Transcriptome of small regulatory RNAs in the development of the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella spiralis is a parasite with unique features. It is a multicellular organism but with an intracellular parasitization and development stage. T. spiralis is the helminthic pathogen that causes zoonotic trichinellosis and afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide, whereas the parasite&...
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| description | Trichinella spiralis is a parasite with unique features. It is a multicellular organism but with an intracellular parasitization and development stage. T. spiralis is the helminthic pathogen that causes zoonotic trichinellosis and afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide, whereas the parasite's biology, especially the developmental regulation is largely unknown. In other organisms, small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) execute post-transcriptional regulation by translational repression or mRNA degradation, and a large number of miRNAs have been identified in diverse species. In T. spiralis, the profile of small non-coding RNAs and their function remains poorly understood.
Here, the transcriptional profiles of miRNA and siRNA in three developmental stages of T. spiralis in the rat host were investigated, and compared by high-throughput cDNA sequencing technique ("RNA-seq"). 5,443,641 unique sequence tags were obtained. Of these, 21 represented conserved miRNAs related to 13 previously identified metazoan miRNA families and 213 were novel miRNAs so far unique to T. spiralis. Some of these miRNAs exhibited stage-specific expression. Expression of miRNAs was confirmed in three stages of the life cycle by qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis. In addition, endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs) were found mainly derived from natural antisense transcripts (NAT) and transposable elements (TE) in the parasite.
We provide evidence for the presence of miRNAs and endo-siRNAs in T. spiralis. The miRNAs accounted for the major proportion of the small regulatory RNA population of T. spiralis, while fewer endogenous siRNAs were found. The finding of stage-specific expression patterns of the miRNAs in different developmental stages of T. spiralis suggests that miRNAs may play important roles in parasite development. Our data provide a basis for further understanding of the molecular regulation and functional evolution of miRNAs in parasitic nematodes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0026448 |
| format | Article |
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Here, the transcriptional profiles of miRNA and siRNA in three developmental stages of T. spiralis in the rat host were investigated, and compared by high-throughput cDNA sequencing technique ("RNA-seq"). 5,443,641 unique sequence tags were obtained. Of these, 21 represented conserved miRNAs related to 13 previously identified metazoan miRNA families and 213 were novel miRNAs so far unique to T. spiralis. Some of these miRNAs exhibited stage-specific expression. Expression of miRNAs was confirmed in three stages of the life cycle by qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis. In addition, endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs) were found mainly derived from natural antisense transcripts (NAT) and transposable elements (TE) in the parasite.
We provide evidence for the presence of miRNAs and endo-siRNAs in T. spiralis. The miRNAs accounted for the major proportion of the small regulatory RNA population of T. spiralis, while fewer endogenous siRNAs were found. The finding of stage-specific expression patterns of the miRNAs in different developmental stages of T. spiralis suggests that miRNAs may play important roles in parasite development. Our data provide a basis for further understanding of the molecular regulation and functional evolution of miRNAs in parasitic nematodes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026448</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22096484</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Antisense RNA ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Bioinformatics ; Biology ; Conserved sequence ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Developmental stages ; DNA ; Education ; Gene expression ; Gene regulation ; Gene sequencing ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Laboratories ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle engineering ; Life cycles ; Lung cancer ; Medicine ; MicroRNA ; MicroRNAs ; MicroRNAs - genetics ; miRNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Molecular biology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nematodes ; Nucleotide sequence ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Parasitology ; Pathogens ; Physics ; Post-transcription ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; RNA, Helminth - genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering - genetics ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; siRNA ; Transcription (Genetics) ; Transposons ; Trends ; Trichinella spiralis ; Trichinella spiralis - genetics ; Trichinellosis ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-11, Vol.6 (11), p.e26448-e26448</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Liu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Liu et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c761t-7630116cac489afd710c5000ae962f68edd44d88e4eb905e52fe6b992e29f5033</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212509/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212509/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096484$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Freitag, Michael</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaolei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yanxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Huijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piao, Xianyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Shuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Jigang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Mingyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Qijun</creatorcontrib><title>Transcriptome of small regulatory RNAs in the development of the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Trichinella spiralis is a parasite with unique features. It is a multicellular organism but with an intracellular parasitization and development stage. T. spiralis is the helminthic pathogen that causes zoonotic trichinellosis and afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide, whereas the parasite's biology, especially the developmental regulation is largely unknown. In other organisms, small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) execute post-transcriptional regulation by translational repression or mRNA degradation, and a large number of miRNAs have been identified in diverse species. In T. spiralis, the profile of small non-coding RNAs and their function remains poorly understood.
