The persistent circulation of enterovirus 71 in People's Republic of China: causing emerging nationwide epidemics since 2008
Emerging epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become a serious concern in mainland China. It caused 126 and 353 fatalities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The epidemiologic and pathogenic data of the outbreak collected from national laboratory net...
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| creator | Tan, Xiaojuan Huang, Xueyong Zhu, Shuangli Chen, Hui Yu, Qiuli Wang, Haiyan Huo, Xixiang Zhou, Jianhui Wu, Yan Yan, Dongmei Zhang, Yong Wang, Dongyan Cui, Aili An, Hongqiu Xu, Wenbo |
| description | Emerging epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become a serious concern in mainland China. It caused 126 and 353 fatalities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The epidemiologic and pathogenic data of the outbreak collected from national laboratory network and notifiable disease surveillance system. To understand the virological evolution of this emerging outbreak, 326 VP1 gene sequences of EV71 detected in China from 1987 to 2009 were collected for genetic analyses. Evidence from both traditional and molecular epidemiology confirmed that the recent HFMD outbreak was an emerging one caused by EV71 of subgenotype C4. This emerging HFMD outbreak is associated with EV71 of subgenotype C4, circulating persistently in mainland China since 1998, but not attributed to the importation of new genotype. Originating from 1992, subgenotype C4 has been the predominant genotype since 1998 in mainland China, with an evolutionary rate of 4.6∼4.8×10⁻³ nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the virus during this epidemic was the most recent descendant of subgenotype C4 (clade C4a). It suggests that the evolution might be one of the potential reasons for this native virus to cause the emerging outbreak in China. However, strong negative selective pressure on VP1 protein of EV71 suggested that immune escape might not be the evolving strategy of EV71, predicting a light future for vaccine development. Nonetheless, long-term antigenic and genetic surveillance is still necessary for further understanding. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0025662 |
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It caused 126 and 353 fatalities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The epidemiologic and pathogenic data of the outbreak collected from national laboratory network and notifiable disease surveillance system. To understand the virological evolution of this emerging outbreak, 326 VP1 gene sequences of EV71 detected in China from 1987 to 2009 were collected for genetic analyses. Evidence from both traditional and molecular epidemiology confirmed that the recent HFMD outbreak was an emerging one caused by EV71 of subgenotype C4. This emerging HFMD outbreak is associated with EV71 of subgenotype C4, circulating persistently in mainland China since 1998, but not attributed to the importation of new genotype. Originating from 1992, subgenotype C4 has been the predominant genotype since 1998 in mainland China, with an evolutionary rate of 4.6∼4.8×10⁻³ nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the virus during this epidemic was the most recent descendant of subgenotype C4 (clade C4a). It suggests that the evolution might be one of the potential reasons for this native virus to cause the emerging outbreak in China. However, strong negative selective pressure on VP1 protein of EV71 suggested that immune escape might not be the evolving strategy of EV71, predicting a light future for vaccine development. Nonetheless, long-term antigenic and genetic surveillance is still necessary for further understanding.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025662</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21980521</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Antigens ; Bayes Theorem ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; China - epidemiology ; Cladistic analysis ; Coxsackievirus infections ; Disease control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease prevention ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus A, Human - genetics ; Enterovirus A, Human - pathogenicity ; Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology ; Enterovirus Infections - virology ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Evolution ; Evolution (Biology) ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatalities ; Foot-and-mouth disease ; Gene sequencing ; Genomes ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins ; Hand-foot-and-mouth disease ; Humans ; Importation ; Infections ; Influenza ; Laboratories ; Ligands ; Medicine ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Pathogens ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Surveillance ; Trends ; Vaccine development ; Vero Cells ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; VP1 protein</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e25662-e25662</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Tan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Tan et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d86bbc6e457767731422b67306594ed634618067fdfc5ef39bc701ff301412ee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d86bbc6e457767731422b67306594ed634618067fdfc5ef39bc701ff301412ee3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181342/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181342/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980521$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tan, Xiaojuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Xueyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Shuangli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Qiuli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haiyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Xixiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Jianhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Dongmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dongyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Aili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Hongqiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wenbo</creatorcontrib><title>The