The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation
We present experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of ion transport in agar gels during reversible electroporation (ECT) for conditions typical to many clinical studies found in the literature, revealing the presence of pH fronts emerging from both electrodes. These results suggest tha...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-04, Vol.6 (4), p.e17303-e17303 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e17303 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | e17303 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 6 |
| creator | Turjanski, Pablo Olaiz, Nahuel Maglietti, Felipe Michinski, Sebastian Suárez, Cecilia Molina, Fernando Victor Marshall, Guillermo |
| description | We present experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of ion transport in agar gels during reversible electroporation (ECT) for conditions typical to many clinical studies found in the literature, revealing the presence of pH fronts emerging from both electrodes. These results suggest that pH fronts are immediate and substantial. Since they might give rise to tissue necrosis, an unwanted condition in clinical applications of ECT as well as in irreversible electroporation (IRE) and in electrogenetherapy (EGT), it is important to quantify their extent and evolution. Here, a tracking technique is used to follow the space-time evolution of these pH fronts. It is found that they scale in time as t(½), characteristic of a predominantly diffusive process. Comparing ECT pH fronts with those arising in electrotherapy (EChT), another treatment applying constant electric fields whose main goal is tissue necrosis, a striking result is observed: anodic acidification is larger in ECT than in EChT, suggesting that tissue necrosis could also be greater. Ways to minimize these adverse effects in ECT are suggested. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0017303 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1296545272</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A476892437</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_7ee6afa0acb543deb56d21bc780550c8</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A476892437</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-4314104704fbc7d6f6cb1782decdcbf20887972218ff30a4a33ec1d801dae33f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl1rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9EBQfFi13xOMjdCKWoXCgWt3oZM5mQ3S3ayJjNF_70Zd1p2pBeSi4Sc57wn5-QtipcYLTEV-MM2DLHTfrkPHSwRwoIi-qg4xTUli4og-vjofFI8S2mLEKeyqp4WJwRzXiNRnxb0ZgNlDB7KYMv9ZWlj6PpUuq6McAsxuSaHwIPpY9iHqHsXuufFE6t9ghfTflZ8__zp5uJycXX9ZXVxfrUwgot-wShmGDGBmG2MaCtbmQYLSVowrWksQVKKWhCCpbUUaaYpBYNbiXCrgVJLz4rXB929D0lN_SaFSV1xxokgmVgdiDbordpHt9Pxtwraqb8XIa6Vjr0zHpQAqLTVSJuGM9pCw6uW4PwwiThHRmatj1O1odlBa6Dro_Yz0Xmkcxu1DreKIskqybPAu0kghp8DpF7tXDLgve4gDEnl0ROOMRlLvfmHfLi5iVrr_H7X2ZDLmlFTnTNRyZowKjK1fIDKq4WdM9kb1uX7WcL7WUJmevjVr_WQklp9-_r_7PWPOfv2iN2A9v0mBT-MjklzkB1AE0NKEez9jDFSo7XvpqFGa6vJ2jnt1fH_3CfdeZn-Afmp8rM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1296545272</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Turjanski, Pablo ; Olaiz, Nahuel ; Maglietti, Felipe ; Michinski, Sebastian ; Suárez, Cecilia ; Molina, Fernando Victor ; Marshall, Guillermo</creator><contributor>Rubinsky, Boris</contributor><creatorcontrib>Turjanski, Pablo ; Olaiz, Nahuel ; Maglietti, Felipe ; Michinski, Sebastian ; Suárez, Cecilia ; Molina, Fernando Victor ; Marshall, Guillermo ; Rubinsky, Boris</creatorcontrib><description>We present experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of ion transport in agar gels during reversible electroporation (ECT) for conditions typical to many clinical studies found in the literature, revealing the presence of pH fronts emerging from both electrodes. These results suggest that pH fronts are immediate and substantial. Since they might give rise to tissue necrosis, an unwanted condition in clinical applications of ECT as well as in irreversible electroporation (IRE) and in electrogenetherapy (EGT), it is important to quantify their extent and evolution. Here, a tracking technique is used to follow the space-time evolution of these pH fronts. It is found that they scale in time as t(½), characteristic of a predominantly diffusive process. Comparing ECT pH fronts with those arising in electrotherapy (EChT), another treatment applying constant electric fields whose main goal is tissue necrosis, a striking result is observed: anodic acidification is larger in ECT than in EChT, suggesting that tissue necrosis could also be greater. Ways to minimize these adverse effects in ECT are suggested.