Variable carbon catabolism among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. It causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. S. Typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonali...
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| description | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. It causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. S. Typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonality. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of S. Typhi in its human host during acute and chronic infections remain largely unknown and are therefore the main objective of this study.
To obtain insight into the intracellular lifestyle of S. Typhi, a high-throughput phenotypic microarray was employed to characterise the catabolic capacity of 190 carbon sources in S. Typhi strains. The success of this study lies in the carefully selected library of S. Typhi strains, including strains from two geographically distinct areas of typhoid endemicity, an asymptomatic human carrier, clinical stools and blood samples and sewage-contaminated rivers. An extremely low carbon catabolic capacity (27% of 190 carbon substrates) was observed among the strains. The carbon catabolic profiles appeared to suggest that S. Typhi strains survived well on carbon subtrates that are found abundantly in the human body but not in others. The strains could not utilise plant-associated carbon substrates. In addition, α-glycerolphosphate, glycerol, L-serine, pyruvate and lactate served as better carbon sources to monosaccharides in the S. Typhi strains tested.
The carbon catabolic profiles suggest that S. Typhi could survive and persist well in the nutrient depleted metabolic niches in the human host but not in the environment outside of the host. These findings serve as caveats for future studies to understand how carbon catabolism relates to the pathogenesis and transmission of this pathogen. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0036201 |
| format | Article |
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To obtain insight into the intracellular lifestyle of S. Typhi, a high-throughput phenotypic microarray was employed to characterise the catabolic capacity of 190 carbon sources in S. Typhi strains. The success of this study lies in the carefully selected library of S. Typhi strains, including strains from two geographically distinct areas of typhoid endemicity, an asymptomatic human carrier, clinical stools and blood samples and sewage-contaminated rivers. An extremely low carbon catabolic capacity (27% of 190 carbon substrates) was observed among the strains. The carbon catabolic profiles appeared to suggest that S. Typhi strains survived well on carbon subtrates that are found abundantly in the human body but not in others. The strains could not utilise plant-associated carbon substrates. In addition, α-glycerolphosphate, glycerol, L-serine, pyruvate and lactate served as better carbon sources to monosaccharides in the S. Typhi strains tested.
The carbon catabolic profiles suggest that S. Typhi could survive and persist well in the nutrient depleted metabolic niches in the human host but not in the environment outside of the host. These findings serve as caveats for future studies to understand how carbon catabolism relates to the pathogenesis and transmission of this pathogen.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036201</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22662115</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology ; Carbon ; Carbon - metabolism ; Carbon sources ; Carboxylic Acids - metabolism ; Catabolism ; Cell growth ; Cluster Analysis ; Disease transmission ; Epidemics ; Fatty acids ; Fever ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Gallbladder ; Gene expression ; Glycerol ; Glycerophosphates - metabolism ; Graduate studies ; Health aspects ; Infection ; Infections ; Intracellular ; L-Serine ; Laboratories ; Lactic acid ; Lactic Acid - metabolism ; Medicine ; Metabolism ; Metabolome ; Monosaccharides ; Motility ; Nucleosides - metabolism ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogens ; Phenotype ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Pyruvic acid ; Pyruvic Acid - metabolism ; Rivers ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Typhi ; Salmonella typhi - isolation & purification ; Salmonella typhi - metabolism ; Salmonella Typhimurium ; Science ; Serine - metabolism ; Sewage ; Studies ; Substrates ; Typhoid ; Typhoid fever ; Urine ; Water pollution ; Waterborne diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e36201-e36201</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Chai et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Chai et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-21f0633412f6450ad61cc53f255374a256b99f920e89021a632d00b9e6e13c0e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-21f0633412f6450ad61cc53f255374a256b99f920e89021a632d00b9e6e13c0e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3360705/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3360705/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22662115$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chai, Lay Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Boon Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elemfareji, Omar Ismail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thong, Kwai Lin</creatorcontrib><title>Variable carbon catabolism among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. It causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. S. Typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonality. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of S. Typhi in its human host during acute and chronic infections remain largely unknown and are therefore the main objective of this study.
To obtain insight into the intracellular lifestyle of S. Typhi, a high-throughput phenotypic microarray was employed to characterise the catabolic capacity of 190 carbon sources in S. Typhi strains. The success of this study lies in the carefully selected library of S. Typhi strains, including strains from two geographically distinct areas of typhoid endemicity, an asymptomatic human carrier, clinical stools and blood samples and sewage-contaminated rivers. An extremely low carbon catabolic capacity (27% of 190 carbon substrates) was observed among the strains. The carbon catabolic profiles appeared to suggest that S. Typhi strains survived well on carbon subtrates that are found abundantly in the human body but not in others. The strains could not utilise plant-associated carbon substrates. In addition, α-glycerolphosphate, glycerol, L-serine, pyruvate and lactate served as better carbon sources to monosaccharides in the S. Typhi strains tested.
