Time and origin of cichlid colonization of the lower Congo rapids
Most freshwater diversity is arguably located in networks of rivers and streams, but, in contrast to lacustrine systems riverine radiations, are largely understudied. The extensive rapids of the lower Congo River is one of the few river stretches inhabited by a locally endemic cichlid species flock...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e22380-e22380 |
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| creator | Schwarzer, Julia Misof, Bernhard Ifuta, Seraphin N Schliewen, Ulrich K |
| description | Most freshwater diversity is arguably located in networks of rivers and streams, but, in contrast to lacustrine systems riverine radiations, are largely understudied. The extensive rapids of the lower Congo River is one of the few river stretches inhabited by a locally endemic cichlid species flock as well as several species pairs, for which we provide evidence that they have radiated in situ. We use more that 2,000 AFLP markers as well as multilocus sequence datasets to reconstruct their origin, phylogenetic history, as well as the timing of colonization and speciation of two Lower Congo cichlid genera, Steatocranus and Nanochromis. Based on a representative taxon sampling and well resolved phylogenetic hypotheses we demonstrate that a high level of riverine diversity originated in the lower Congo within about 5 mya, which is concordant with age estimates for the hydrological origin of the modern lower Congo River. A spatial genetic structure is present in all widely distributed lineages corresponding to a trisection of the lower Congo River into major biogeographic areas, each with locally endemic species assemblages. With the present study, we provide a phylogenetic framework for a complex system that may serve as a link between African riverine cichlid diversity and the megadiverse cichlid radiations of the East African lakes. Beyond this we give for the first time a biologically estimated age for the origin of the lower Congo River rapids, one of the most extreme freshwater habitats on earth. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0022380 |
| format | Article |
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With the present study, we provide a phylogenetic framework for a complex system that may serve as a link between African riverine cichlid diversity and the megadiverse cichlid radiations of the East African lakes. 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With the present study, we provide a phylogenetic framework for a complex system that may serve as a link between African riverine cichlid diversity and the megadiverse cichlid radiations of the East African lakes. Beyond this we give for the first time a biologically estimated age for the origin of the lower Congo River rapids, one of the most extreme freshwater habitats on earth.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21799840</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0022380</doi><tpages>e22380</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Africa Amplified fragment length polymorphism Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Animals Aquatic habitats Biodiversity Biology Campylomormyrus Cichlidae Cichlids - classification Cichlids - genetics Colonization Crenicichla Cytochrome Endemic species Evolution & development Evolution, Molecular Fish Freshwater environments Genera Genetic structure Haplochromis Hydrology Hypotheses Mormyridae Mormyroidea Morphology Nanochromis Nanochromis nudiceps Nanochromis parilus Nanochromis transvestitus Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physiology Rapids Rivers Sequence Analysis, DNA Spatial distribution Speciation Steatocranus Streams Teleostei Time Factors Zoology |
| title | Time and origin of cichlid colonization of the lower Congo rapids |
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