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017303</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21559079</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acidification ; Agar ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Biosensors ; Chemistry ; Computer Science ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Electric fields ; Electrochemistry - methods ; Electrodes ; Electroporation ; Electroporation - methods ; Evolution ; Fronts ; Gangrene ; Gels ; Genetic Techniques ; Genetic Therapy - methods ; Humans ; Hydrogen ions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion transport ; Medicine ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Necrosis - pathology ; pH effects ; Physical chemistry ; Plasmids ; Studies ; Therapeutic applications ; Time Factors ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-04, Vol.6 (4), p.e17303-e17303</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Turjanski et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Turjanski et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-4314104704fbc7d6f6cb1782decdcbf20887972218ff30a4a33ec1d801dae33f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-4314104704fbc7d6f6cb1782decdcbf20887972218ff30a4a33ec1d801dae33f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084685/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084685/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21559079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Rubinsky, Boris</contributor><creatorcontrib>Turjanski, Pablo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olaiz, Nahuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maglietti, Felipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michinski, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suárez, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Fernando Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><title>The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We present experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of ion transport in agar gels during reversible electroporation (ECT) for conditions typical to many clinical studies found in the literature, revealing the presence of pH fronts emerging from both electrodes. These results suggest that pH fronts are immediate and substantial. Since they might give rise to tissue necrosis, an unwanted condition in clinical applications of ECT as well as in irreversible electroporation (IRE) and in electrogenetherapy (EGT), it is important to quantify their extent and evolution. Here, a tracking technique is used to follow the space-time evolution of these pH fronts. It is found that they scale in time as t(½), characteristic of a predominantly diffusive process. Comparing ECT pH fronts with those arising in electrotherapy (EChT), another treatment applying constant electric fields whose main goal is tissue necrosis, a striking result is observed: anodic acidification is larger in ECT than in EChT, suggesting that tissue necrosis could also be greater. Ways to minimize these adverse effects in ECT are suggested.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Agar</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biosensors</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Computer Science</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Electrochemistry - methods</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electroporation</subject><subject>Electroporation - methods</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fronts</subject><subject>Gangrene</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Genetic Techniques</subject><subject>Genetic Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen ions</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Ion transport</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>Necrosis - pathology</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Physical chemistry</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Therapeutic applications</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9EBQfFi13xOMjdCKWoXCgWt3oZM5mQ3S3ayJjNF_70Zd1p2pBeSi4Sc57wn5-QtipcYLTEV-MM2DLHTfrkPHSwRwoIi-qg4xTUli4og-vjofFI8S2mLEKeyqp4WJwRzXiNRnxb0ZgNlDB7KYMv9ZWlj6PpUuq6McAsxuSaHwIPpY9iHqHsXuufFE6t9ghfTflZ8__zp5uJycXX9ZXVxfrUwgot-wShmGDGBmG2MaCtbmQYLSVowrWksQVKKWhCCpbUUaaYpBYNbiXCrgVJLz4rXB929D0lN_SaFSV1xxokgmVgdiDbordpHt9Pxtwraqb8XIa6Vjr0zHpQAqLTVSJuGM9pCw6uW4PwwiThHRmatj1O1odlBa6Dro_Yz0Xmkcxu1DreKIskqybPAu0kghp8DpF7tXDLgve4gDEnl0ROOMRlLvfmHfLi5iVrr_H7X2ZDLmlFTnTNRyZowKjK1fIDKq4WdM9kb1uX7WcL7WUJmevjVr_WQklp9-_r_7PWPOfv2iN2A9v0mBT-MjklzkB1AE0NKEez9jDFSo7XvpqFGa6vJ2jnt1fH_3CfdeZn-Afmp8rM</recordid><startdate>20110429</startdate><enddate>20110429</enddate><creator>Turjanski, Pablo</creator><creator>Olaiz, Nahuel</creator><creator>Maglietti, Felipe</creator><creator>Michinski, Sebastian</creator><creator>Suárez, Cecilia</creator><creator>Molina, Fernando Victor</creator><creator>Marshall, Guillermo</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110429</creationdate><title>The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation</title><author>Turjanski, Pablo ; Olaiz, Nahuel ; Maglietti, Felipe ; Michinski, Sebastian ; Suárez, Cecilia ; Molina, Fernando Victor ; Marshall, Guillermo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-4314104704fbc7d6f6cb1782decdcbf20887972218ff30a4a33ec1d801dae33f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Acidification</topic><topic>Agar</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biosensors</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Computer Science</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Electrochemistry - methods</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Electroporation</topic><topic>Electroporation - methods</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Fronts</topic><topic>Gangrene</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Genetic Techniques</topic><topic>Genetic Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen ions</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Ion transport</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Necrosis</topic><topic>Necrosis - pathology</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Physical chemistry</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Therapeutic applications</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Turjanski, Pablo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olaiz, Nahuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maglietti, Felipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michinski, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suárez, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Fernando Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Turjanski, Pablo</au><au>Olaiz, Nahuel</au><au>Maglietti, Felipe</au><au>Michinski, Sebastian</au><au>Suárez, Cecilia</au><au>Molina, Fernando Victor</au><au>Marshall, Guillermo</au><au>Rubinsky, Boris</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-04-29</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e17303</spage><epage>e17303</epage><pages>e17303-e17303</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We present experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of ion transport in agar gels during reversible electroporation (ECT) for conditions typical to many clinical studies found in the literature, revealing the presence of pH fronts emerging from both electrodes. These results suggest that pH fronts are immediate and substantial. Since they might give rise to tissue necrosis, an unwanted condition in clinical applications of ECT as well as in irreversible electroporation (IRE) and in electrogenetherapy (EGT), it is important to quantify their extent and evolution. Here, a tracking technique is used to follow the space-time evolution of these pH fronts. It is found that they scale in time as t(½), characteristic of a predominantly diffusive process. Comparing ECT pH fronts with those arising in electrotherapy (EChT), another treatment applying constant electric fields whose main goal is tissue necrosis, a striking result is observed: anodic acidification is larger in ECT than in EChT, suggesting that tissue necrosis could also be greater. Ways to minimize these adverse effects in ECT are suggested.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21559079</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0017303</doi><tpages>e17303</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2011-04, Vol.6 (4), p.e17303-e17303 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1296545272 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acidification Agar Animals Biochemistry Biology Biosensors Chemistry Computer Science Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Electric fields Electrochemistry - methods Electrodes Electroporation Electroporation - methods Evolution Fronts Gangrene Gels Genetic Techniques Genetic Therapy - methods Humans Hydrogen ions Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ion transport Medicine Models, Theoretical Necrosis Necrosis - pathology pH effects Physical chemistry Plasmids Studies Therapeutic applications Time Factors Tumors |
| title | The role of pH fronts in reversible electroporation |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T15%3A08%3A38IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20role%20of%20pH%20fronts%20in%20reversible%20electroporation&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Turjanski,%20Pablo&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e17303&rft.epage=e17303&rft.pages=e17303-e17303&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017303&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476892437%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1296545272&rft_id=info:pmid/21559079&rft_galeid=A476892437&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_7ee6afa0acb543deb56d21bc780550c8&rfr_iscdi=true |