The carbon catabolic profiles suggest that S. Typhi could survive and persist well in the nutrient depleted metabolic niches in the human host but not in the environment outside of the host. These findings serve as caveats for future studies to understand how carbon catabolism relates to the pathogenesis and transmission of this pathogen.</description><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbon sources</subject><subject>Carboxylic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Catabolism</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Gallbladder</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Glycerol</subject><subject>Glycerophosphates - metabolism</subject><subject>Graduate studies</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intracellular</subject><subject>L-Serine</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolome</subject><subject>Monosaccharides</subject><subject>Motility</subject><subject>Nucleosides - metabolism</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Pyruvic acid</subject><subject>Pyruvic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Salmonella Typhi</subject><subject>Salmonella typhi - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Salmonella typhi - metabolism</subject><subject>Salmonella Typhimurium</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Serine - metabolism</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Typhoid</subject><subject>Typhoid fever</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Waterborne diseases</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl9r2zAUxc3YWLts32BshsHYHpJdSbZcvwxK2Z-wQmHt-iqu5etEQbZSyS7rt5-yuCUefRjCXCH97pF1dJLkNYMFEwX7tHGD79Autq6jBYCQHNiT5JiVgs_jXDw9mB8lL0LYAOTiRMrnyRHnUnLG8uPkxzV6g5WlVKOvXBdLj5WzJrQptq5bpZdoYyVrMaWuJ280poG8u0WfXt1t1yY1wVnsKbxMnjVoA70a6yz59fXL1dn3-fnFt-XZ6flcy5L3c84akEJkjDcyywFrybTORcPzXBQZ8lxWZdmUHOikBM5QCl4DVCVJYkIDiVnydq-7tS6o0YegmOA5sPjJSCz3RO1wo7betOjvlEOj_i44v1Loe6MtKahrnQFHpus6Y1VTUkZlQUXDa0FC7rQ-j6cNVUu1jiZ4tBPR6U5n1mrlbpUQEopo-Sz5MAp4dzNQ6FVrgt4Z2pEb4n8DO5ECspxF9N0_6OO3G6kVxguYrnHxXL0TVadZUUDGCigjtXiEiqOm1uj4oo2J65OGj5OGyPT0u1_hEIJaXv78f_biesq-P2DXhLZfx8QMvXFdmILZHtTeheCpeTCZgdpl_t4Ntcu8GjMf294cPtBD033IxR9f7vp1</recordid><startdate>20120525</startdate><enddate>20120525</enddate><creator>Chai, Lay Ching</creator><creator>Kong, Boon Hong</creator><creator>Elemfareji, Omar Ismail</creator><creator>Thong, Kwai Lin</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120525</creationdate><title>Variable carbon catabolism among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates</title><author>Chai, Lay Ching ; Kong, Boon Hong ; Elemfareji, Omar Ismail ; Thong, Kwai Lin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-21f0633412f6450ad61cc53f255374a256b99f920e89021a632d00b9e6e13c0e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon - 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Typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. It causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. S. Typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonality. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of S. Typhi in its human host during acute and chronic infections remain largely unknown and are therefore the main objective of this study.
To obtain insight into the intracellular lifestyle of S. Typhi, a high-throughput phenotypic microarray was employed to characterise the catabolic capacity of 190 carbon sources in S. Typhi strains. The success of this study lies in the carefully selected library of S. Typhi strains, including strains from two geographically distinct areas of typhoid endemicity, an asymptomatic human carrier, clinical stools and blood samples and sewage-contaminated rivers. An extremely low carbon catabolic capacity (27% of 190 carbon substrates) was observed among the strains. The carbon catabolic profiles appeared to suggest that S. Typhi strains survived well on carbon subtrates that are found abundantly in the human body but not in others. The strains could not utilise plant-associated carbon substrates. In addition, α-glycerolphosphate, glycerol, L-serine, pyruvate and lactate served as better carbon sources to monosaccharides in the S. Typhi strains tested.
The carbon catabolic profiles suggest that S. Typhi could survive and persist well in the nutrient depleted metabolic niches in the human host but not in the environment outside of the host. These findings serve as caveats for future studies to understand how carbon catabolism relates to the pathogenesis and transmission of this pathogen.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22662115</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0036201</doi><tpages>e36201</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biology Carbon Carbon - metabolism Carbon sources Carboxylic Acids - metabolism Catabolism Cell growth Cluster Analysis Disease transmission Epidemics Fatty acids Fever Food contamination & poisoning Gallbladder Gene expression Glycerol Glycerophosphates - metabolism Graduate studies Health aspects Infection Infections Intracellular L-Serine Laboratories Lactic acid Lactic Acid - metabolism Medicine Metabolism Metabolome Monosaccharides Motility Nucleosides - metabolism Pathogenesis Pathogens Phenotype Polymerase chain reaction Pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid - metabolism Rivers Salmonella Salmonella Typhi Salmonella typhi - isolation & purification Salmonella typhi - metabolism Salmonella Typhimurium Science Serine - metabolism Sewage Studies Substrates Typhoid Typhoid fever Urine Water pollution Waterborne diseases |
| title | Variable carbon catabolism among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates |
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