High adherence is necessary to realize health gains from water quality interventions
Safe drinking water is critical for health. Household water treatment (HWT) has been recommended for improving access to potable water where existing sources are unsafe. Reports of low adherence to HWT may limit the usefulness of this approach, however. We constructed a quantitative microbial risk m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e36735 |
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| creator | Brown, Joe Clasen, Thomas |
| description | Safe drinking water is critical for health. Household water treatment (HWT) has been recommended for improving access to potable water where existing sources are unsafe. Reports of low adherence to HWT may limit the usefulness of this approach, however.
We constructed a quantitative microbial risk model to predict gains in health attributable to water quality interventions based on a range of assumptions about pre-treatment water quality; treatment effectiveness in reducing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites; adherence to treatment interventions; volume of water consumed per person per day; and other variables. According to mean estimates, greater than 500 DALYs may be averted per 100,000 person-years with increased access to safe water, assuming moderately poor pre-treatment water quality that is a source of risk and high treatment adherence (>90% of water consumed is treated). A decline in adherence from 100% to 90% reduces predicted health gains by up to 96%, with sharpest declines when pre-treatment water quality is of higher risk.
Results suggest that high adherence is essential in order to realize potential health gains from HWT. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0036735 |
| format | Article |
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Results suggest that high adherence is essential in order to realize potential health gains from HWT.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036735</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22586491</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adhesion ; Analysis ; Bacteria ; Biology ; Campylobacter jejuni - pathogenicity ; Chemical contaminants ; Chlorine ; Cryptosporidium - pathogenicity ; Diarrhea ; Disease control ; Drinking water ; Drinking Water - microbiology ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental protection ; Family Characteristics ; Health ; Households ; Humans ; Hygiene ; International finance ; Intervention ; Medicine ; Microorganisms ; Models, Theoretical ; Parasites ; Pathogens ; Patient compliance ; Population ; Potable water ; Pretreatment ; Protozoa ; Public health ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Rotavirus - pathogenicity ; Sanitation ; Studies ; Tropical diseases ; Viruses ; Water Purification ; Water Quality ; Water shortages ; Water supply ; Water treatment</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e36735</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Brown, Clasen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Brown, Clasen. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6735-7c355eb31b3fc867e8b9a3158ab99e09149403fb1b9286f9ab386bee7ca3a3fa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6735-7c355eb31b3fc867e8b9a3158ab99e09149403fb1b9286f9ab386bee7ca3a3fa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3346738/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3346738/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22586491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Drews, Steven J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Brown, Joe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clasen, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>High adherence is necessary to realize health gains from water quality interventions</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Safe drinking water is critical for health. Household water treatment (HWT) has been recommended for improving access to potable water where existing sources are unsafe. Reports of low adherence to HWT may limit the usefulness of this approach, however.
We constructed a quantitative microbial risk model to predict gains in health attributable to water quality interventions based on a range of assumptions about pre-treatment water quality; treatment effectiveness in reducing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites; adherence to treatment interventions; volume of water consumed per person per day; and other variables. According to mean estimates, greater than 500 DALYs may be averted per 100,000 person-years with increased access to safe water, assuming moderately poor pre-treatment water quality that is a source of risk and high treatment adherence (>90% of water consumed is treated). A decline in adherence from 100% to 90% reduces predicted health gains by up to 96%, with sharpest declines when pre-treatment water quality is of higher risk.
Results suggest that high adherence is essential in order to realize potential health gains from HWT.</description><subject>Adhesion</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Campylobacter jejuni - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Chemical contaminants</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - microbiology</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Family Characteristics</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>International finance</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Patient compliance</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Potable water</subject><subject>Pretreatment</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Rotavirus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Sanitation</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><subject>Water Quality</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNklFrFDEQxxdRbK1-A9EFQfDhziSTTTYvhVLUHhQKWn0N2dzsXo69zTXZrdZPb663LbegIHlIMvnNPzPDP8teUzKnIOnHtR9CZ9r51nc4JwSEhOJJdkwVsJlgBJ4enI-yFzGuCSmgFOJ5dsRYUQqu6HF2feGaVW6WKwzYWcxdzDu0GKMJd3nv84Cmdb8xX6W9X-WNcV3M6-A3-U_TY8hvhvTe3-WuS7db7Hrnu_gye1abNuKrcT_Jvn_-dH1-Mbu8-rI4P7uc2V2xM2mhKLACWkFtSyGxrJQBWpSmUgqJolxxAnVFK8VKUStTpfIrRGkNGKgNnGRv97rb1kc9DiRqCowLwpiARCz2xNKbtd4Gt0l9aW-cvg_40GgTemdb1EtmgYNVvKCMS6GUIFjwomQ158TIKmmdjr8N1QaXNjUbTDsRnb50bqUbf6sBeOq3TALvRoHgbwaM_T9KHqnGpKpcV_skZjcuWn3GpaRMgpKJmv-FSmuJG2eTJWqX4pOED5OExPT4q2_MEKNefPv6_-zVjyn7_oDd2yT6drg3whTke9AGH2PA-nFylOidox-moXeO1qOjU9qbw6k_Jj1YGP4A75jwig</recordid><startdate>20120507</startdate><enddate>20120507</enddate><creator>Brown, Joe</creator><creator>Clasen, Thomas</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120507</creationdate><title>High adherence is necessary to realize health gains from water quality interventions</title><author>Brown, Joe ; Clasen, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6735-7c355eb31b3fc867e8b9a3158ab99e09149403fb1b9286f9ab386bee7ca3a3fa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adhesion</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Campylobacter jejuni - 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Household water treatment (HWT) has been recommended for improving access to potable water where existing sources are unsafe. Reports of low adherence to HWT may limit the usefulness of this approach, however.
We constructed a quantitative microbial risk model to predict gains in health attributable to water quality interventions based on a range of assumptions about pre-treatment water quality; treatment effectiveness in reducing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites; adherence to treatment interventions; volume of water consumed per person per day; and other variables. According to mean estimates, greater than 500 DALYs may be averted per 100,000 person-years with increased access to safe water, assuming moderately poor pre-treatment water quality that is a source of risk and high treatment adherence (>90% of water consumed is treated). A decline in adherence from 100% to 90% reduces predicted health gains by up to 96%, with sharpest declines when pre-treatment water quality is of higher risk.
Results suggest that high adherence is essential in order to realize potential health gains from HWT.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22586491</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0036735</doi><tpages>e36735</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adhesion Analysis Bacteria Biology Campylobacter jejuni - pathogenicity Chemical contaminants Chlorine Cryptosporidium - pathogenicity Diarrhea Disease control Drinking water Drinking Water - microbiology Earth Sciences Environmental protection Family Characteristics Health Households Humans Hygiene International finance Intervention Medicine Microorganisms Models, Theoretical Parasites Pathogens Patient compliance Population Potable water Pretreatment Protozoa Public health Risk Risk Assessment Rotavirus - pathogenicity Sanitation Studies Tropical diseases Viruses Water Purification Water Quality Water shortages Water supply Water treatment |
| title | High adherence is necessary to realize health gains from water quality interventions |
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