The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders
Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled, particularly in Melanesia. As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific population...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS genetics 2008-01, Vol.4 (1), p.e19 |
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| creator | Friedlaender, Jonathan S Friedlaender, Françoise R Reed, Floyd A Kidd, Kenneth K Kidd, Judith R Chambers, Geoffrey K Lea, Rodney A Loo, Jun-Hun Koki, George Hodgson, Jason A Merriwether, D Andrew Weber, James L |
| description | Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled, particularly in Melanesia. As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small "Austronesian" genetic signature (always |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019 |
| format | Article |
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As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small "Austronesian" genetic signature (always <20%) was detected in less than half the Melanesian groups that speak Austronesian languages, and is entirely lacking in Papuan-speaking groups. Although the Polynesians are also distinctive, they tend to cluster with Micronesians, Taiwan Aborigines, and East Asians, and not Melanesians. These findings contribute to a resolution to the debates over Polynesian origins and their past interactions with Melanesians. With regard to genetics, the earlier studies had heavily relied on the evidence from single locus mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome variation. Neither of these provided an unequivocal signal of phylogenetic relations or population intermixture proportions in the Pacific. Our analysis indicates the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7404</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1553-7390</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1553-7404</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18208337</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alleles ; Bayes Theorem ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; Evolutionary Biology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Drift ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics and Genomics ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Homo (Human) ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Islands ; Language ; Microsatellite Repeats - genetics ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Models, Genetic ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Native peoples ; Pacific Island People - genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population</subject><ispartof>PLoS genetics, 2008-01, Vol.4 (1), p.e19</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2008 Friedlaender et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Friedlaender JS, Friedlaender FR, Reed FA, Kidd KK, Kidd JR, et al. (2008) The Genetic Structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS Genet 4(1): e19. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019</rights><rights>2008 Friedlaender et al. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c724t-46c03d2b273de728f6cf961a656481e27c8bc5f5c254fd07e3156f19784af9c43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c724t-46c03d2b273de728f6cf961a656481e27c8bc5f5c254fd07e3156f19784af9c43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2211537/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2211537/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18208337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Friedlaender, Jonathan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedlaender, Françoise R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reed, Floyd A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kidd, Kenneth K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kidd, Judith R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Geoffrey K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lea, Rodney A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loo, Jun-Hun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koki, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodgson, Jason A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merriwether, D Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, James L</creatorcontrib><title>The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders</title><title>PLoS genetics</title><addtitle>PLoS Genet</addtitle><description>Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled, particularly in Melanesia. As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small "Austronesian" genetic signature (always <20%) was detected in less than half the Melanesian groups that speak Austronesian languages, and is entirely lacking in Papuan-speaking groups. Although the Polynesians are also distinctive, they tend to cluster with Micronesians, Taiwan Aborigines, and East Asians, and not Melanesians. These findings contribute to a resolution to the debates over Polynesian origins and their past interactions with Melanesians. With regard to genetics, the earlier studies had heavily relied on the evidence from single locus mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome variation. Neither of these provided an unequivocal signal of phylogenetic relations or population intermixture proportions in the Pacific. Our analysis indicates the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there.</description><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Bayes Theorem</subject><subject>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Gene Deletion</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Drift</subject><subject>Genetic Linkage</subject><subject>Genetic Markers</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Genetics, Population</subject><subject>Genome, Human</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Haplotypes</subject><subject>Heterozygote</subject><subject>Homo (Human)</subject><subject>Human Migration</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Islands</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats - genetics</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Mutagenesis, Insertional</subject><subject>Native peoples</subject><subject>Pacific Island People - genetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Population</subject><issn>1553-7404</issn><issn>1553-7390</issn><issn>1553-7404</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkl1rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9EFoaCwaz4nkxuhFD8WihWt3oZscjKbZXayTWak_fdm3FF3pBdKLhJOnvOenJO3KJ5itMBU4Neb0MdWN4tdDe0CIYYQlveKY8w5nQuG2P2D81HxKKUNQpRXUjwsjnBFUEWpOC5eXa1hlhWg82aWutibro8wC272SRvvcnCZGt1aiOlx8cDpJsGTcT8pvr57e3X-YX5x-X55fnYxN4Kwbs5Kg6glKyKoBUEqVxonS6xLXrIKAxGmWhnuuCGcOYsEUMxLh6WomHbSMHpSPN_r7pqQ1NhmUphixhEX5UAs94QNeqN20W91vFVBe_UzEGKtdMwNNaBERXgFwjouOTMMVUbw0krLHHbaEJm13ozV-tUWrIG2i7qZiE5vWr9WdfiuCMGYU5EFTkeBGK57SJ3a-mSgyVOD0CclEGGUyTKDL_4C7-5tpGqdn-9bF3JVM0iqM4IIxViSQWtxB5WXha03oQXnc3yS8HKSkJkObrpa9ymp5ZfP_8F-_Hf28tuUPT1g16Cbbp1C03c-tGkKsj1oYkgpgvv9HRipwfy_JqcG86vR_Dnt2eFX_kka3U5_ACT1-u8</recordid><startdate>20080101</startdate><enddate>20080101</enddate><creator>Friedlaender, Jonathan S</creator><creator>Friedlaender, Françoise R</creator><creator>Reed, Floyd A</creator><creator>Kidd, Kenneth K</creator><creator>Kidd, Judith R</creator><creator>Chambers, Geoffrey K</creator><creator>Lea, Rodney A</creator><creator>Loo, Jun-Hun</creator><creator>Koki, George</creator><creator>Hodgson, Jason A</creator><creator>Merriwether, D Andrew</creator><creator>Weber, James L</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080101</creationdate><title>The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders</title><author>Friedlaender, Jonathan S ; Friedlaender, Françoise R ; Reed, Floyd A ; Kidd, Kenneth K ; Kidd, Judith R ; Chambers, Geoffrey K ; Lea, Rodney A ; Loo, Jun-Hun ; Koki, George ; Hodgson, Jason A ; Merriwether, D Andrew ; Weber, James L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c724t-46c03d2b273de728f6cf961a656481e27c8bc5f5c254fd07e3156f19784af9c43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Bayes Theorem</topic><topic>DNA, Mitochondrial - 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As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small "Austronesian" genetic signature (always <20%) was detected in less than half the Melanesian groups that speak Austronesian languages, and is entirely lacking in Papuan-speaking groups. Although the Polynesians are also distinctive, they tend to cluster with Micronesians, Taiwan Aborigines, and East Asians, and not Melanesians. These findings contribute to a resolution to the debates over Polynesian origins and their past interactions with Melanesians. With regard to genetics, the earlier studies had heavily relied on the evidence from single locus mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome variation. Neither of these provided an unequivocal signal of phylogenetic relations or population intermixture proportions in the Pacific. Our analysis indicates the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>18208337</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PLoS genetics, 2008-01, Vol.4 (1), p.e19 |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed (Medline); MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Alleles Bayes Theorem DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Evolutionary Biology Gene Deletion Gene Frequency Genetic diversity Genetic Drift Genetic Linkage Genetic Markers Genetic Variation Genetics and Genomics Genetics, Population Genome, Human Geography Haplotypes Heterozygote Homo (Human) Human Migration Humans Islands Language Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Mitochondrial DNA Models, Genetic Mutagenesis, Insertional Native peoples Pacific Island People - genetics Phylogeny Polymorphism, Genetic Population |
| title | The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders |
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