Private heat for public warmth: how huddling shapes individual thermogenic responses of rabbit pups
Within their litter, young altricial mammals compete for energy (constraining growth and survival) but cooperate for warmth. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which huddling in altricial infants influences individual heat production and loss, while providing public warmth. Altho...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-03, Vol.7 (3), p.e33553-e33553 |
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| creator | Gilbert, Caroline McCafferty, Dominic J Giroud, Sylvain Ancel, André Blanc, Stéphane |
| description | Within their litter, young altricial mammals compete for energy (constraining growth and survival) but cooperate for warmth. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which huddling in altricial infants influences individual heat production and loss, while providing public warmth. Although considered as a textbook example, it is surprising to note that physiological mechanisms underlying huddling are still not fully characterised.
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) contribution to energy output was assessed as a function of the ability of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pups to huddle (placed in groups of 6 and 2, or isolated) and of their thermoregulatory capacities (non-insulated before 5 days old and insulated at ca. 10 days old). BAT contribution of pups exposed to cold was examined by combining techniques of infrared thermography (surface temperature), indirect calorimetry (total energy expenditure, TEE) and telemetry (body temperature). Through local heating, the huddle provided each pup whatever their age with an ambient "public warmth" in the cold, which particularly benefited non-insulated pups. Huddling allowed pups facing a progressive cold challenge to buffer the decreasing ambient temperature by delaying the activation of their thermogenic response, especially when fur-insulated. In this way, huddling permitted pups to effectively shift from a non-insulated to a pseudo-insulated thermal state while continuously allocating energy to growth. The high correlation between TEE and the difference in surface temperatures between BAT and back areas of the body reveals that energy loss for non-shivering thermogenesis is the major factor constraining the amount of energy allocated to growth in non-insulated altricial pups.
By providing public warmth with minimal individual costs at a stage of life when pups are the most vulnerable, huddling buffers cold challenges and ensures a constant allocation of energy to growth by reducing BAT activation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0033553 |
| format | Article |
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The brown adipose tissue (BAT) contribution to energy output was assessed as a function of the ability of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pups to huddle (placed in groups of 6 and 2, or isolated) and of their thermoregulatory capacities (non-insulated before 5 days old and insulated at ca. 10 days old). BAT contribution of pups exposed to cold was examined by combining techniques of infrared thermography (surface temperature), indirect calorimetry (total energy expenditure, TEE) and telemetry (body temperature). Through local heating, the huddle provided each pup whatever their age with an ambient "public warmth" in the cold, which particularly benefited non-insulated pups. Huddling allowed pups facing a progressive cold challenge to buffer the decreasing ambient temperature by delaying the activation of their thermogenic response, especially when fur-insulated. In this way, huddling permitted pups to effectively shift from a non-insulated to a pseudo-insulated thermal state while continuously allocating energy to growth. The high correlation between TEE and the difference in surface temperatures between BAT and back areas of the body reveals that energy loss for non-shivering thermogenesis is the major factor constraining the amount of energy allocated to growth in non-insulated altricial pups.
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The brown adipose tissue (BAT) contribution to energy output was assessed as a function of the ability of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pups to huddle (placed in groups of 6 and 2, or isolated) and of their thermoregulatory capacities (non-insulated before 5 days old and insulated at ca. 10 days old). BAT contribution of pups exposed to cold was examined by combining techniques of infrared thermography (surface temperature), indirect calorimetry (total energy expenditure, TEE) and telemetry (body temperature). Through local heating, the huddle provided each pup whatever their age with an ambient "public warmth" in the cold, which particularly benefited non-insulated pups. Huddling allowed pups facing a progressive cold challenge to buffer the decreasing ambient temperature by delaying the activation of their thermogenic response, especially when fur-insulated. In this way, huddling permitted pups to effectively shift from a non-insulated to a pseudo-insulated thermal state while continuously allocating energy to growth. The high correlation between TEE and the difference in surface temperatures between BAT and back areas of the body reveals that energy loss for non-shivering thermogenesis is the major factor constraining the amount of energy allocated to growth in non-insulated altricial pups.
