Chinese and Korean characters engage the same visual word form area in proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals
A number of recent studies consistently show an area, known as the visual word form area (VWFA), in the left fusiform gyrus that is selectively responsive for visual words in alphabetic scripts as well as in logographic scripts, such as Chinese characters. However, given the large difference between...
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| description | A number of recent studies consistently show an area, known as the visual word form area (VWFA), in the left fusiform gyrus that is selectively responsive for visual words in alphabetic scripts as well as in logographic scripts, such as Chinese characters. However, given the large difference between Chinese characters and alphabetic scripts in terms of their orthographic rules, it is not clear at a fine spatial scale, whether Chinese characters engage the same VWFA in the occipito-temporal cortex as alphabetic scripts. We specifically compared Chinese with Korean script, with Korean script serving as a good example of alphabetic writing system, but matched to Chinese in the overall square shape. Sixteen proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals took part in the fMRI experiment. Four types of stimuli (Chinese characters, Korean characters, line drawings and unfamiliar Chinese faces) were presented in a block-design paradigm. By contrasting characters (Chinese or Korean) to faces, presumed VWFAs could be identified for both Chinese and Korean characters in the left occipito-temporal sulcus in each subject. The location of peak response point in these two VWFAs were essentially the same. Further analysis revealed a substantial overlap between the VWFA identified for Chinese and that for Korean. At the group level, there was no significant difference in amplitude of response to Chinese and Korean characters. Spatial patterns of response to Chinese and Korean are similar. In addition to confirming that there is an area in the left occipito-temporal cortex that selectively responds to scripts in both Korean and Chinese in early Chinese-Korean bilinguals, our results show that these two scripts engage essentially the same VWFA, even at the level of fine spatial patterns of activation across voxels. These results suggest that similar populations of neurons are engaged in processing the different scripts within the same VWFA in early bilinguals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0022765 |
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However, given the large difference between Chinese characters and alphabetic scripts in terms of their orthographic rules, it is not clear at a fine spatial scale, whether Chinese characters engage the same VWFA in the occipito-temporal cortex as alphabetic scripts. We specifically compared Chinese with Korean script, with Korean script serving as a good example of alphabetic writing system, but matched to Chinese in the overall square shape. Sixteen proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals took part in the fMRI experiment. Four types of stimuli (Chinese characters, Korean characters, line drawings and unfamiliar Chinese faces) were presented in a block-design paradigm. By contrasting characters (Chinese or Korean) to faces, presumed VWFAs could be identified for both Chinese and Korean characters in the left occipito-temporal sulcus in each subject. The location of peak response point in these two VWFAs were essentially the same. Further analysis revealed a substantial overlap between the VWFA identified for Chinese and that for Korean. At the group level, there was no significant difference in amplitude of response to Chinese and Korean characters. Spatial patterns of response to Chinese and Korean are similar. In addition to confirming that there is an area in the left occipito-temporal cortex that selectively responds to scripts in both Korean and Chinese in early Chinese-Korean bilinguals, our results show that these two scripts engage essentially the same VWFA, even at the level of fine spatial patterns of activation across voxels. These results suggest that similar populations of neurons are engaged in processing the different scripts within the same VWFA in early bilinguals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022765</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21818386</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bilingualism ; Biology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain research ; Chinese languages ; Cortex (temporal) ; Female ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging ; Humans ; Korean language ; Language ; Logograms ; Male ; Multilingualism ; Native languages ; Neurosciences ; Orthography ; Phonetics ; Photic Stimulation ; Reading ; Scripts ; Semantics ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Studies ; Temporal Lobe - physiology ; Topography ; Visual cortex ; Visual Perception - physiology ; Writing ; Writing systems ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e22765-e22765</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Bai et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bai, Jian'e</au><au>Shi, Jinfu</au><au>Jiang, Yi</au><au>He, Sheng</au><au>Weng, Xuchu</au><au>Op de Beeck, Hans P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chinese and Korean characters engage the same visual word form area in proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-07-27</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e22765</spage><epage>e22765</epage><pages>e22765-e22765</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>A number of recent studies consistently show an area, known as the visual word form area (VWFA), in the left fusiform gyrus that is selectively responsive for visual words in alphabetic scripts as well as in logographic scripts, such as Chinese characters. However, given the large difference between Chinese characters and alphabetic scripts in terms of their orthographic rules, it is not clear at a fine spatial scale, whether Chinese characters engage the same VWFA in the occipito-temporal cortex as alphabetic scripts. We specifically compared Chinese with Korean script, with Korean script serving as a good example of alphabetic writing system, but matched to Chinese in the overall square shape. Sixteen proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals took part in the fMRI experiment. Four types of stimuli (Chinese characters, Korean characters, line drawings and unfamiliar Chinese faces) were presented in a block-design paradigm. By contrasting characters (Chinese or Korean) to faces, presumed VWFAs could be identified for both Chinese and Korean characters in the left occipito-temporal sulcus in each subject. The location of peak response point in these two VWFAs were essentially the same. Further analysis revealed a substantial overlap between the VWFA identified for Chinese and that for Korean. At the group level, there was no significant difference in amplitude of response to Chinese and Korean characters. Spatial patterns of response to Chinese and Korean are similar. In addition to confirming that there is an area in the left occipito-temporal cortex that selectively responds to scripts in both Korean and Chinese in early Chinese-Korean bilinguals, our results show that these two scripts engage essentially the same VWFA, even at the level of fine spatial patterns of activation across voxels. These results suggest that similar populations of neurons are engaged in processing the different scripts within the same VWFA in early bilinguals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21818386</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0022765</doi><tpages>e22765</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Asian Continental Ancestry Group Bilingualism Biology Brain Mapping Brain research Chinese languages Cortex (temporal) Female Functional magnetic resonance imaging Humans Korean language Language Logograms Male Multilingualism Native languages Neurosciences Orthography Phonetics Photic Stimulation Reading Scripts Semantics Social and Behavioral Sciences Studies Temporal Lobe - physiology Topography Visual cortex Visual Perception - physiology Writing Writing systems Young Adult |
| title | Chinese and Korean characters engage the same visual word form area in proficient early Chinese-Korean bilinguals |
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