The effective population size of malaria mosquitoes: large impact of vector control

Malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa have proven themselves very difficult adversaries in the global struggle against malaria. Decades of anti-vector interventions have yielded mixed results--with successful reductions in transmission in some areas and limited impacts in others. These varying succe...

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Veröffentlicht in:PLoS genetics 2012-12, Vol.8 (12), p.e1003097
Hauptverfasser: Athrey, Giridhar, Hodges, Theresa K, Reddy, Michael R, Overgaard, Hans J, Matias, Abrahan, Ridl, Frances C, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Caccone, Adalgisa, Slotman, Michel A
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container_issue 12
container_start_page e1003097
container_title PLoS genetics
container_volume 8
creator Athrey, Giridhar
Hodges, Theresa K
Reddy, Michael R
Overgaard, Hans J
Matias, Abrahan
Ridl, Frances C
Kleinschmidt, Immo
Caccone, Adalgisa
Slotman, Michel A
description Malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa have proven themselves very difficult adversaries in the global struggle against malaria. Decades of anti-vector interventions have yielded mixed results--with successful reductions in transmission in some areas and limited impacts in others. These varying successes can be ascribed to a lack of universally effective vector control tools, as well as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Understanding the impact of vector control on mosquito populations is crucial for planning new interventions and evaluating existing ones. However, estimates of population size changes in response to control efforts are often inaccurate because of limitations and biases in collection methods. Attempts to evaluate the impact of vector control on mosquito effective population size (N(e)) have produced inconclusive results thus far. Therefore, we obtained data for 13-15 microsatellite markers for more than 1,500 mosquitoes representing multiple time points for seven populations of three important vector species--Anopheles gambiae, An. melas, and An. moucheti--in Equatorial Guinea. These populations were exposed to indoor residual spraying or long-lasting insecticidal nets in recent years. For comparison, we also analyzed data from two populations that have no history of organized vector control. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation to reconstruct their demographic history, allowing us to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the effective population size. In six of the seven study populations, vector control had a dramatic impact on the effective population size, reducing N(e) between 55%-87%, the exception being a single An. melas population. In contrast, the two negative control populations did not experience a reduction in effective population size. This study is the first to conclusively link anti-vector intervention programs in Africa to sharply reduced effective population sizes of malaria vectors.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003097
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Decades of anti-vector interventions have yielded mixed results--with successful reductions in transmission in some areas and limited impacts in others. These varying successes can be ascribed to a lack of universally effective vector control tools, as well as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Understanding the impact of vector control on mosquito populations is crucial for planning new interventions and evaluating existing ones. However, estimates of population size changes in response to control efforts are often inaccurate because of limitations and biases in collection methods. Attempts to evaluate the impact of vector control on mosquito effective population size (N(e)) have produced inconclusive results thus far. 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subjects Africa South of the Sahara
Animal genetics
Animal populations
Animals
Anopheles - drug effects
Anopheles - genetics
Biology
Distribution
Equatorial Guinea
Genetic aspects
Genetic vectors
Genetics
Health aspects
Humans
Insect Vectors - genetics
Insecticide Resistance - genetics
Insecticides - pharmacology
Intervention
Malaria
Malaria - epidemiology
Malaria - genetics
Malaria - parasitology
Medicine
Mosquito Control
Mosquitoes
Pest Control
Physiological aspects
Population
Population Density
Population genetics
Probability
Pyrethrins - pharmacology
title The effective population size of malaria mosquitoes: large impact of vector control
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