CB1 expression is attenuated in Fallopian tube and decidua of women with ectopic pregnancy
Embryo retention in the Fallopian tube (FT) is thought to lead to ectopic pregnancy (EP), a considerable cause of morbidity. In mice, genetic/pharmacological silencing of cannabinoid receptor Cnr1, encoding CB1, causes retention of embryos in the oviduct. The role of the endocannabinoids in tubal im...
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| description | Embryo retention in the Fallopian tube (FT) is thought to lead to ectopic pregnancy (EP), a considerable cause of morbidity. In mice, genetic/pharmacological silencing of cannabinoid receptor Cnr1, encoding CB1, causes retention of embryos in the oviduct. The role of the endocannabinoids in tubal implantation in humans is not known.
Timed FT biopsies (n = 18) were collected from women undergoing gynecological procedures for benign conditions. Endometrial biopsies and whole blood were collected from women undergoing surgery for EP (n = 11); management of miscarriage (n = 6), and termination of pregnancy (n = 8). Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, CB1 mRNA and protein expression levels/patterns were examined in FT and endometrial biopsies. The distribution of two polymorphisms of CNR1 was examined by TaqMan analysis of genomic DNA from the whole blood samples. In normal FT, CB1 mRNA was higher in luteal compared to follicular-phase (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0003969 |
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Timed FT biopsies (n = 18) were collected from women undergoing gynecological procedures for benign conditions. Endometrial biopsies and whole blood were collected from women undergoing surgery for EP (n = 11); management of miscarriage (n = 6), and termination of pregnancy (n = 8). Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, CB1 mRNA and protein expression levels/patterns were examined in FT and endometrial biopsies. The distribution of two polymorphisms of CNR1 was examined by TaqMan analysis of genomic DNA from the whole blood samples. In normal FT, CB1 mRNA was higher in luteal compared to follicular-phase (p<0.05). CB1 protein was located in smooth muscle of the wall and of endothelial vessels, and luminal epithelium of FT. In FT from women with EP, CB1 mRNA expression was low. CB1 mRNA expression was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in endometrium of women with EP compared to intrauterine pregnancies (IUP). Although of 1359G/A (rs1049353) polymorphisms of CNR1 gene suggests differential distribution of genotypes between the small, available cohorts of women with EP and those with IUP, results were not statistically significant.
CB1 mRNA shows temporal variation in expression in human FT, likely regulated by progesterone. CB1 mRNA is expressed in low levels in both the FT and endometrium of women with EP. We propose that aberrant endocannabinoid-signaling in human FT leads to EP. Furthermore, our finding of reduced mRNA expression along with a possible association between polymorphism genotypes of the CNR1 gene and EP, suggests a possible genetic predisposition to EP that warrants replication in a larger sample pool.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003969</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19093002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aberration ; Abortion ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis ; Biology ; Biopsy ; Blood ; Blood vessels ; Brain research ; Cannabinoid CB1 receptors ; Cocaine ; Decidua ; Decidua - metabolism ; Decidua - pathology ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Differential distribution ; DNA ; Down-Regulation - genetics ; Ectopic pregnancy ; Embryonic development ; Embryos ; Endometrium ; Epithelium ; Fallopian tube ; Fallopian Tubes - metabolism ; Female ; Gene expression ; Gene polymorphism ; Genes ; Genetic polymorphisms ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetics and Genomics ; Genotypes ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Implantation ; Medical research ; Middle Aged ; Miscarriage ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Biology ; Morbidity ; Muscles ; Nicotine ; Oviduct ; Pharmacology ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polymorphism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy complications ; Pregnancy, Ectopic - genetics ; Pregnancy, Ectopic - metabolism ; Pregnancy, Ectopic - pathology ; Pregnant women ; Progesterone ; Proteins ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism ; Retention ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Signaling ; Smooth muscle ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Surgery ; Temporal variations ; Women's Health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2008-12, Vol.3 (12), p.e3969-e3969</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2008 Horne et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Horne et al. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-3b6d115f85b127f5f715eab6ceae8a711ab7dddb7b37d5bf3769087a9fec3dac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-3b6d115f85b127f5f715eab6ceae8a711ab7dddb7b37d5bf3769087a9fec3dac3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2601032/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2601032/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Horne, Andrew W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phillips, 3rd, John A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kane, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lourenco, Paula C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Sarah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Alistair R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dey, Sudhansu K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Critchley, Hilary O D</creatorcontrib><title>CB1 expression is attenuated in Fallopian tube and decidua of women with ectopic pregnancy</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Embryo retention in the Fallopian tube (FT) is thought to lead to ectopic pregnancy (EP), a considerable cause of morbidity. In mice, genetic/pharmacological silencing of cannabinoid receptor Cnr1, encoding CB1, causes retention of embryos in the oviduct. The role of the endocannabinoids in tubal implantation in humans is not known.
