Radiolaria divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in combined 18S and 28S rDNA phylogeny
Radiolarians are marine planktonic protists that belong to the eukaryote supergroup Rhizaria together with Foraminifera and Cercozoa. Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recen...
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| description | Radiolarians are marine planktonic protists that belong to the eukaryote supergroup Rhizaria together with Foraminifera and Cercozoa. Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radiolarian groups by using the novel approach of combining single cell whole genome amplification with targeted PCR amplification of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Combined 18S and 28S phylogeny of sequences obtained from single cells shows that Radiolaria is divided into two main lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria+Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia+Taxopodida). Further we show with high support that Foraminifera groups within Radiolaria supporting the Retaria hypothesis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0023526 |
| format | Article |
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Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radiolarian groups by using the novel approach of combining single cell whole genome amplification with targeted PCR amplification of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Combined 18S and 28S phylogeny of sequences obtained from single cells shows that Radiolaria is divided into two main lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria+Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia+Taxopodida). Further we show with high support that Foraminifera groups within Radiolaria supporting the Retaria hypothesis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023526</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21853146</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acantharia ; Actinomma boreale ; Amplification ; Base Sequence ; Biology ; Cercozoa ; Crystallography ; Evolution ; Foraminifera ; Gene sequencing ; Genes ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Gromia ; Likelihood Functions ; Molecular biology ; Morphology ; Motility ; Phaeodaria ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Protozoa ; Radiolaria ; Rhizaria - classification ; Rhizaria - cytology ; Rhizaria - genetics ; Ribosomal DNA ; RNA polymerase ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S - genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-08, Vol.6 (8), p.e23526</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Krabberød et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Krabberød et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-129ba5d3508b0cea5721598bf73e6ddf316cbfe7d5d57bcee07a9bc9f6edec9b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-129ba5d3508b0cea5721598bf73e6ddf316cbfe7d5d57bcee07a9bc9f6edec9b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154480/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154480/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21853146$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lopez-Garcia, Purification</contributor><creatorcontrib>Krabberød, Anders K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bråte, Jon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolven, Jane K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ose, Randi F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klaveness, Dag</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kristensen, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bjørklund, Kjell R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran</creatorcontrib><title>Radiolaria divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in combined 18S and 28S rDNA phylogeny</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Radiolarians are marine planktonic protists that belong to the eukaryote supergroup Rhizaria together with Foraminifera and Cercozoa. Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radiolarian groups by using the novel approach of combining single cell whole genome amplification with targeted PCR amplification of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Combined 18S and 28S phylogeny of sequences obtained from single cells shows that Radiolaria is divided into two main lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria+Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia+Taxopodida). Further we show with high support that Foraminifera groups within Radiolaria supporting the Retaria hypothesis.</description><subject>Acantharia</subject><subject>Actinomma boreale</subject><subject>Amplification</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Cercozoa</subject><subject>Crystallography</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Foraminifera</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Gromia</subject><subject>Likelihood Functions</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Motility</subject><subject>Phaeodaria</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Radiolaria</subject><subject>Rhizaria - classification</subject><subject>Rhizaria - cytology</subject><subject>Rhizaria - genetics</subject><subject>Ribosomal DNA</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - 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Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radiolarian groups by using the novel approach of combining single cell whole genome amplification with targeted PCR amplification of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Combined 18S and 28S phylogeny of sequences obtained from single cells shows that Radiolaria is divided into two main lineages: Polycystina (Spumellaria+Nassellaria) and Spasmaria (Acantharia+Taxopodida). Further we show with high support that Foraminifera groups within Radiolaria supporting the Retaria hypothesis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21853146</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0023526</doi><tpages>e23526</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acantharia Actinomma boreale Amplification Base Sequence Biology Cercozoa Crystallography Evolution Foraminifera Gene sequencing Genes Genomes Genomics Gromia Likelihood Functions Molecular biology Morphology Motility Phaeodaria Phylogenetics Phylogeny Protozoa Radiolaria Rhizaria - classification Rhizaria - cytology Rhizaria - genetics Ribosomal DNA RNA polymerase RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 28S - genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| title | Radiolaria divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in combined 18S and 28S rDNA phylogeny |
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