Electromagnetic treatment to old Alzheimer's mice reverses β-amyloid deposition, modifies cerebral blood flow, and provides selected cognitive benefit
Few studies have investigated physiologic and cognitive effects of "long-term" electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in humans or animals. Our recent studies have provided initial insight into the long-term impact of adulthood EMF exposure (GSM, pulsed/modulated, 918 MHz, 0.25-1.05 W/kg) by...
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| description | Few studies have investigated physiologic and cognitive effects of "long-term" electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in humans or animals. Our recent studies have provided initial insight into the long-term impact of adulthood EMF exposure (GSM, pulsed/modulated, 918 MHz, 0.25-1.05 W/kg) by showing 6+ months of daily EMF treatment protects against or reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's transgenic (Tg) mice, while even having cognitive benefit to normal mice. Mechanistically, EMF-induced cognitive benefits involve suppression of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation/deposition in Tg mice and brain mitochondrial enhancement in both Tg and normal mice. The present study extends this work by showing that daily EMF treatment given to very old (21-27 month) Tg mice over a 2-month period reverses their very advanced brain Aβ aggregation/deposition. These very old Tg mice and their normal littermates together showed an increase in general memory function in the Y-maze task, although not in more complex tasks. Measurement of both body and brain temperature at intervals during the 2-month EMF treatment, as well as in a separate group of Tg mice during a 12-day treatment period, revealed no appreciable increases in brain temperature (and no/slight increases in body temperature) during EMF "ON" periods. Thus, the neuropathologic/cognitive benefits of EMF treatment occur without brain hyperthermia. Finally, regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral cortex was determined to be reduced in both Tg and normal mice after 2 months of EMF treatment, most probably through cerebrovascular constriction induced by freed/disaggregated Aβ (Tg mice) and slight body hyperthermia during "ON" periods. These results demonstrate that long-term EMF treatment can provide general cognitive benefit to very old Alzheimer's Tg mice and normal mice, as well as reversal of advanced Aβ neuropathology in Tg mice without brain heating. Results further underscore the potential for EMF treatment against AD. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0035751 |
| format | Article |
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C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Arendash, Gary W ; Mori, Takashi ; Dorsey, Maggie ; Gonzalez, Rich ; Tajiri, Naoki ; Borlongan, Cesar ; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.</creatorcontrib><description>Few studies have investigated physiologic and cognitive effects of "long-term" electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in humans or animals. Our recent studies have provided initial insight into the long-term impact of adulthood EMF exposure (GSM, pulsed/modulated, 918 MHz, 0.25-1.05 W/kg) by showing 6+ months of daily EMF treatment protects against or reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's transgenic (Tg) mice, while even having cognitive benefit to normal mice. Mechanistically, EMF-induced cognitive benefits involve suppression of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation/deposition in Tg mice and brain mitochondrial enhancement in both Tg and normal mice. The present study extends this work by showing that daily EMF treatment given to very old (21-27 month) Tg mice over a 2-month period reverses their very advanced brain Aβ aggregation/deposition. These very old Tg mice and their normal littermates together showed an increase in general memory function in the Y-maze task, although not in more complex tasks. Measurement of both body and brain temperature at intervals during the 2-month EMF treatment, as well as in a separate group of Tg mice during a 12-day treatment period, revealed no appreciable increases in brain temperature (and no/slight increases in body temperature) during EMF "ON" periods. Thus, the neuropathologic/cognitive benefits of EMF treatment occur without brain hyperthermia. Finally, regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral cortex was determined to be reduced in both Tg and normal mice after 2 months of EMF treatment, most probably through cerebrovascular constriction induced by freed/disaggregated Aβ (Tg mice) and slight body hyperthermia during "ON" periods. These results demonstrate that long-term EMF treatment can provide general cognitive benefit to very old Alzheimer's Tg mice and normal mice, as well as reversal of advanced Aβ neuropathology in Tg mice without brain heating. Results further underscore the potential for EMF treatment against AD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035751</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22558216</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agglomeration ; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease - pathology ; Alzheimer Disease - radiotherapy ; Alzheimer's disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism ; Animals ; Biology ; Blood ; Blood flow ; Blood-brain barrier ; Body temperature ; Body Temperature - radiation effects ; Bone marrow ; Brain ; Caffeine ; Cellular telephones ; Cerebral blood flow ; Cerebral cortex ; Cerebrovascular Circulation - radiation effects ; Cerebrovascular system ; Cognition - radiation effects ; Cognitive ability ; Deposition ; Disease Models, Animal ; Edema ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Exposure ; Fatty acids ; Humans ; Hyperthermia ; Ischemia ; Low frequency ; Magnetic Field Therapy - methods ; Maze Learning - radiation effects ; Medicine ; Memory ; Memory - radiation effects ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondria - radiation effects ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Neurosciences ; Neurosurgery ; Nitric oxide ; Pathology ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Psychomotor Performance - radiation effects ; Rodents ; Spectrum analysis ; Studies ; Task complexity ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Transgenic animals ; Transgenic mice ; β-Amyloid</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012, Vol.7 (4), p.e35751-e35751</ispartof><rights>2012 Arendash et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Arendash et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e00f026f3cc22ccfd6e22fb6a7811e8a997148db321c24fefe4b1a18eddd69fb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-e00f026f3cc22ccfd6e22fb6a7811e8a997148db321c24fefe4b1a18eddd69fb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338462/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338462/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,4024,23866,27923,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558216$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Arendash, Gary