Streptococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for live attenuated vaccine development
Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen in finfish aquaculture, though knowledge of virulence determinants is lacking. Through pyrosequencing of the S. iniae genome we have identified two gene homologues to classical surface-anchored streptococcal virulence factors: M-like protein (simA) and C...
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| description | Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen in finfish aquaculture, though knowledge of virulence determinants is lacking. Through pyrosequencing of the S. iniae genome we have identified two gene homologues to classical surface-anchored streptococcal virulence factors: M-like protein (simA) and C5a peptidase (scpI).
S. iniae possesses a Mga-like locus containing simA and a divergently transcribed putative mga-like regulatory gene, mgx. In contrast to the Mga locus of group A Streptococcus (GAS, S. pyogenes), scpI is located distally in the chromosome. Comparative sequence analysis of the Mgx locus revealed only one significant variant, a strain with an insertion frameshift mutation in simA and a deletion mutation in a region downstream of mgx, generating an ORF which may encode a second putative mga-like gene, mgx2. Allelic exchange mutagenesis of simA and scpI was employed to investigate the potential role of these genes in S. iniae virulence. Our hybrid striped bass (HSB) and zebrafish models of infection revealed that M-like protein contributes significantly to S. iniae pathogenesis whereas C5a peptidase-like protein does not. Further, in vitro cell-based analyses indicate that SiMA, like other M family proteins, contributes to cellular adherence and invasion and provides resistance to phagocytic killing. Attenuation in our virulence models was also observed in the S. iniae isolate possessing a natural simA mutation. Vaccination of HSB with the Delta simA mutant provided 100% protection against subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of wild-type (WT) S. iniae after 1,400 degree days, and shows promise as a target for live attenuated vaccine development.
Analysis of M-like protein and C5a peptidase through allelic replacement revealed that M-like protein plays a significant role in S. iniae virulence, and the Mga-like locus, which may regulate expression of this gene, has an unusual arrangement. The M-like protein mutant created in this research holds promise as live-attenuated vaccine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0002824 |
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S. iniae possesses a Mga-like locus containing simA and a divergently transcribed putative mga-like regulatory gene, mgx. In contrast to the Mga locus of group A Streptococcus (GAS, S. pyogenes), scpI is located distally in the chromosome. Comparative sequence analysis of the Mgx locus revealed only one significant variant, a strain with an insertion frameshift mutation in simA and a deletion mutation in a region downstream of mgx, generating an ORF which may encode a second putative mga-like gene, mgx2. Allelic exchange mutagenesis of simA and scpI was employed to investigate the potential role of these genes in S. iniae virulence. Our hybrid striped bass (HSB) and zebrafish models of infection revealed that M-like protein contributes significantly to S. iniae pathogenesis whereas C5a peptidase-like protein does not. Further, in vitro cell-based analyses indicate that SiMA, like other M family proteins, contributes to cellular adherence and invasion and provides resistance to phagocytic killing. Attenuation in our virulence models was also observed in the S. iniae isolate possessing a natural simA mutation. Vaccination of HSB with the Delta simA mutant provided 100% protection against subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of wild-type (WT) S. iniae after 1,400 degree days, and shows promise as a target for live attenuated vaccine development.
Analysis of M-like protein and C5a peptidase through allelic replacement revealed that M-like protein plays a significant role in S. iniae virulence, and the Mga-like locus, which may regulate expression of this gene, has an unusual arrangement. The M-like protein mutant created in this research holds promise as live-attenuated vaccine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002824</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18665241</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adhesins, Bacterial - metabolism ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino acids ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Attenuation ; Bass ; Biotechnology/Applied Microbiology ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Clonal deletion ; Comparative analysis ; Computational Biology - methods ; Danio rerio ; Endopeptidases - metabolism ; Fines & penalties ; Fishes ; Fishes - metabolism ; Frameshift mutation ; Gene deletion ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetics and Genomics/Bioinformatics ; Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Health aspects ; Homology ; Immunology/Immunity to Infections ; Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections ; Insertion ; Lethal dose ; M-like protein ; Microbiology/Applied Microbiology ; Microbiology/Innate Immunity ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morone saxatilis ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Oceanography ; Open Reading Frames ; Pathogenesis ; Pediatrics ; Peptidase ; Peptides ; Phagocytes ; Pharmacy ; Phylogeny ; Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus - metabolism ; Streptococcus iniae ; Vaccination ; Vaccine development ; Vaccines ; Vaccines - chemistry ; Virulence ; Virulence (Microbiology) ; Virulence factors ; Virulence Factors - metabolism ; Virulence Factors - physiology ; Zebrafish</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2008-07, Vol.3 (7), p.e2824-e2824</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2008 Locke et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Locke et al. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-6fa1de7ea12b33de15e284e6b9145932945bf0810d6e1df4b850bca56d215cb13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-6fa1de7ea12b33de15e284e6b9145932945bf0810d6e1df4b850bca56d215cb13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483786/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483786/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18665241$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Ahmed, Niyaz</contributor><creatorcontrib>Locke, Jeffrey B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aziz, Ramy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vicknair, Mike R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nizet, Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buchanan, John T</creatorcontrib><title>Streptococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for live attenuated vaccine development</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen in finfish aquaculture, though knowledge of virulence determinants is lacking. Through pyrosequencing of the S. iniae genome we have identified two gene homologues to classical surface-anchored streptococcal virulence factors: M-like protein (simA) and C5a peptidase (scpI).