persistent circulation of enterovirus 71 in People's Republic of China: causing emerging nationwide epidemics since 2008</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Emerging epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become a serious concern in mainland China. It caused 126 and 353 fatalities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The epidemiologic and pathogenic data of the outbreak collected from national laboratory network and notifiable disease surveillance system. To understand the virological evolution of this emerging outbreak, 326 VP1 gene sequences of EV71 detected in China from 1987 to 2009 were collected for genetic analyses. Evidence from both traditional and molecular epidemiology confirmed that the recent HFMD outbreak was an emerging one caused by EV71 of subgenotype C4. This emerging HFMD outbreak is associated with EV71 of subgenotype C4, circulating persistently in mainland China since 1998, but not attributed to the importation of new genotype. Originating from 1992, subgenotype C4 has been the predominant genotype since 1998 in mainland China, with an evolutionary rate of 4.6∼4.8×10⁻³ nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the virus during this epidemic was the most recent descendant of subgenotype C4 (clade C4a). It suggests that the evolution might be one of the potential reasons for this native virus to cause the emerging outbreak in China. However, strong negative selective pressure on VP1 protein of EV71 suggested that immune escape might not be the evolving strategy of EV71, predicting a light future for vaccine development. 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Wenbo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The persistent circulation of enterovirus 71 in People's Republic of China: causing emerging nationwide epidemics since 2008</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-09-28</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e25662</spage><epage>e25662</epage><pages>e25662-e25662</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Emerging epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become a serious concern in mainland China. It caused 126 and 353 fatalities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The epidemiologic and pathogenic data of the outbreak collected from national laboratory network and notifiable disease surveillance system. To understand the virological evolution of this emerging outbreak, 326 VP1 gene sequences of EV71 detected in China from 1987 to 2009 were collected for genetic analyses. Evidence from both traditional and molecular epidemiology confirmed that the recent HFMD outbreak was an emerging one caused by EV71 of subgenotype C4. This emerging HFMD outbreak is associated with EV71 of subgenotype C4, circulating persistently in mainland China since 1998, but not attributed to the importation of new genotype. Originating from 1992, subgenotype C4 has been the predominant genotype since 1998 in mainland China, with an evolutionary rate of 4.6∼4.8×10⁻³ nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the virus during this epidemic was the most recent descendant of subgenotype C4 (clade C4a). It suggests that the evolution might be one of the potential reasons for this native virus to cause the emerging outbreak in China. However, strong negative selective pressure on VP1 protein of EV71 suggested that immune escape might not be the evolving strategy of EV71, predicting a light future for vaccine development. Nonetheless, long-term antigenic and genetic surveillance is still necessary for further understanding.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21980521</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0025662</doi><tpages>e25662</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1308803981 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Antigens Bayes Theorem Cercopithecus aethiops China - epidemiology Cladistic analysis Coxsackievirus infections Disease control Disease Outbreaks Disease prevention Enterovirus Enterovirus A, Human - genetics Enterovirus A, Human - pathogenicity Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology Enterovirus Infections - virology Epidemics Epidemiology Evolution Evolution (Biology) Evolution, Molecular Fatalities Foot-and-mouth disease Gene sequencing Genomes Genotype Glycoproteins Hand-foot-and-mouth disease Humans Importation Infections Influenza Laboratories Ligands Medicine Molecular Epidemiology Pathogens Phylogeny Selection, Genetic Surveillance Trends Vaccine development Vero Cells Viral infections Viruses VP1 protein |
| title | The persistent circulation of enterovirus 71 in People's Republic of China: causing emerging nationwide epidemics since 2008 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-06T02%3A56%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20persistent%20circulation%20of%20enterovirus%2071%20in%20People's%20Republic%20of%20China:%20causing%20emerging%20nationwide%20epidemics%20since%202008&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Tan,%20Xiaojuan&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e25662&rft.epage=e25662&rft.pages=e25662-e25662&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0025662&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476877516%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1308803981&rft_id=info:pmid/21980521&rft_galeid=A476877516&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b2c400663bae48d9bc6154d009c1bb56&rfr_iscdi=true |