Culling-induced changes in badger (Meles meles) behaviour, social organisation and the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis
In the UK, attempts since the 1970s to control the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle by culling a wildlife host, the European badger (Meles meles), have produced equivocal results. Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predi...
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| description | In the UK, attempts since the 1970s to control the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle by culling a wildlife host, the European badger (Meles meles), have produced equivocal results. Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predictions from the 'perturbation hypothesis', determining the impact of culling operations on badger populations, movement of surviving individuals and the influence on the epidemiology of bTB in badgers using data dervied from two study areas within the UK Government's Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Culling operations did not remove all individuals from setts, with between 34-43% of badgers removed from targeted social groups. After culling, bTB prevalence increased in badger social groups neighbouring removals, particularly amongst cubs. Seventy individual adult badgers were fitted with radio-collars, yielding 8,311 locational fixes from both sites between November 2001 and December 2003. Home range areas of animals surviving within removed groups increased by 43.5% in response to culling. Overlap between summer ranges of individuals from Neighbouring social groups in the treatment population increased by 73.3% in response to culling. The movement rate of individuals between social groups was low, but increased after culling, in Removed and Neighbouring social groups. Increased bTB prevalence in Neighbouring groups was associated with badger movements both into and out of these groups, although none of the moving individuals themselves tested positive for bTB. Significant increases in both the frequency of individual badger movements between groups and the emergence of bTB were observed in response to culling. However, no direct evidence was found to link the two phenomena. We hypothesise that the social disruption caused by culling may not only increase direct contact and thus disease transmission between surviving badgers, but may also increase social stress within the surviving population, causing immunosuppression and enhancing the expression of disease. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0028904 |
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Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predictions from the 'perturbation hypothesis', determining the impact of culling operations on badger populations, movement of surviving individuals and the influence on the epidemiology of bTB in badgers using data dervied from two study areas within the UK Government's Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Culling operations did not remove all individuals from setts, with between 34-43% of badgers removed from targeted social groups. After culling, bTB prevalence increased in badger social groups neighbouring removals, particularly amongst cubs. Seventy individual adult badgers were fitted with radio-collars, yielding 8,311 locational fixes from both sites between November 2001 and December 2003. Home range areas of animals surviving within removed groups increased by 43.5% in response to culling. Overlap between summer ranges of individuals from Neighbouring social groups in the treatment population increased by 73.3% in response to culling. The movement rate of individuals between social groups was low, but increased after culling, in Removed and Neighbouring social groups. Increased bTB prevalence in Neighbouring groups was associated with badger movements both into and out of these groups, although none of the moving individuals themselves tested positive for bTB. Significant increases in both the frequency of individual badger movements between groups and the emergence of bTB were observed in response to culling. However, no direct evidence was found to link the two phenomena. We hypothesise that the social disruption caused by culling may not only increase direct contact and thus disease transmission between surviving badgers, but may also increase social stress within the surviving population, causing immunosuppression and enhancing the expression of disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028904</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22194946</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Badgers ; Behavior, Animal - physiology ; Biology ; Bovidae ; Bovine tuberculosis ; Cattle ; Collars ; Culling ; Development and progression ; Disease transmission ; Disruption ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Home range ; Immunosuppression ; Male ; Meles meles ; Mustelidae - physiology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Organizational aspects ; Perturbation ; Populations ; Prevalence ; Social aspects ; Social Behavior ; Social interactions ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology ; United Kingdom - epidemiology ; Veterinary Science ; Wildlife ; Wildlife conservation ; Wildlife radiolocation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-12, Vol.6 (12), p.e28904</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Riordan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predictions from the 'perturbation hypothesis', determining the impact of culling operations on badger populations, movement of surviving individuals and the influence on the epidemiology of bTB in badgers using data dervied from two study areas within the UK Government's Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Culling operations did not remove all individuals from setts, with between 34-43% of badgers removed from targeted social groups. After culling, bTB prevalence increased in badger social groups neighbouring removals, particularly amongst cubs. Seventy individual adult badgers were fitted with radio-collars, yielding 8,311 locational fixes from both sites between November 2001 and December 2003. Home range areas of animals surviving within removed groups increased by 43.5% in response to culling. Overlap between summer ranges of individuals from Neighbouring social groups in the treatment population increased by 73.3% in response to culling. The movement rate of individuals between social groups was low, but increased after culling, in Removed and Neighbouring social groups. Increased bTB prevalence in Neighbouring groups was associated with badger movements both into and out of these groups, although none of the moving individuals themselves tested positive for bTB. Significant increases in both the frequency of individual badger movements between groups and the emergence of bTB were observed in response to culling. However, no direct evidence was found to link the two phenomena. We hypothesise that the social disruption caused by culling may not only increase direct contact and thus disease transmission between surviving badgers, but may also increase social stress within the surviving population, causing immunosuppression and enhancing the expression of disease.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Badgers</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Bovidae</subject><subject>Bovine tuberculosis</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Collars</subject><subject>Culling</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Disruption</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Home range</subject><subject>Immunosuppression</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Meles meles</subject><subject>Mustelidae - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Riordan, Philip</au><au>Delahay, Richard John</au><au>Cheeseman, Chris</au><au>Johnson, Paul James</au><au>Macdonald, David Whyte</au><au>Gordon, Deborah M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Culling-induced changes in badger (Meles meles) behaviour, social organisation and the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-12-14</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e28904</spage><pages>e28904-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In the UK, attempts since the 1970s to control the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle by culling a wildlife host, the European badger (Meles meles), have produced equivocal results. Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predictions from the 'perturbation hypothesis', determining the impact of culling operations on badger populations, movement of surviving individuals and the influence on the epidemiology of bTB in badgers using data dervied from two study areas within the UK Government's Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Culling operations did not remove all individuals from setts, with between 34-43% of badgers removed from targeted social groups. After culling, bTB prevalence increased in badger social groups neighbouring removals, particularly amongst cubs. Seventy individual adult badgers were fitted with radio-collars, yielding 8,311 locational fixes from both sites between November 2001 and December 2003. Home range areas of animals surviving within removed groups increased by 43.5% in response to culling. Overlap between summer ranges of individuals from Neighbouring social groups in the treatment population increased by 73.3% in response to culling. The movement rate of individuals between social groups was low, but increased after culling, in Removed and Neighbouring social groups. Increased bTB prevalence in Neighbouring groups was associated with badger movements both into and out of these groups, although none of the moving individuals themselves tested positive for bTB. Significant increases in both the frequency of individual badger movements between groups and the emergence of bTB were observed in response to culling. However, no direct evidence was found to link the two phenomena. We hypothesise that the social disruption caused by culling may not only increase direct contact and thus disease transmission between surviving badgers, but may also increase social stress within the surviving population, causing immunosuppression and enhancing the expression of disease.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22194946</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0028904</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Animal behavior Animals Badgers Behavior, Animal - physiology Biology Bovidae Bovine tuberculosis Cattle Collars Culling Development and progression Disease transmission Disruption Epidemiology Female Global positioning systems GPS Home range Immunosuppression Male Meles meles Mustelidae - physiology Mycobacterium bovis Organizational aspects Perturbation Populations Prevalence Social aspects Social Behavior Social interactions Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology United Kingdom - epidemiology Veterinary Science Wildlife Wildlife conservation Wildlife radiolocation |
| title | Culling-induced changes in badger (Meles meles) behaviour, social organisation and the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis |
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