Timed FT biopsies (n = 18) were collected from women undergoing gynecological procedures for benign conditions. Endometrial biopsies and whole blood were collected from women undergoing surgery for EP (n = 11); management of miscarriage (n = 6), and termination of pregnancy (n = 8). Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, CB1 mRNA and protein expression levels/patterns were examined in FT and endometrial biopsies. The distribution of two polymorphisms of CNR1 was examined by TaqMan analysis of genomic DNA from the whole blood samples. In normal FT, CB1 mRNA was higher in luteal compared to follicular-phase (p<0.05). CB1 protein was located in smooth muscle of the wall and of endothelial vessels, and luminal epithelium of FT. In FT from women with EP, CB1 mRNA expression was low. CB1 mRNA expression was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in endometrium of women with EP compared to intrauterine pregnancies (IUP). Although of 1359G/A (rs1049353) polymorphisms of CNR1 gene suggests differential distribution of genotypes between the small, available cohorts of women with EP and those with IUP, results were not statistically significant.
CB1 mRNA shows temporal variation in expression in human FT, likely regulated by progesterone. CB1 mRNA is expressed in low levels in both the FT and endometrium of women with EP. We propose that aberrant endocannabinoid-signaling in human FT leads to EP. Furthermore, our finding of reduced mRNA expression along with a possible association between polymorphism genotypes of the CNR1 gene and EP, suggests a possible genetic predisposition to EP that warrants replication in a larger sample pool.</description><subject>Aberration</subject><subject>Abortion</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cannabinoid CB1 receptors</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Decidua</subject><subject>Decidua - metabolism</subject><subject>Decidua - pathology</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Differential distribution</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Down-Regulation - genetics</subject><subject>Ectopic pregnancy</subject><subject>Embryonic development</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Endometrium</subject><subject>Epithelium</subject><subject>Fallopian tube</subject><subject>Fallopian Tubes - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene polymorphism</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic polymorphisms</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Implantation</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscarriage</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Molecular Biology</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Oviduct</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy complications</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Ectopic - genetics</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Ectopic - metabolism</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Ectopic - pathology</subject><subject>Pregnant women</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics</subject><subject>Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Smooth muscle</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Temporal variations</subject><subject>Women's Health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99rFDEQxxdRbK3-B6IBoeDDncnmdrP7ItRi9aBQ8NeDL2GSTO5y7CXXTda2_705b9U7EZQ8JEw-883MZKYonjI6ZVywV6sw9B666SZ4nFJKeVu394pj1vJyUpeU3987HxWPYlxRWvGmrh8WR6ylLae0PC6-nr9hBG83PcbogicuEkgJ_QAJDXGeXEDXhY0DT9KgkIA3xKB2ZgASLLkJa_TkxqUlQZ0yp0mWWnjw-u5x8cBCF_HJuJ8Uny_efjp_P7m8ejc_P7uc6LrlacJVbRirbFMpVgpbWcEqBFVrBGxAMAZKGGOUUFyYSlku6pY2AlqLmhvQ_KR4vtPddCHKsSxRMs5Kzuq2pZmY7wgTYCU3vVtDfycDOPnDEPqFhD453aHEqlRUKaMZNTNrKShsywbrigqeBTFrvR5fG9QajUafeugORA9vvFvKRfgmy5oyyssscDoK9OF6wJjk2kWNXQcewxDlNuJKMPFPsKSlaJtZk8EXf4B_L8J0Ry0g5-m8DTk8nZfBtdO5iazL9rOZKCte5wJnh5cHDplJeJsWMMQo5x8__D979eWQPd1jlwhdWsbQDSn3XzwEZztQ9yHGHu2vKjMqtzPwM0-5nQE5zkB2e7b_Q7-dxqbn3wF5mANL</recordid><startdate>20081218</startdate><enddate>20081218</enddate><creator>Horne, Andrew W</creator><creator>Phillips, 3rd, John A</creator><creator>Kane, Nicole</creator><creator>Lourenco, Paula C</creator><creator>McDonald, Sarah E</creator><creator>Williams, Alistair R W</creator><creator>Simon, Carlos</creator><creator>Dey, Sudhansu K</creator><creator>Critchley, Hilary O D</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081218</creationdate><title>CB1 expression is attenuated in Fallopian tube and decidua of women with ectopic pregnancy</title><author>Horne, Andrew W ; Phillips, 3rd, John A ; Kane, Nicole ; Lourenco, Paula C ; McDonald, Sarah E ; Williams, Alistair R W ; Simon, Carlos ; Dey, Sudhansu K ; Critchley, Hilary O D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c693t-3b6d115f85b127f5f715eab6ceae8a711ab7dddb7b37d5bf3769087a9fec3dac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Aberration</topic><topic>Abortion</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood vessels</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Cannabinoid CB1 receptors</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Decidua</topic><topic>Decidua - metabolism</topic><topic>Decidua - pathology</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Differential distribution</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Down-Regulation - genetics</topic><topic>Ectopic pregnancy</topic><topic>Embryonic development</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Endometrium</topic><topic>Epithelium</topic><topic>Fallopian tube</topic><topic>Fallopian Tubes - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene polymorphism</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic polymorphisms</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Implantation</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscarriage</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Molecular Biology</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Oviduct</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy complications</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Ectopic - genetics</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Ectopic - metabolism</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Ectopic - pathology</topic><topic>Pregnant women</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics</topic><topic>Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Retention</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Smooth muscle</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Temporal variations</topic><topic>Women's Health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Horne, Andrew W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phillips, 3rd, John A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kane, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lourenco, Paula C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Sarah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Alistair R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dey, Sudhansu K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Critchley, Hilary O D</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Horne, Andrew W</au><au>Phillips, 3rd, John A</au><au>Kane, Nicole</au><au>Lourenco, Paula C</au><au>McDonald, Sarah E</au><au>Williams, Alistair R W</au><au>Simon, Carlos</au><au>Dey, Sudhansu K</au><au>Critchley, Hilary O D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CB1 expression is attenuated in Fallopian tube and decidua of women with ectopic pregnancy</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2008-12-18</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e3969</spage><epage>e3969</epage><pages>e3969-e3969</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Embryo retention in the Fallopian tube (FT) is thought to lead to ectopic pregnancy (EP), a considerable cause of morbidity. In mice, genetic/pharmacological silencing of cannabinoid receptor Cnr1, encoding CB1, causes retention of embryos in the oviduct. The role of the endocannabinoids in tubal implantation in humans is not known.
Timed FT biopsies (n = 18) were collected from women undergoing gynecological procedures for benign conditions. Endometrial biopsies and whole blood were collected from women undergoing surgery for EP (n = 11); management of miscarriage (n = 6), and termination of pregnancy (n = 8). Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, CB1 mRNA and protein expression levels/patterns were examined in FT and endometrial biopsies. The distribution of two polymorphisms of CNR1 was examined by TaqMan analysis of genomic DNA from the whole blood samples. In normal FT, CB1 mRNA was higher in luteal compared to follicular-phase (p<0.05). CB1 protein was located in smooth muscle of the wall and of endothelial vessels, and luminal epithelium of FT. In FT from women with EP, CB1 mRNA expression was low. CB1 mRNA expression was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in endometrium of women with EP compared to intrauterine pregnancies (IUP). Although of 1359G/A (rs1049353) polymorphisms of CNR1 gene suggests differential distribution of genotypes between the small, available cohorts of women with EP and those with IUP, results were not statistically significant.
CB1 mRNA shows temporal variation in expression in human FT, likely regulated by progesterone. CB1 mRNA is expressed in low levels in both the FT and endometrium of women with EP. We propose that aberrant endocannabinoid-signaling in human FT leads to EP. Furthermore, our finding of reduced mRNA expression along with a possible association between polymorphism genotypes of the CNR1 gene and EP, suggests a possible genetic predisposition to EP that warrants replication in a larger sample pool.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>19093002</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0003969</doi><tpages>e3969</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2008-12, Vol.3 (12), p.e3969-e3969 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1312316990 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Aberration Abortion Adolescent Adult Analysis Biology Biopsy Blood Blood vessels Brain research Cannabinoid CB1 receptors Cocaine Decidua Decidua - metabolism Decidua - pathology Deoxyribonucleic acid Differential distribution DNA Down-Regulation - genetics Ectopic pregnancy Embryonic development Embryos Endometrium Epithelium Fallopian tube Fallopian Tubes - metabolism Female Gene expression Gene polymorphism Genes Genetic polymorphisms Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetics and Genomics Genotypes Growth factors Humans Immunohistochemistry Implantation Medical research Middle Aged Miscarriage Models, Biological Molecular Biology Morbidity Muscles Nicotine Oviduct Pharmacology Polymerase chain reaction Polymorphism Pregnancy Pregnancy complications Pregnancy, Ectopic - genetics Pregnancy, Ectopic - metabolism Pregnancy, Ectopic - pathology Pregnant women Progesterone Proteins Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism Retention RNA RNA, Messenger - metabolism Signaling Smooth muscle Statistical analysis Statistical methods Surgery Temporal variations Women's Health Young Adult |
| title | CB1 expression is attenuated in Fallopian tube and decidua of women with ectopic pregnancy |
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