Here, the transcriptional profiles of miRNA and siRNA in three developmental stages of T. spiralis in the rat host were investigated, and compared by high-throughput cDNA sequencing technique ("RNA-seq"). 5,443,641 unique sequence tags were obtained. Of these, 21 represented conserved miRNAs related to 13 previously identified metazoan miRNA families and 213 were novel miRNAs so far unique to T. spiralis. Some of these miRNAs exhibited stage-specific expression. Expression of miRNAs was confirmed in three stages of the life cycle by qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis. In addition, endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs) were found mainly derived from natural antisense transcripts (NAT) and transposable elements (TE) in the parasite.
We provide evidence for the presence of miRNAs and endo-siRNAs in T. spiralis. The miRNAs accounted for the major proportion of the small regulatory RNA population of T. spiralis, while fewer endogenous siRNAs were found. The finding of stage-specific expression patterns of the miRNAs in different developmental stages of T. spiralis suggests that miRNAs may play important roles in parasite development. Our data provide a basis for further understanding of the molecular regulation and functional evolution of miRNAs in parasitic nematodes.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antisense RNA</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Conserved sequence</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle engineering</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>MicroRNA</subject><subject>MicroRNAs</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - genetics</subject><subject>miRNA</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Nematodes</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Post-transcription</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Helminth - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Small Interfering - genetics</subject><subject>Schistosoma mansoni</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, RNA</subject><subject>siRNA</subject><subject>Transcription (Genetics)</subject><subject>Transposons</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Trichinella spiralis</subject><subject>Trichinella spiralis - genetics</subject><subject>Trichinellosis</subject><subject>Zoonoses</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLguLFjPlq2t4Iw-LHwOLCOnobMulpJ0PadJN0cf31pk53mcpeSC9STp7znpw3OUnyEqMlpjn-sLeD66RZ9raDJUKEM1Y8Sk5xScmCE0QfH_2fJM-83yOU0YLzp8kJIajkrGCnSbNxsvPK6T7YFlJbp76VxqQOmsHIYN1tevVt5VPdpWEHaQU3YGzfQhdGdgz9trazQau0l056HSDdOK12ugNjZOp77aTR_nnypJbGw4tpPUt-fP60Of-6uLj8sj5fXSxUznFY5JwijLmSihWlrKscI5UhhCSUnNS8gKpirCoKYLAtUQYZqYFvy5IAKesMUXqWvD7o9sZ6MXnkBaYY5ZxkLIvE-kBUVu5F73Qr3a2wUou_AesaIV3sx4Dg0SOJVMU5lGxb0BJVW6UIjQcrGEE4an2cqg3bFioVbYndzkTnO53eicbeCEowyVAZBd5NAs5eD-CDaLVXo3Md2MGL2CPP8xyPpd78Qz7c3EQ1Mp5fd7WNZdWoKVYs5wWnPB-p5QNU_CpotYrvqdYxPkt4P0uITIBfoZGD92L9_er_2cufc_btEbsDacLOWzMEbTs_B9kBVM5676C-9xgjMY7DnRtiHAcxjUNMe3V8P_dJd--f_gGgTAX2</recordid><startdate>20111101</startdate><enddate>20111101</enddate><creator>Liu, Xiaolei</creator><creator>Song, Yanxia</creator><creator>Lu, Huijun</creator><creator>Tang, Bin</creator><creator>Piao, Xianyu</creator><creator>Hou, Nan</creator><creator>Peng, Shuai</creator><creator>Jiang, Ning</creator><creator>Yin, Jigang</creator><creator>Liu, Mingyuan</creator><creator>Chen, Qijun</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111101</creationdate><title>Transcriptome of small regulatory RNAs in the development of the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis</title><author>Liu, Xiaolei ; Song, Yanxia ; Lu, Huijun ; Tang, Bin ; Piao, Xianyu ; Hou, Nan ; Peng, Shuai ; Jiang, Ning ; Yin, Jigang ; Liu, Mingyuan ; Chen, Qijun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c761t-7630116cac489afd710c5000ae962f68edd44d88e4eb905e52fe6b992e29f5033</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antisense RNA</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Bioinformatics</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Conserved sequence</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene regulation</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Life cycle analysis</topic><topic>Life cycle engineering</topic><topic>Life cycles</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>MicroRNA</topic><topic>MicroRNAs</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - genetics</topic><topic>miRNA</topic><topic>Mitochondrial DNA</topic><topic>Molecular biology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Nematodes</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Parasitology</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Post-transcription</topic><topic>Ribonucleic acid</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Helminth - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Small Interfering - genetics</topic><topic>Schistosoma mansoni</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, RNA</topic><topic>siRNA</topic><topic>Transcription (Genetics)</topic><topic>Transposons</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Trichinella spiralis</topic><topic>Trichinella spiralis - genetics</topic><topic>Trichinellosis</topic><topic>Zoonoses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaolei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yanxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Huijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piao, Xianyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Shuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Jigang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Mingyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Qijun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Xiaolei</au><au>Song, Yanxia</au><au>Lu, Huijun</au><au>Tang, Bin</au><au>Piao, Xianyu</au><au>Hou, Nan</au><au>Peng, Shuai</au><au>Jiang, Ning</au><au>Yin, Jigang</au><au>Liu, Mingyuan</au><au>Chen, Qijun</au><au>Freitag, Michael</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transcriptome of small regulatory RNAs in the development of the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-11-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e26448</spage><epage>e26448</epage><pages>e26448-e26448</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Trichinella spiralis is a parasite with unique features. It is a multicellular organism but with an intracellular parasitization and development stage. T. spiralis is the helminthic pathogen that causes zoonotic trichinellosis and afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide, whereas the parasite's biology, especially the developmental regulation is largely unknown. In other organisms, small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) execute post-transcriptional regulation by translational repression or mRNA degradation, and a large number of miRNAs have been identified in diverse species. In T. spiralis, the profile of small non-coding RNAs and their function remains poorly understood.
Here, the transcriptional profiles of miRNA and siRNA in three developmental stages of T. spiralis in the rat host were investigated, and compared by high-throughput cDNA sequencing technique ("RNA-seq"). 5,443,641 unique sequence tags were obtained. Of these, 21 represented conserved miRNAs related to 13 previously identified metazoan miRNA families and 213 were novel miRNAs so far unique to T. spiralis. Some of these miRNAs exhibited stage-specific expression. Expression of miRNAs was confirmed in three stages of the life cycle by qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis. In addition, endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs) were found mainly derived from natural antisense transcripts (NAT) and transposable elements (TE) in the parasite.
We provide evidence for the presence of miRNAs and endo-siRNAs in T. spiralis. The miRNAs accounted for the major proportion of the small regulatory RNA population of T. spiralis, while fewer endogenous siRNAs were found. The finding of stage-specific expression patterns of the miRNAs in different developmental stages of T. spiralis suggests that miRNAs may play important roles in parasite development. Our data provide a basis for further understanding of the molecular regulation and functional evolution of miRNAs in parasitic nematodes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22096484</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0026448</doi><tpages>e26448</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1310762545 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Antisense RNA Apoptosis Base Sequence Bioinformatics Biology Conserved sequence Deoxyribonucleic acid Developmental stages DNA Education Gene expression Gene regulation Gene sequencing Genomes Genomics Laboratories Life cycle analysis Life cycle engineering Life cycles Lung cancer Medicine MicroRNA MicroRNAs MicroRNAs - genetics miRNA Mitochondrial DNA Molecular biology Molecular Sequence Data Nematodes Nucleotide sequence Parasites Parasitic diseases Parasitology Pathogens Physics Post-transcription Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA, Helminth - genetics RNA, Small Interfering - genetics Schistosoma mansoni Sequence Analysis, RNA siRNA Transcription (Genetics) Transposons Trends Trichinella spiralis Trichinella spiralis - genetics Trichinellosis Zoonoses |
| title | Transcriptome of small regulatory RNAs in the development of the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T13%3A54%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transcriptome%20of%20small%20regulatory%20RNAs%20in%20the%20development%20of%20the%20zoonotic%20parasite%20Trichinella%20spiralis&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Liu,%20Xiaolei&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e26448&rft.epage=e26448&rft.pages=e26448-e26448&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0026448&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476863675%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1310762545&rft_id=info:pmid/22096484&rft_galeid=A476863675&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_6648a0cd66e94b8390dbcc23afd84201&rfr_iscdi=true |