By providing public warmth with minimal individual costs at a stage of life when pups are the most vulnerable, huddling buffers cold challenges and ensures a constant allocation of energy to growth by reducing BAT activation.</description><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Adipose tissue (brown)</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology</subject><subject>Ambient temperature</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Calorimetry</subject><subject>Constraining</subject><subject>Cooperative Behavior</subject><subject>Energy expenditure</subject><subject>Energy loss</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism</subject><subject>Energy output</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Huddling</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mesocricetus auratus</subject><subject>Non-shivering</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Populations and Evolution</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Rabbits - growth & development</subject><subject>Rabbits - physiology</subject><subject>Rabbits - psychology</subject><subject>Rattus norvegicus</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Shivering</subject><subject>Siblings</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Telemetry</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Thermogenesis</subject><subject>Thermogenesis - physiology</subject><subject>Thermography</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1-L1DAUxYso7jr6DUQLgrIPM6b519YHYVjUHRhY0cXXkCZpmyVtukk6q9_ejNNdpss-SB9abn_n5Pb03iR5nYFVhvLs47UdXc_NarC9WgGAECHoSXKalQguKQTo6dHzSfLC-2sACCoofZ6cQIhRUeL8NBHfnd7xoNJW8ZDW1qXDWBkt0lvuutB-Slt7m7ajlEb3TepbPiif6l7qnZYjN2loletso_ooccrHZnwEbJ06XlU6RLfBv0ye1dx49Wq6L5Krr1-uzi-W28tvm_P1dilySMKyqDEuEYYqI6VUVNa8gnlFISlRRkldiVoCimUFaqFKWRAOeSVhRogiSqECLZK3B9vBWM-meDzLEMQYoaLAkdgcCGn5NRuc7rj7wyzX7F_BuoZxF7QwilFAy0ryDAsicZmJEhKS44rkVAIFEY1en6fTxqpTUqg-OG5mpvM3vW5ZY3cMIUBRuTc4Oxi0D2QX6y3b1wCgRewb7rLIfpgOc_ZmVD6wTnuhjOG9sqNnJQYFojTGt0jePSAfD2KiGh6_Vfe1jS2KvSdb4zwHeR67jNTqESpeUnVaxLGrdazPBGczQWSC-h0aPnrPNj9__D97-WvOvj9i46Sa0HprxqDjuM1BfACFs947Vd8HmwG235q7NNh-a9i0NVH25vhf3ovu1gT9BSylEc8</recordid><startdate>20120316</startdate><enddate>20120316</enddate><creator>Gilbert, Caroline</creator><creator>McCafferty, Dominic J</creator><creator>Giroud, Sylvain</creator><creator>Ancel, André</creator><creator>Blanc, Stéphane</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-405X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20120316</creationdate><title>Private heat for public warmth: how huddling shapes individual thermogenic responses of rabbit pups</title><author>Gilbert, Caroline ; McCafferty, Dominic J ; Giroud, Sylvain ; Ancel, André ; Blanc, Stéphane</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-8f449342e159de6dfab27b62593165fbcfd064db0fce9d85a2abd2155e5ee383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adipose tissue</topic><topic>Adipose tissue (brown)</topic><topic>Adipose Tissue, Brown - 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Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gilbert, Caroline</au><au>McCafferty, Dominic J</au><au>Giroud, Sylvain</au><au>Ancel, André</au><au>Blanc, Stéphane</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Private heat for public warmth: how huddling shapes individual thermogenic responses of rabbit pups</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2012-03-16</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e33553</spage><epage>e33553</epage><pages>e33553-e33553</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Within their litter, young altricial mammals compete for energy (constraining growth and survival) but cooperate for warmth. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which huddling in altricial infants influences individual heat production and loss, while providing public warmth. Although considered as a textbook example, it is surprising to note that physiological mechanisms underlying huddling are still not fully characterised.
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) contribution to energy output was assessed as a function of the ability of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pups to huddle (placed in groups of 6 and 2, or isolated) and of their thermoregulatory capacities (non-insulated before 5 days old and insulated at ca. 10 days old). BAT contribution of pups exposed to cold was examined by combining techniques of infrared thermography (surface temperature), indirect calorimetry (total energy expenditure, TEE) and telemetry (body temperature). Through local heating, the huddle provided each pup whatever their age with an ambient "public warmth" in the cold, which particularly benefited non-insulated pups. Huddling allowed pups facing a progressive cold challenge to buffer the decreasing ambient temperature by delaying the activation of their thermogenic response, especially when fur-insulated. In this way, huddling permitted pups to effectively shift from a non-insulated to a pseudo-insulated thermal state while continuously allocating energy to growth. The high correlation between TEE and the difference in surface temperatures between BAT and back areas of the body reveals that energy loss for non-shivering thermogenesis is the major factor constraining the amount of energy allocated to growth in non-insulated altricial pups.
By providing public warmth with minimal individual costs at a stage of life when pups are the most vulnerable, huddling buffers cold challenges and ensures a constant allocation of energy to growth by reducing BAT activation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22438947</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0033553</doi><tpages>e33553</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-405X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adipose tissue Adipose tissue (brown) Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology Ambient temperature Animals Animals, Newborn Behavior Behavior, Animal - physiology Biodiversity Biology Body temperature Buffers Calorimetry Constraining Cooperative Behavior Energy expenditure Energy loss Energy Metabolism Energy output Environmental Sciences Experiments Female Heat Huddling Infants Life Sciences Male Medical research Mesocricetus auratus Non-shivering Physiological aspects Physiology Populations and Evolution Pregnancy Rabbits Rabbits - growth & development Rabbits - physiology Rabbits - psychology Rattus norvegicus Rodents Shivering Siblings Surface temperature Telemetry Temperature Temperature effects Thermogenesis Thermogenesis - physiology Thermography Veterinary medicine |
| title | Private heat for public warmth: how huddling shapes individual thermogenic responses of rabbit pups |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-19T00%3A31%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Private%20heat%20for%20public%20warmth:%20how%20huddling%20shapes%20individual%20thermogenic%20responses%20of%20rabbit%20pups&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Gilbert,%20Caroline&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e33553&rft.epage=e33553&rft.pages=e33553-e33553&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033553&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA477077330%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1324433884&rft_id=info:pmid/22438947&rft_galeid=A477077330&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_6069bda14c5d491c925574b576d0e236&rfr_iscdi=true |