Ethical aspects ; Ethics ; Evolution ; High school students ; High schools ; Human behavior ; Humans ; Morality ; Morals ; Motivation ; Musicians ; Norms ; Personality ; Police ; Police officers ; Punishment ; Realism ; Reputations ; Sanctions ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Social Behavior ; Social norms ; Social psychology ; Students ; Teachers ; Third party ; Violations</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39002-e39002</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Clavien et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled "universal structure of human morality" or "pure aversion to social betrayal". Here we present evidence that, contrary to this hypothesis, the propensity to punish a moral norm violator varies among participants with different career trajectories. In anonymous real-life conditions, future teachers punished a talented but immoral young violinist: they voted against her in an important music competition when they had been informed of her previous blatant misconduct toward fellow violin students. In contrast, future police officers and high school students did not punish. This variation among socio-professional categories indicates that the punishment of norm violators is not entirely explained by an aversion to social betrayal. We suggest that context specificity plays an important role in normative behaviour; people seem inclined to enforce social norms only in situations that are familiar, relevant for their social category, and possibly strategically advantageous.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Altruism</subject><subject>Anthropology</subject><subject>Aversion</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Careers</subject><subject>Cooperation</subject><subject>Cooperative Behavior</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ethical aspects</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>High school students</subject><subject>High schools</subject><subject>Human 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It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled "universal structure of human morality" or "pure aversion to social betrayal". Here we present evidence that, contrary to this hypothesis, the propensity to punish a moral norm violator varies among participants with different career trajectories. In anonymous real-life conditions, future teachers punished a talented but immoral young violinist: they voted against her in an important music competition when they had been informed of her previous blatant misconduct toward fellow violin students. In contrast, future police officers and high school students did not punish. This variation among socio-professional categories indicates that the punishment of norm violators is not entirely explained by an aversion to social betrayal. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Altruism Anthropology Aversion Behavior Careers Cooperation Cooperative Behavior Decision making Ecology Ethical aspects Ethics Evolution High school students High schools Human behavior Humans Morality Morals Motivation Musicians Norms Personality Police Police officers Punishment Realism Reputations Sanctions Social and Behavioral Sciences Social Behavior Social norms Social psychology Students Teachers Third party Violations |
| title | Choosy moral punishers |
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