Highly asynchronous and asymmetric cleavage divisions accompany early transcriptional activity in pre-blastula medaka embryos
In the initial phase of development of fish embryos, a prominent and critical event is the midblastula transition (MBT). Before MBT cell cycle is rapid, highly synchronous and zygotic gene transcription is turned off. Only during MBT the cell cycle desynchronizes and transcription is activated. Mult...
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description | In the initial phase of development of fish embryos, a prominent and critical event is the midblastula transition (MBT). Before MBT cell cycle is rapid, highly synchronous and zygotic gene transcription is turned off. Only during MBT the cell cycle desynchronizes and transcription is activated. Multiple mechanisms, primarily the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, are supposed to control MBT activation. Unexpectedly, we find in the small teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) that at very early stages, well before midblastula, cell division becomes asynchronous and cell volumes diverge. Furthermore, zygotic transcription is extensively activated already after the 64-cell stage. Thus, at least in medaka, the transition from maternal to zygotic transcription is uncoupled from the midblastula stage and not solely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio. |
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Before MBT cell cycle is rapid, highly synchronous and zygotic gene transcription is turned off. Only during MBT the cell cycle desynchronizes and transcription is activated. Multiple mechanisms, primarily the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, are supposed to control MBT activation. Unexpectedly, we find in the small teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) that at very early stages, well before midblastula, cell division becomes asynchronous and cell volumes diverge. Furthermore, zygotic transcription is extensively activated already after the 64-cell stage. Thus, at least in medaka, the transition from maternal to zygotic transcription is uncoupled from the midblastula stage and not solely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021741</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21750728</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Blastula ; Blastula - cytology ; Blastula - embryology ; Blastula - metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cell cycle ; Cell Cycle - genetics ; Cell division ; Cell Division - genetics ; Cyclin B1 - genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism ; Embryonic development ; Embryos ; Fish ; Fish Proteins - genetics ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genetic aspects ; Helobdella triserialis ; Histology ; Laboratories ; Localization ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics ; Oryzias - embryology ; Oryzias - genetics ; Oryzias - metabolism ; Oryzias latipes ; Phosphorylation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribosomal Proteins - genetics ; RNA polymerase ; RNA Polymerase II - metabolism ; Synchronization ; Time Factors ; Transcription ; Transcription (Genetics) ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zebrafish</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e21741-e21741</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Kraeussling et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Before MBT cell cycle is rapid, highly synchronous and zygotic gene transcription is turned off. Only during MBT the cell cycle desynchronizes and transcription is activated. Multiple mechanisms, primarily the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, are supposed to control MBT activation. Unexpectedly, we find in the small teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) that at very early stages, well before midblastula, cell division becomes asynchronous and cell volumes diverge. Furthermore, zygotic transcription is extensively activated already after the 64-cell stage. Thus, at least in medaka, the transition from maternal to zygotic transcription is uncoupled from the midblastula stage and not solely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blastula</subject><subject>Blastula - cytology</subject><subject>Blastula - embryology</subject><subject>Blastula - metabolism</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Cycle - genetics</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cell Division - genetics</subject><subject>Cyclin B1 - genetics</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian - cytology</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian - embryology</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism</subject><subject>Embryonic development</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Helobdella triserialis</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Localization</subject><subject>Microscopy, Confocal</subject><subject>Mitochondrial Proteins - 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Before MBT cell cycle is rapid, highly synchronous and zygotic gene transcription is turned off. Only during MBT the cell cycle desynchronizes and transcription is activated. Multiple mechanisms, primarily the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, are supposed to control MBT activation. Unexpectedly, we find in the small teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) that at very early stages, well before midblastula, cell division becomes asynchronous and cell volumes diverge. Furthermore, zygotic transcription is extensively activated already after the 64-cell stage. Thus, at least in medaka, the transition from maternal to zygotic transcription is uncoupled from the midblastula stage and not solely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21750728</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0021741</doi><tpages>e21741</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Biochemistry Biology Blastula Blastula - cytology Blastula - embryology Blastula - metabolism Caenorhabditis elegans Cell cycle Cell Cycle - genetics Cell division Cell Division - genetics Cyclin B1 - genetics Embryo, Nonmammalian - cytology Embryo, Nonmammalian - embryology Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism Embryonic development Embryos Fish Fish Proteins - genetics Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genetic aspects Helobdella triserialis Histology Laboratories Localization Microscopy, Confocal Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics Oryzias - embryology Oryzias - genetics Oryzias - metabolism Oryzias latipes Phosphorylation Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Ribosomal Proteins - genetics RNA polymerase RNA Polymerase II - metabolism Synchronization Time Factors Transcription Transcription (Genetics) Transcription, Genetic Zebrafish |
title | Highly asynchronous and asymmetric cleavage divisions accompany early transcriptional activity in pre-blastula medaka embryos |
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