S. iniae possesses a Mga-like locus containing simA and a divergently transcribed putative mga-like regulatory gene, mgx. In contrast to the Mga locus of group A Streptococcus (GAS, S. pyogenes), scpI is located distally in the chromosome. Comparative sequence analysis of the Mgx locus revealed only one significant variant, a strain with an insertion frameshift mutation in simA and a deletion mutation in a region downstream of mgx, generating an ORF which may encode a second putative mga-like gene, mgx2. Allelic exchange mutagenesis of simA and scpI was employed to investigate the potential role of these genes in S. iniae virulence. Our hybrid striped bass (HSB) and zebrafish models of infection revealed that M-like protein contributes significantly to S. iniae pathogenesis whereas C5a peptidase-like protein does not. Further, in vitro cell-based analyses indicate that SiMA, like other M family proteins, contributes to cellular adherence and invasion and provides resistance to phagocytic killing. Attenuation in our virulence models was also observed in the S. iniae isolate possessing a natural simA mutation. Vaccination of HSB with the Delta simA mutant provided 100% protection against subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of wild-type (WT) S. iniae after 1,400 degree days, and shows promise as a target for live attenuated vaccine development.
Analysis of M-like protein and C5a peptidase through allelic replacement revealed that M-like protein plays a significant role in S. iniae virulence, and the Mga-like locus, which may regulate expression of this gene, has an unusual arrangement. The M-like protein mutant created in this research holds promise as live-attenuated vaccine.</description><subject>Adhesins, Bacterial - metabolism</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquaculture</subject><subject>Attenuation</subject><subject>Bass</subject><subject>Biotechnology/Applied Microbiology</subject><subject>Cell adhesion & migration</subject><subject>Clonal deletion</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Computational Biology - methods</subject><subject>Danio rerio</subject><subject>Endopeptidases - metabolism</subject><subject>Fines & penalties</subject><subject>Fishes</subject><subject>Fishes - metabolism</subject><subject>Frameshift mutation</subject><subject>Gene deletion</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetics and Genomics/Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Immunology/Immunity to Infections</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections</subject><subject>Insertion</subject><subject>Lethal dose</subject><subject>M-like protein</subject><subject>Microbiology/Applied Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology/Innate Immunity</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Morone saxatilis</subject><subject>Mutagenesis</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Open Reading Frames</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Peptidase</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Phagocytes</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</subject><subject>Streptococcus</subject><subject>Streptococcus - metabolism</subject><subject>Streptococcus iniae</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Vaccine development</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Vaccines - chemistry</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence (Microbiology)</subject><subject>Virulence factors</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - physiology</subject><subject>Zebrafish</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluLUzEQxw-iuOvqNxANCAs-tOZ2bi_CsngprCy46mvISSZt1jSpSU5R_PKm9qit-CB5mDD5zeU_map6TPCcsJa8uA1j9NLNN8HDHGNMO8rvVKekZ3TWUMzuHtxPqgcp3WJcs65p7lcnpJiacnJafb_JETY5qKDUmJD1VgJ6N3P2M6BNDBmsRyr4HO0wZkgoB7S1cXTgFRQaGZtWSHqNbEISZRmXkJEJETm7BSRzBj_KDBptpVLWA9KwBRc2a_D5YXXPSJfg0WTPqo-vX324fDu7un6zuLy4mqmmZ3nWGEk0tCAJHRjTQGqgHYdm6Amvi8Ke14PBHcG6AaINH7oaD0rWjaakVgNhZ9XTfd6NC0lMc0uCMEIZpbxvC7HYEzrIW7GJdi3jNxGkFT8dIS6FjNkqB0Kbgba864FrxhsKHVWYG8ZxVwQatqv2cqo2DmvQqgiN0h0lPX7xdiWWYSso71jbNSXB-ZQghi8jpCzWNilwTnoIY-m7bzBvW1zAZ3-B_9Y231NLWdq33oRSVZWjYW3L14KxxX_BW9qwjpKdgOdHAbvvh695KceUxOLm_f-z15-O2fMDdgXS5VUKbsw2-HQM8j2oYkgpgvk9PILFbvd_6RS73RfT7pewJ4eD_xM0LTv7AeoeAXg</recordid><startdate>20080730</startdate><enddate>20080730</enddate><creator>Locke, Jeffrey B</creator><creator>Aziz, Ramy K</creator><creator>Vicknair, Mike R</creator><creator>Nizet, Victor</creator><creator>Buchanan, John T</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080730</creationdate><title>Streptococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for live attenuated vaccine development</title><author>Locke, Jeffrey B ; Aziz, Ramy K ; Vicknair, Mike R ; Nizet, Victor ; Buchanan, John T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-6fa1de7ea12b33de15e284e6b9145932945bf0810d6e1df4b850bca56d215cb13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adhesins, Bacterial - metabolism</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquaculture</topic><topic>Attenuation</topic><topic>Bass</topic><topic>Biotechnology/Applied Microbiology</topic><topic>Cell adhesion & migration</topic><topic>Clonal deletion</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Computational Biology - methods</topic><topic>Danio rerio</topic><topic>Endopeptidases - metabolism</topic><topic>Fines & penalties</topic><topic>Fishes</topic><topic>Fishes - metabolism</topic><topic>Frameshift mutation</topic><topic>Gene deletion</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetics and Genomics/Bioinformatics</topic><topic>Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Homology</topic><topic>Immunology/Immunity to Infections</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections</topic><topic>Insertion</topic><topic>Lethal