Carbon nanotubes enhance cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro
With the expansion of the potential applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in biomedical fields, the toxicity and biocompatibility of CNT have become issues of growing concern. Since the immune system often mediates tissue damage during pathogenesis, it is important to explore whether CNT can trigge...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-06, Vol.6 (6), p.e21073 |
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| creator | Sun, Zhao Liu, Zhe Meng, Jie Duan, Jinhong Xie, Sishen Lu, Xin Zhu, Zhaohui Wang, Chen Chen, Shuchang Xu, Haiyan Yang, Xian-Da |
| description | With the expansion of the potential applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in biomedical fields, the toxicity and biocompatibility of CNT have become issues of growing concern. Since the immune system often mediates tissue damage during pathogenesis, it is important to explore whether CNT can trigger cytotoxicity through affecting the immune functions. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of CNT on the cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that while CNT at low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 µg/ml) did not cause obvious cell death or apoptosis directly, it enhanced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against multiple human cell lines. In addition, CNT increased the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by the lymphocytes. CNT also upregulated the NF-κB expression in lymphocytes, and the blockage of the NF-κB pathway reduced the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by CNT. These results suggest that CNT at lower concentrations may prospectively initiate an indirect cytotoxicity through affecting the function of lymphocytes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0021073 |
| format | Article |
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Since the immune system often mediates tissue damage during pathogenesis, it is important to explore whether CNT can trigger cytotoxicity through affecting the immune functions. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of CNT on the cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that while CNT at low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 µg/ml) did not cause obvious cell death or apoptosis directly, it enhanced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against multiple human cell lines. In addition, CNT increased the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by the lymphocytes. CNT also upregulated the NF-κB expression in lymphocytes, and the blockage of the NF-κB pathway reduced the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by CNT. These results suggest that CNT at lower concentrations may prospectively initiate an indirect cytotoxicity through affecting the function of lymphocytes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021073</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21731651</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Biocompatibility ; Biology ; Blockage ; Cancer ; Carbon ; Carbon nanotubes ; Cell death ; Cell growth ; Cell Line ; Cell lines ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Cells (Biology) ; Cytokines - secretion ; Cytotoxicity ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - drug effects ; Humans ; Immune system ; Interferon ; Low concentrations ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes - cytology ; Lymphocytes - drug effects ; Lymphocytes - secretion ; Materials Science ; Medicine ; Nanotechnology ; Nanotubes ; Nanotubes, Carbon - toxicity ; NF-kappa B - metabolism ; NF-κB protein ; Pathogenesis ; Toxicity ; Toxicology ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Vaccines ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-06, Vol.6 (6), p.e21073</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Sun, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Sun, et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-ad952860051f18f28b48dac215efa6ede3b548625ad146f2c83d9d7b2d36c6ff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-ad952860051f18f28b48dac215efa6ede3b548625ad146f2c83d9d7b2d36c6ff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120825/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120825/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731651$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Fatouros, Dimitris</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sun, Zhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jinhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Sishen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhaohui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shuchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haiyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xian-Da</creatorcontrib><title>Carbon nanotubes enhance cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>With the expansion of the potential applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in biomedical fields, the toxicity and biocompatibility of CNT have become issues of growing concern. Since the immune system often mediates tissue damage during pathogenesis, it is important to explore whether CNT can trigger cytotoxicity through affecting the immune functions. