A naturally associated rhizobacterium of Arabidopsis thaliana induces a starvation-like transcriptional response while promoting growth
Plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria is a known phenomenon but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-pr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-12, Vol.6 (12), p.e29382-e29382 |
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| creator | Schwachtje, Jens Karojet, Silke Thormählen, Ina Bernholz, Carolin Kunz, Sabine Brouwer, Stephan Schwochow, Melanie Köhl, Karin van Dongen, Joost T |
| description | Plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria is a known phenomenon but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-promotion. We isolated a Pseudomonas bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. G62) from roots of field-grown Arabidopsis plants that has not been described previously and analyzed its effect on plant growth, gene expression and the level of sugars and amino acids in the host plant. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. G62 promoted plant growth under various growth conditions. Microarray analysis revealed rapid changes in transcript levels of genes annotated to energy-, sugar- and cell wall metabolism in plants 6 h after root inoculation with P. sp. G62. The expression of several of these genes remained stable over weeks, but appeared differentially regulated in roots and shoots. The global gene expression profile observed after inoculation with P. sp. G62 showed a striking resemblance with previously described carbohydrate starvation experiments, although plants were not depleted from soluble sugars, and even showed a slight increase of the sucrose level in roots 5 weeks after inoculation. We suggest that the starvation-like transcriptional phenotype - while steady state sucrose levels are not reduced - is induced by a yet unknown signal from the bacterium that simulates sugar starvation. We discuss the potential effects of the sugar starvation signal on plant growth promotion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0029382 |
| format | Article |
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We searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-promotion. We isolated a Pseudomonas bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. G62) from roots of field-grown Arabidopsis plants that has not been described previously and analyzed its effect on plant growth, gene expression and the level of sugars and amino acids in the host plant. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. G62 promoted plant growth under various growth conditions. Microarray analysis revealed rapid changes in transcript levels of genes annotated to energy-, sugar- and cell wall metabolism in plants 6 h after root inoculation with P. sp. G62. The expression of several of these genes remained stable over weeks, but appeared differentially regulated in roots and shoots. The global gene expression profile observed after inoculation with P. sp. G62 showed a striking resemblance with previously described carbohydrate starvation experiments, although plants were not depleted from soluble sugars, and even showed a slight increase of the sucrose level in roots 5 weeks after inoculation. We suggest that the starvation-like transcriptional phenotype - while steady state sucrose levels are not reduced - is induced by a yet unknown signal from the bacterium that simulates sugar starvation. We discuss the potential effects of the sugar starvation signal on plant growth promotion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029382</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22216267</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Analysis ; Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis - microbiology ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Bacteria ; Biology ; Carbohydrates ; Cell walls ; DNA microarrays ; Enzymes ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic aspects ; Genomes ; Growth ; Growth conditions ; Host plants ; Inoculation ; Metabolism ; Molecular modelling ; Nitrogen ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plant genetics ; Plant growth ; Plant Roots - microbiology ; Promotion ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas - physiology ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Roots ; Shoots ; Sucrose ; Sugar ; Transcription ; Transcription (Genetics) ; Transcription factors ; Transcription, Genetic</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-12, Vol.6 (12), p.e29382-e29382</ispartof><rights>2011 Schwachtje et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Schwachtje et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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We searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-promotion. We isolated a Pseudomonas bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. G62) from roots of field-grown Arabidopsis plants that has not been described previously and analyzed its effect on plant growth, gene expression and the level of sugars and amino acids in the host plant. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. G62 promoted plant growth under various growth conditions. Microarray analysis revealed rapid changes in transcript levels of genes annotated to energy-, sugar- and cell wall metabolism in plants 6 h after root inoculation with P. sp. G62. The expression of several of these genes remained stable over weeks, but appeared differentially regulated in roots and shoots. The global gene expression profile observed after inoculation with P. sp. 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We discuss the potential effects of the sugar starvation signal on plant growth promotion.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - microbiology</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>DNA microarrays</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes, Plant</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Growth conditions</subject><subject>Host plants</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant genetics</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Roots - microbiology</subject><subject>Promotion</subject><subject>Pseudomonas</subject><subject>Pseudomonas - physiology</subject><subject>Pseudomonas fluorescens</subject><subject>Roots</subject><subject>Shoots</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Sugar</subject><subject>Transcription</subject><subject>Transcription (Genetics)</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1uL1DAUx4so7rr6DUQDguLDjLlN2r4Iw-JlYGHB22s4TdNp1kxTk3TX9Qv4tU2d7jKVfZA8JCS_8z-3nCx7SvCSsJy8uXCD78Aue9fpJca0ZAW9lx2TktGFoJjdPzgfZY9CuMB4xQohHmZHlFIiqMiPs99r1EEcPFh7jSAEpwxEXSPfml-uAhW1N8MOuQatPVSmdn0wAcUWrIEOkOnqQemAAIUI_hKicd3Cmu8aRQ9dUN704xVY5HVIkQaNrlpjNeq927loui3aencV28fZgwZs0E-m_ST7-v7dl9OPi7PzD5vT9dlCiZLERaloRbnIKXABKZ9mxVIuIHJMq1Ve5UUFulYNbVaE5qUAtiqF4lqwqgBRUcpOsud73d66IKcaBkkYIRSLouCJ2OyJ2sGF7L3Zgb-WDoz8e-H8VoKPRlktG060LiluSKk4LlhBRA2KcwKEcQYsab2dvA3VLgWmu1QWOxOdv3SmlVt3KRnleepPEng1CXj3Y9Ahyp0JSlsLnXZDkCXhtCwKPIb94h_y7uQmagspftM1LrlVo6Zc81wUqwKLkVreQaVV651R6b81qYVzg9czg8RE_TNuYQhBbj5_-n_2_NucfXnAthpsbIOzw_inwhzke1B5F4LXzW2NCZbjuNxUQ47jIqdxSWbPDvtza3QzH-wPDuoSPw</recordid><startdate>20111228</startdate><enddate>20111228</enddate><creator>Schwachtje, Jens</creator><creator>Karojet, Silke</creator><creator>Thormählen, Ina</creator><creator>Bernholz, Carolin</creator><creator>Kunz, Sabine</creator><creator>Brouwer, Stephan</creator><creator>Schwochow, Melanie</creator><creator>Köhl, Karin</creator><creator>van Dongen, Joost T</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111228</creationdate><title>A naturally associated rhizobacterium of Arabidopsis thaliana induces a starvation-like transcriptional response while promoting growth</title><author>Schwachtje, Jens ; Karojet, Silke ; Thormählen, Ina ; Bernholz, Carolin ; Kunz, Sabine ; Brouwer, Stephan ; Schwochow, Melanie ; Köhl, Karin ; van Dongen, Joost T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-9c2b24672a46a005f53222a6702b57b78baedcf2f512796a3596c4e63b8a6b223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Arabidopsis</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - 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We searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-promotion. We isolated a Pseudomonas bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. G62) from roots of field-grown Arabidopsis plants that has not been described previously and analyzed its effect on plant growth, gene expression and the level of sugars and amino acids in the host plant. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. G62 promoted plant growth under various growth conditions. Microarray analysis revealed rapid changes in transcript levels of genes annotated to energy-, sugar- and cell wall metabolism in plants 6 h after root inoculation with P. sp. G62. The expression of several of these genes remained stable over weeks, but appeared differentially regulated in roots and shoots. The global gene expression profile observed after inoculation with P. sp. G62 showed a striking resemblance with previously described carbohydrate starvation experiments, although plants were not depleted from soluble sugars, and even showed a slight increase of the sucrose level in roots 5 weeks after inoculation. We suggest that the starvation-like transcriptional phenotype - while steady state sucrose levels are not reduced - is induced by a yet unknown signal from the bacterium that simulates sugar starvation. We discuss the potential effects of the sugar starvation signal on plant growth promotion.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22216267</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0029382</doi><tpages>e29382</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amino acids Analysis Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis - microbiology Arabidopsis thaliana Bacteria Biology Carbohydrates Cell walls DNA microarrays Enzymes Gene expression Gene Expression Profiling Genes Genes, Plant Genetic aspects Genomes Growth Growth conditions Host plants Inoculation Metabolism Molecular modelling Nitrogen Physiological aspects Physiology Plant genetics Plant growth Plant Roots - microbiology Promotion Pseudomonas Pseudomonas - physiology Pseudomonas fluorescens Roots Shoots Sucrose Sugar Transcription Transcription (Genetics) Transcription factors Transcription, Genetic |
| title | A naturally associated rhizobacterium of Arabidopsis thaliana induces a starvation-like transcriptional response while promoting growth |
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