dose</topic><topic>M-like protein</topic><topic>Microbiology/Applied Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiology/Innate Immunity</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Morone saxatilis</topic><topic>Mutagenesis</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Oceanography</topic><topic>Open Reading Frames</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Peptidase</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Phagocytes</topic><topic>Pharmacy</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</topic><topic>Streptococcus</topic><topic>Streptococcus - metabolism</topic><topic>Streptococcus iniae</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Vaccine development</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Vaccines - chemistry</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Virulence (Microbiology)</topic><topic>Virulence factors</topic><topic>Virulence Factors - metabolism</topic><topic>Virulence Factors - physiology</topic><topic>Zebrafish</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Locke, Jeffrey B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aziz, Ramy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vicknair, Mike R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nizet, Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buchanan, John T</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Through pyrosequencing of the S. iniae genome we have identified two gene homologues to classical surface-anchored streptococcal virulence factors: M-like protein (simA) and C5a peptidase (scpI).
S. iniae possesses a Mga-like locus containing simA and a divergently transcribed putative mga-like regulatory gene, mgx. In contrast to the Mga locus of group A Streptococcus (GAS, S. pyogenes), scpI is located distally in the chromosome. Comparative sequence analysis of the Mgx locus revealed only one significant variant, a strain with an insertion frameshift mutation in simA and a deletion mutation in a region downstream of mgx, generating an ORF which may encode a second putative mga-like gene, mgx2. Allelic exchange mutagenesis of simA and scpI was employed to investigate the potential role of these genes in S. iniae virulence. Our hybrid striped bass (HSB) and zebrafish models of infection revealed that M-like protein contributes significantly to S. iniae pathogenesis whereas C5a peptidase-like protein does not. Further, in vitro cell-based analyses indicate that SiMA, like other M family proteins, contributes to cellular adherence and invasion and provides resistance to phagocytic killing. Attenuation in our virulence models was also observed in the S. iniae isolate possessing a natural simA mutation. Vaccination of HSB with the Delta simA mutant provided 100% protection against subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of wild-type (WT) S. iniae after 1,400 degree days, and shows promise as a target for live attenuated vaccine development.
Analysis of M-like protein and C5a peptidase through allelic replacement revealed that M-like protein plays a significant role in S. iniae virulence, and the Mga-like locus, which may regulate expression of this gene, has an unusual arrangement. The M-like protein mutant created in this research holds promise as live-attenuated vaccine.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>18665241</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0002824</doi><tpages>e2824</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2008-07, Vol.3 (7), p.e2824-e2824 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1312322497 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adhesins, Bacterial - metabolism Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Amino acids Animals Aquaculture Attenuation Bass Biotechnology/Applied Microbiology Cell adhesion & migration Clonal deletion Comparative analysis Computational Biology - methods Danio rerio Endopeptidases - metabolism Fines & penalties Fishes Fishes - metabolism Frameshift mutation Gene deletion Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Genes Genetics and Genomics/Bioinformatics Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics Genomes Genomics Health aspects Homology Immunology/Immunity to Infections Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections Insertion Lethal dose M-like protein Microbiology/Applied Microbiology Microbiology/Innate Immunity Models, Genetic Molecular Sequence Data Morone saxatilis Mutagenesis Mutation Oceanography Open Reading Frames Pathogenesis Pediatrics Peptidase Peptides Phagocytes Pharmacy Phylogeny Proteins Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Streptococcus Streptococcus - metabolism Streptococcus iniae Vaccination Vaccine development Vaccines Vaccines - chemistry Virulence Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence factors Virulence Factors - metabolism Virulence Factors - physiology Zebrafish |
| title | Streptococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for live attenuated vaccine development |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-23T18%3A38%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Streptococcus%20iniae%20M-like%20protein%20contributes%20to%20virulence%20in%20fish%20and%20is%20a%20target%20for%20live%20attenuated%20vaccine%20development&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Locke,%20Jeffrey%20B&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e2824&rft.epage=e2824&rft.pages=e2824-e2824&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002824&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA472638211%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1312322497&rft_id=info:pmid/18665241&rft_galeid=A472638211&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_dfb27489e4d3462e82c04f3408accf31&rfr_iscdi=true |