Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India
South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In Fe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2012-02, Vol.7 (2), p.e31844-e31844 |
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| creator | Nagarajan, Shanmuga Tosh, Chakradhar Smith, David K Peiris, Joseph Sriyal Malik Murugkar, Harshad Vinayakrao Sridevi, Rajangam Kumar, Manoj Katare, Megha Jain, Rajlaxmi Syed, Zohra Behera, Padmanava Cheung, Chung L Khandia, Rekha Tripathi, Sushil Guan, Yi Dubey, Shiv Chandra |
| description | South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In February 2011, two outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in the State of Tripura in India. The antigenic and genetic analyses of seven H5N1 viruses isolated during these outbreaks were carried out. Antigenic analysis confirmed 64 to 256-fold reduction in cross reactivity compared with clade 2.2 viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolates ranged from 2.80-2.95 indicating high pathogenicity to chickens. Sequencing of all the eight gene-segments of seven H5N1 viruses isolated in these outbreaks was carried out. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis revealed high pathogenicity to chickens and susceptibility to the antivirals, amantadine and oseltamivir. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses belong to clade 2.3.2.1 and were distinct to the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses isolated in Nepal. Identification of new clade 2.3.2 H5N1 viruses in South Asia is reminiscent of the introduction of clade 2.2 viruses in this region in 2006/7. It is now important to monitor whether the clade 2.3.2.1 is replacing clade 2.2 in this region or co-circulating with it. Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0031844 |
| format | Article |
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M.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Nagarajan, Shanmuga ; Tosh, Chakradhar ; Smith, David K ; Peiris, Joseph Sriyal Malik ; Murugkar, Harshad Vinayakrao ; Sridevi, Rajangam ; Kumar, Manoj ; Katare, Megha ; Jain, Rajlaxmi ; Syed, Zohra ; Behera, Padmanava ; Cheung, Chung L ; Khandia, Rekha ; Tripathi, Sushil ; Guan, Yi ; Dubey, Shiv Chandra ; Fouchier, Ron A. M.</creatorcontrib><description>South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In February 2011, two outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in the State of Tripura in India. The antigenic and genetic analyses of seven H5N1 viruses isolated during these outbreaks were carried out. Antigenic analysis confirmed 64 to 256-fold reduction in cross reactivity compared with clade 2.2 viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolates ranged from 2.80-2.95 indicating high pathogenicity to chickens. Sequencing of all the eight gene-segments of seven H5N1 viruses isolated in these outbreaks was carried out. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis revealed high pathogenicity to chickens and susceptibility to the antivirals, amantadine and oseltamivir. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses belong to clade 2.3.2.1 and were distinct to the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses isolated in Nepal. Identification of new clade 2.3.2 H5N1 viruses in South Asia is reminiscent of the introduction of clade 2.2 viruses in this region in 2006/7. It is now important to monitor whether the clade 2.3.2.1 is replacing clade 2.2 in this region or co-circulating with it. Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031844</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22363750</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amantadine ; Amino acid sequence ; Amino acids ; Animals ; Antigens ; Antigens, Viral - genetics ; Antigens, Viral - immunology ; Antiviral agents ; Avian flu ; Avian influenza ; Avian influenza viruses ; Biology ; Chickens ; Comparative analysis ; Epidemics ; Gene sequencing ; Genes, Viral - genetics ; Geography ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics ; India ; Influenza ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - immunology ; Influenza in Birds - immunology ; Influenza in Birds - virology ; Intravenous administration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase - genetics ; Open Reading Frames - genetics ; Oseltamivir ; Outbreaks ; Pandemics ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Poultry - virology ; Poultry industry ; Veterinary Science ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-02, Vol.7 (2), p.e31844-e31844</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Nagarajan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Nagarajan et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-a289e0c1c0509feb9e3ca33f3b8793927ff7d9c0bff6d7d682a26016704d27b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-a289e0c1c0509feb9e3ca33f3b8793927ff7d9c0bff6d7d682a26016704d27b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282738/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282738/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363750$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Fouchier, Ron A. M.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Nagarajan, Shanmuga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tosh, Chakradhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiris, Joseph Sriyal Malik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murugkar, Harshad Vinayakrao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sridevi, Rajangam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Manoj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katare, Megha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jain, Rajlaxmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syed, Zohra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behera, Padmanava</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Chung L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khandia, Rekha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tripathi, Sushil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubey, Shiv Chandra</creatorcontrib><title>Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. 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Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains.</description><subject>Amantadine</subject><subject>Amino acid sequence</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Antigens, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>Antigens, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Avian flu</subject><subject>Avian influenza</subject><subject>Avian influenza viruses</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genes, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nagarajan, Shanmuga</au><au>Tosh, Chakradhar</au><au>Smith, David K</au><au>Peiris, Joseph Sriyal Malik</au><au>Murugkar, Harshad Vinayakrao</au><au>Sridevi, Rajangam</au><au>Kumar, Manoj</au><au>Katare, Megha</au><au>Jain, Rajlaxmi</au><au>Syed, Zohra</au><au>Behera, Padmanava</au><au>Cheung, Chung L</au><au>Khandia, Rekha</au><au>Tripathi, Sushil</au><au>Guan, Yi</au><au>Dubey, Shiv Chandra</au><au>Fouchier, Ron A. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2012-02-20</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e31844</spage><epage>e31844</epage><pages>e31844-e31844</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In February 2011, two outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in the State of Tripura in India. The antigenic and genetic analyses of seven H5N1 viruses isolated during these outbreaks were carried out. Antigenic analysis confirmed 64 to 256-fold reduction in cross reactivity compared with clade 2.2 viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolates ranged from 2.80-2.95 indicating high pathogenicity to chickens. Sequencing of all the eight gene-segments of seven H5N1 viruses isolated in these outbreaks was carried out. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis revealed high pathogenicity to chickens and susceptibility to the antivirals, amantadine and oseltamivir. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses belong to clade 2.3.2.1 and were distinct to the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses isolated in Nepal. Identification of new clade 2.3.2 H5N1 viruses in South Asia is reminiscent of the introduction of clade 2.2 viruses in this region in 2006/7. It is now important to monitor whether the clade 2.3.2.1 is replacing clade 2.2 in this region or co-circulating with it. Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22363750</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0031844</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2012-02, Vol.7 (2), p.e31844-e31844 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1323858953 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amantadine Amino acid sequence Amino acids Animals Antigens Antigens, Viral - genetics Antigens, Viral - immunology Antiviral agents Avian flu Avian influenza Avian influenza viruses Biology Chickens Comparative analysis Epidemics Gene sequencing Genes, Viral - genetics Geography Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics India Influenza Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - immunology Influenza in Birds - immunology Influenza in Birds - virology Intravenous administration Molecular Sequence Data Neuraminidase - genetics Open Reading Frames - genetics Oseltamivir Outbreaks Pandemics Pathogenicity Pathogens Phylogeny Poultry Poultry - virology Poultry industry Veterinary Science Viruses |
| title | Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India |
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