Post-pandemic seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection (swine flu) among children <18 years in Germany
We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children. Eight pediatric hospitals dist...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e23955-e23955 |
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| creator | von Kries, Rüdiger Weiss, Susanne Falkenhorst, Gerhard Wirth, Stephan Kaiser, Petra Huppertz, Hans-Iko Tenenbaum, Tobias Schroten, Horst Streng, Andrea Liese, Johannes Shai, Sonu Niehues, Tim Girschick, Hermann Kuscher, Ellen Sauerbrey, Axel Peters, Jochen Wirsing von König, Carl Heinz Rückinger, Simon Hampl, Walter Michel, Detlef Mertens, Thomas |
| description | We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children.
Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in- or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (≥1∶10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers ≥1∶10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009.
Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0023955 |
| format | Article |
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Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in- or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (≥1∶10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers ≥1∶10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009.
Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023955</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21915270</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Antibodies ; Biology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Female ; Germany - epidemiology ; Hemagglutination ; Hemagglutination inhibition ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Influenza ; Influenza A ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines - immunology ; Influenza, Human - epidemiology ; Livestock ; Male ; Medicine ; Pandemics ; Seasons ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serology ; Swine ; Swine flu ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Virions ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e23955-e23955</ispartof><rights>2011 von Kries et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>von Kries et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-ae49afdbc0b08f735291e68214270979da5430588dacb35a32872fa202bb16c93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-ae49afdbc0b08f735291e68214270979da5430588dacb35a32872fa202bb16c93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3168498/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3168498/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2101,2927,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79471,79472</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915270$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Cowling, Benjamin J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>von Kries, Rüdiger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weiss, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falkenhorst, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wirth, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Petra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huppertz, Hans-Iko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tenenbaum, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroten, Horst</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Streng, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liese, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shai, Sonu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehues, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girschick, Hermann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuscher, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauerbrey, Axel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, Jochen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wirsing von König, Carl Heinz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rückinger, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hampl, Walter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, Detlef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mertens, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Post-pandemic seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection (swine flu) among children <18 years in Germany</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children.
Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in- or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (≥1∶10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers ≥1∶10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009.
Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Germany - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hemagglutination</subject><subject>Hemagglutination inhibition</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A</subject><subject>Influenza A virus</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Swine 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Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>von Kries, Rüdiger</au><au>Weiss, Susanne</au><au>Falkenhorst, Gerhard</au><au>Wirth, Stephan</au><au>Kaiser, Petra</au><au>Huppertz, Hans-Iko</au><au>Tenenbaum, Tobias</au><au>Schroten, Horst</au><au>Streng, Andrea</au><au>Liese, Johannes</au><au>Shai, Sonu</au><au>Niehues, Tim</au><au>Girschick, Hermann</au><au>Kuscher, Ellen</au><au>Sauerbrey, Axel</au><au>Peters, Jochen</au><au>Wirsing von König, Carl Heinz</au><au>Rückinger, Simon</au><au>Hampl, Walter</au><au>Michel, Detlef</au><au>Mertens, Thomas</au><au>Cowling, Benjamin J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Post-pandemic seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection (swine flu) among children <18 years in Germany</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-09-07</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e23955</spage><epage>e23955</epage><pages>e23955-e23955</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children.
Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in- or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (≥1∶10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers ≥1∶10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009.
Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21915270</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0023955</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2011-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e23955-e23955 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1308335631 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Age Distribution Antibodies Biology Child Child, Preschool Children Female Germany - epidemiology Hemagglutination Hemagglutination inhibition Humans Immunization Incidence Infant Infections Infectious diseases Influenza Influenza A Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza Vaccines - immunology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Livestock Male Medicine Pandemics Seasons Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Swine Swine flu Vaccination Vaccines Virions Viruses |
| title | Post-pandemic seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection (swine flu) among children <18 years in Germany |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T01%3A32%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Post-pandemic%20seroprevalence%20of%20pandemic%20influenza%20A%20(H1N1)%202009%20infection%20(swine%20flu)%20among%20children%20%3C18%20years%20in%20Germany&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=von%20Kries,%20R%C3%BCdiger&rft.date=2011-09-07&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e23955&rft.epage=e23955&rft.pages=e23955-e23955&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0023955&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2900183611%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1308335631&rft_id=info:pmid/21915270&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b15b71132c1f481b9dfa45e198727adf&rfr_iscdi=true |