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of CNT on the cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that while CNT at low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 µg/ml) did not cause obvious cell death or apoptosis directly, it enhanced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against multiple human cell lines. In addition, CNT increased the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by the lymphocytes. CNT also upregulated the NF-κB expression in lymphocytes, and the blockage of the NF-κB pathway reduced the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by CNT. These results suggest that CNT at lower concentrations may prospectively initiate an indirect cytotoxicity through affecting the function of lymphocytes.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blockage</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon nanotubes</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell lines</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Cells (Biology)</subject><subject>Cytokines - secretion</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - drug effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - cytology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - secretion</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Nanotubes</subject><subject>Nanotubes, Carbon - toxicity</subject><subject>NF-kappa B - metabolism</subject><subject>NF-κB protein</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluL1DAcxYso7rr6DUQLguDDjLk1TV-EZfAyMLDg7TWkuUwztMmYpMvOtzfjdJcpKEgeEpLfOflzOEXxEoIlxDV8v_NjcKJf7r3TSwAQBDV-VFzCBqMFRQA_PjtfFM9i3AFQYUbp0-ICwRpDWsHLYrMSofWudML5NLY6ltp1wkldykPyyd9ZadOhHLSyImlVtoeyGwfhyv4w7DufoSyxrry1KfjnxRMj-qhfTPtV8ePTx--rL4vNzef16nqzkLSBaSFUUyFG8zjQQGYQawlTQiJYaSOoVhq3FWEUVUJBQg2SDKtG1S1SmEpqDL4qXp98972PfAoicogBYZCwmmVifSKUFzu-D3YQ4cC9sPzPhQ9bLkKystcc1aySDRASY0QMUYK0GGJjoKxaBJuj14fpt7HNOUjtUhD9zHT-4mzHt_6WY4gAQ1U2eDMZBP9r1DH9Y-SJ2oo8lXXGZzM52Cj5NakpYzWtSKaWf6HyUnqwMlfB2Hw_E7ybCTKT9F3aijFGvv729f_Zm59z9u0Z22nRpy76fkzWuzgHyQmUwccYtHlIDgJ-bPJ9GvzYZD41Octenaf-ILqvLv4NuLLu0A</recordid><startdate>20110622</startdate><enddate>20110622</enddate><creator>Sun, Zhao</creator><creator>Liu, Zhe</creator><creator>Meng, Jie</creator><creator>Duan, Jinhong</creator><creator>Xie, Sishen</creator><creator>Lu, Xin</creator><creator>Zhu, Zhaohui</creator><creator>Wang, Chen</creator><creator>Chen, Shuchang</creator><creator>Xu, Haiyan</creator><creator>Yang, Xian-Da</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110622</creationdate><title>Carbon nanotubes enhance cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro</title><author>Sun, Zhao ; Liu, Zhe ; Meng, Jie ; Duan, Jinhong ; Xie, Sishen ; Lu, Xin ; Zhu, Zhaohui ; Wang, Chen ; Chen, Shuchang ; Xu, Haiyan ; Yang, Xian-Da</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-ad952860051f18f28b48dac215efa6ede3b548625ad146f2c83d9d7b2d36c6ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Blockage</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon nanotubes</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell lines</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Cells (Biology)</topic><topic>Cytokines - secretion</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - drug effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Low concentrations</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - cytology</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - secretion</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Nanotubes</topic><topic>Nanotubes, Carbon - toxicity</topic><topic>NF-kappa B - metabolism</topic><topic>NF-κB protein</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>γ-Interferon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sun, Zhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jinhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Sishen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhaohui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shuchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haiyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xian-Da</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Since the immune system often mediates tissue damage during pathogenesis, it is important to explore whether CNT can trigger cytotoxicity through affecting the immune functions. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of CNT on the cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro. The results showed that while CNT at low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 µg/ml) did not cause obvious cell death or apoptosis directly, it enhanced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against multiple human cell lines. In addition, CNT increased the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by the lymphocytes. CNT also upregulated the NF-κB expression in lymphocytes, and the blockage of the NF-κB pathway reduced the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by CNT. These results suggest that CNT at lower concentrations may prospectively initiate an indirect cytotoxicity through affecting the function of lymphocytes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21731651</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0021073</doi><tpages>e21073</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Biocompatibility Biology Blockage Cancer Carbon Carbon nanotubes Cell death Cell growth Cell Line Cell lines Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cell Survival - drug effects Cells (Biology) Cytokines - secretion Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - drug effects Humans Immune system Interferon Low concentrations Lymphocytes Lymphocytes - cytology Lymphocytes - drug effects Lymphocytes - secretion Materials Science Medicine Nanotechnology Nanotubes Nanotubes, Carbon - toxicity NF-kappa B - metabolism NF-κB protein Pathogenesis Toxicity Toxicology Tumor necrosis factor-α Vaccines γ-Interferon |
| title | Carbon nanotubes enhance cytotoxicity mediated by human lymphocytes in vitro |
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