W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mori, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorsey, Maggie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez, Rich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tajiri, Naoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borlongan, Cesar</creatorcontrib><title>Electromagnetic treatment to old Alzheimer's mice reverses β-amyloid deposition, modifies cerebral blood flow, and provides selected cognitive benefit</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Few studies have investigated physiologic and cognitive effects of "long-term" electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in humans or animals. Our recent studies have provided initial insight into the long-term impact of adulthood EMF exposure (GSM, pulsed/modulated, 918 MHz, 0.25-1.05 W/kg) by showing 6+ months of daily EMF treatment protects against or reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's transgenic (Tg) mice, while even having cognitive benefit to normal mice. Mechanistically, EMF-induced cognitive benefits involve suppression of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation/deposition in Tg mice and brain mitochondrial enhancement in both Tg and normal mice. The present study extends this work by showing that daily EMF treatment given to very old (21-27 month) Tg mice over a 2-month period reverses their very advanced brain Aβ aggregation/deposition. These very old Tg mice and their normal littermates together showed an increase in general memory function in the Y-maze task, although not in more complex tasks. Measurement of both body and brain temperature at intervals during the 2-month EMF treatment, as well as in a separate group of Tg mice during a 12-day treatment period, revealed no appreciable increases in brain temperature (and no/slight increases in body temperature) during EMF "ON" periods. Thus, the neuropathologic/cognitive benefits of EMF treatment occur without brain hyperthermia. Finally, regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral cortex was determined to be reduced in both Tg and normal mice after 2 months of EMF treatment, most probably through cerebrovascular constriction induced by freed/disaggregated Aβ (Tg mice) and slight body hyperthermia during "ON" periods. These results demonstrate that long-term EMF treatment can provide general cognitive benefit to very old Alzheimer's Tg mice and normal mice, as well as reversal of advanced Aβ neuropathology in Tg mice without brain heating. Results further underscore the potential for EMF treatment against AD.</description><subject>Agglomeration</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - metabolism</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - pathology</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - radiotherapy</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Blood-brain barrier</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Body Temperature - radiation effects</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Cellular telephones</subject><subject>Cerebral blood flow</subject><subject>Cerebral cortex</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation - radiation effects</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular system</subject><subject>Cognition - radiation effects</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Edema</subject><subject>Electromagnetic Fields</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperthermia</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Low frequency</subject><subject>Magnetic Field Therapy - 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Mechanistically, EMF-induced cognitive benefits involve suppression of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation/deposition in Tg mice and brain mitochondrial enhancement in both Tg and normal mice. The present study extends this work by showing that daily EMF treatment given to very old (21-27 month) Tg mice over a 2-month period reverses their very advanced brain Aβ aggregation/deposition. These very old Tg mice and their normal littermates together showed an increase in general memory function in the Y-maze task, although not in more complex tasks. Measurement of both body and brain temperature at intervals during the 2-month EMF treatment, as well as in a separate group of Tg mice during a 12-day treatment period, revealed no appreciable increases in brain temperature (and no/slight increases in body temperature) during EMF "ON" periods. Thus, the neuropathologic/cognitive benefits of EMF treatment occur without brain hyperthermia. Finally, regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral cortex was determined to be reduced in both Tg and normal mice after 2 months of EMF treatment, most probably through cerebrovascular constriction induced by freed/disaggregated Aβ (Tg mice) and slight body hyperthermia during "ON" periods. These results demonstrate that long-term EMF treatment can provide general cognitive benefit to very old Alzheimer's Tg mice and normal mice, as well as reversal of advanced Aβ neuropathology in Tg mice without brain heating. Results further underscore the potential for EMF treatment against AD.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22558216</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0035751</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agglomeration Alzheimer Disease - metabolism Alzheimer Disease - pathology Alzheimer Disease - radiotherapy Alzheimer's disease Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism Animals Biology Blood Blood flow Blood-brain barrier Body temperature Body Temperature - radiation effects Bone marrow Brain Caffeine Cellular telephones Cerebral blood flow Cerebral cortex Cerebrovascular Circulation - radiation effects Cerebrovascular system Cognition - radiation effects Cognitive ability Deposition Disease Models, Animal Edema Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Fatty acids Humans Hyperthermia Ischemia Low frequency Magnetic Field Therapy - methods Maze Learning - radiation effects Medicine Memory Memory - radiation effects Metabolism Mice Mice, Transgenic Mitochondria Mitochondria - radiation effects Neurodegenerative diseases Neurosciences Neurosurgery Nitric oxide Pathology Pharmaceutical industry Psychomotor Performance - radiation effects Rodents Spectrum analysis Studies Task complexity Temperature Temperature effects Transgenic animals Transgenic mice β-Amyloid |
| title | Electromagnetic treatment to old Alzheimer's mice reverses β-amyloid deposition, modifies cerebral blood flow, and provides selected cognitive benefit |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-28T15%3A40%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electromagnetic%20treatment%20to%20old%20Alzheimer's%20mice%20reverses%20%CE%B2-amyloid%20deposition,%20modifies%20cerebral%20blood%20flow,%20and%20provides%20selected%20cognitive%20benefit&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Arendash,%20Gary%20W&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e35751&rft.epage=e35751&rft.pages=e35751-e35751&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035751&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2939346051%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1324595785&rft_id=info:pmid/22558216&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2d20de50fc93457093b27fcd310bd8fe&rfr_iscdi=true |