Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil

Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivere...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2011-06, Vol.6 (6), p.e21000
Hauptverfasser: Hsieh, Chen-Hsi, Liu, Chia-Yuan, Hsieh, Yen-Ju, Tai, Hung-Chi, Wang, Li-Ying, Tsai, Tung-Hu, Chen, Yu-Jen
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Hsieh, Yen-Ju
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Wang, Li-Ying
Tsai, Tung-Hu
Chen, Yu-Jen
description Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0021000
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However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021000</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21695264</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>5-Fluorouracil ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents - blood ; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics ; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology ; Atherosclerosis ; Bile ; Bile - drug effects ; Bile - metabolism ; Bile - radiation effects ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chromatography ; Clinical medicine ; Colorectal cancer ; Comparative analysis ; Computed tomography ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Dehydrogenases ; Drug dosages ; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Fluorouracil ; Fluorouracil - blood ; Fluorouracil - pharmacokinetics ; Fluorouracil - pharmacology ; Head &amp; neck cancer ; Hemodialysis ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Hospitals ; Inhibitors ; Intracellular Space - drug effects ; Intracellular Space - metabolism ; Intracellular Space - radiation effects ; Irradiation ; Liquid chromatography ; Liver - drug effects ; Liver - physiology ; Liver - radiation effects ; Male ; Matrix metalloproteinase ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; Medicine ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Metalloproteinase ; Neutrophil collagenase ; Oncology ; Patients ; Pelvis - radiation effects ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology ; Plasma ; Pretreatment ; Protein arrays ; Radiation ; Radiation (Physics) ; Radiation dosage ; Radiation therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodents ; Solubility ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-06, Vol.6 (6), p.e21000</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Hsieh et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Hsieh et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d20b6115544c571a85df044bddd0d08034baaca79557bd26a6551765381e51633</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d20b6115544c571a85df044bddd0d08034baaca79557bd26a6551765381e51633</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111455/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111455/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695264$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Algül, Hana</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Chen-Hsi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chia-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Yen-Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tai, Hung-Chi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Li-Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Tung-Hu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yu-Jen</creatorcontrib><title>Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.</description><subject>5-Fluorouracil</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - blood</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Bile</subject><subject>Bile - drug effects</subject><subject>Bile - metabolism</subject><subject>Bile - radiation effects</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Chemoradiotherapy</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Clinical medicine</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Dehydrogenases</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Fluorouracil</subject><subject>Fluorouracil - blood</subject><subject>Fluorouracil - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Fluorouracil - pharmacology</subject><subject>Head &amp; neck cancer</subject><subject>Hemodialysis</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Intracellular Space - drug effects</subject><subject>Intracellular Space - metabolism</subject><subject>Intracellular Space - radiation effects</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liver - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver - physiology</subject><subject>Liver - radiation effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Matrix metalloproteinase</subject><subject>Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - metabolism</subject><subject>Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Metalloproteinase</subject><subject>Neutrophil collagenase</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pelvis - radiation effects</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Pretreatment</subject><subject>Protein arrays</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation (Physics)</subject><subject>Radiation dosage</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLguJFx6T5nBthWVwdWFnw6zacpulMxkwzJumy-yv8y6ZOd5mRvZAWWk6f903fk5yieI7RDBOB3639EHpws63vzQyhGiOEHhTHeE7qiteIPNx7PyqexLhGiBHJ-ePiqMZ8zmpOj4vfnyEFe11uTALn_Db4ZGwP0VQy11oLycQyrUw59B1c-QCNM2W8iclsrC7tZgs6lb4rndfgShsCjBrr-zLf2xWEDWj_0_YmWR1HEPpkKw29NqFsw7AsWXXuBh9yGtDWPS0edeCieTY9T4rv5x--nX2qLi4_Ls5OLyrN5zhVbY0ajjFjlGomMEjWdojSpm1b1CKJCG0ANIg5Y6Jpaw6cMSx4zo8Nw5yQk-LlznfrfFRTL6PCBFEhkBA0E4sd0XpYq22wGwg3yoNVfws-LBWEnMoZZWqNKaUcEYGoBAmENBjTRmLcYklk9no_rTY0uava9CmAOzA9_NLblVr6K0Vw9mEsG7yZDIL_NZiY1MZGbZyD3vghKikIndNajMFe_UPeH26ilpD_3_adz8vq0VOdUsGllKTGmZrdQ-WrHXc_n7vO5vqB4O2BIDPJXKclDDGqxdcv_89e_jhkX--xKwMuraJ3w3jQ4iFId6AOPsZgurseY6TGsbnthhrHRk1jk2Uv9vfnTnQ7J-QPXWsTNw</recordid><startdate>20110609</startdate><enddate>20110609</enddate><creator>Hsieh, Chen-Hsi</creator><creator>Liu, Chia-Yuan</creator><creator>Hsieh, Yen-Ju</creator><creator>Tai, Hung-Chi</creator><creator>Wang, Li-Ying</creator><creator>Tsai, Tung-Hu</creator><creator>Chen, Yu-Jen</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110609</creationdate><title>Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil</title><author>Hsieh, Chen-Hsi ; Liu, Chia-Yuan ; Hsieh, Yen-Ju ; Tai, Hung-Chi ; Wang, Li-Ying ; Tsai, Tung-Hu ; Chen, Yu-Jen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d20b6115544c571a85df044bddd0d08034baaca79557bd26a6551765381e51633</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>5-Fluorouracil</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - blood</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Bile</topic><topic>Bile - drug effects</topic><topic>Bile - metabolism</topic><topic>Bile - radiation effects</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Chemoradiotherapy</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Clinical medicine</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>Dehydrogenases</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Fluorouracil</topic><topic>Fluorouracil - blood</topic><topic>Fluorouracil - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Fluorouracil - pharmacology</topic><topic>Head &amp; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hsieh, Chen-Hsi</au><au>Liu, Chia-Yuan</au><au>Hsieh, Yen-Ju</au><au>Tai, Hung-Chi</au><au>Wang, Li-Ying</au><au>Tsai, Tung-Hu</au><au>Chen, Yu-Jen</au><au>Algül, Hana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-06-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e21000</spage><pages>e21000-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21695264</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0021000</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
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source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects 5-Fluorouracil
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - blood
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Atherosclerosis
Bile
Bile - drug effects
Bile - metabolism
Bile - radiation effects
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Chromatography
Clinical medicine
Colorectal cancer
Comparative analysis
Computed tomography
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Dehydrogenases
Drug dosages
Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology
Fluorouracil
Fluorouracil - blood
Fluorouracil - pharmacokinetics
Fluorouracil - pharmacology
Head & neck cancer
Hemodialysis
High performance liquid chromatography
Hospitals
Inhibitors
Intracellular Space - drug effects
Intracellular Space - metabolism
Intracellular Space - radiation effects
Irradiation
Liquid chromatography
Liver - drug effects
Liver - physiology
Liver - radiation effects
Male
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - metabolism
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Medicine
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metalloproteinase
Neutrophil collagenase
Oncology
Patients
Pelvis - radiation effects
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
Plasma
Pretreatment
Protein arrays
Radiation
Radiation (Physics)
Radiation dosage
Radiation therapy
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rodents
Solubility
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
title Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil
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