Spatial distribution of calcium-gated chloride channels in olfactory cilia
In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, sensory cilia transduce odor stimuli into changes in neuronal membrane potential. The voltage changes are primarily caused by the sequential openings of two types of channel: a cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) cationic channel and a calcium-gated chloride chann...
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| description | In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, sensory cilia transduce odor stimuli into changes in neuronal membrane potential. The voltage changes are primarily caused by the sequential openings of two types of channel: a cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) cationic channel and a calcium-gated chloride channel. In frog, the cilia are 25 to 200 µm in length, so the spatial distributions of the channels may be an important determinant of odor sensitivity.
To determine the spatial distribution of the chloride channels, we recorded from single cilia as calcium was allowed to diffuse down the length of the cilium and activate the channels. A computational model of this experiment allowed an estimate of the spatial distribution of the chloride channels. On average, the channels were concentrated in a narrow band centered at a distance of 29% of the ciliary length, measured from the base of the cilium. This matches the location of the CNG channels determined previously. This non-uniform distribution of transduction proteins is consistent with similar findings in other cilia.
On average, the two types of olfactory transduction channel are concentrated in the same region of the cilium. This may contribute to the efficient detection of weak stimuli. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0015676 |
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To determine the spatial distribution of the chloride channels, we recorded from single cilia as calcium was allowed to diffuse down the length of the cilium and activate the channels. A computational model of this experiment allowed an estimate of the spatial distribution of the chloride channels. On average, the channels were concentrated in a narrow band centered at a distance of 29% of the ciliary length, measured from the base of the cilium. This matches the location of the CNG channels determined previously. This non-uniform distribution of transduction proteins is consistent with similar findings in other cilia.
On average, the two types of olfactory transduction channel are concentrated in the same region of the cilium. This may contribute to the efficient detection of weak stimuli.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015676</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21209888</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acidification ; Analysis ; Animals ; Biology ; Biophysics - methods ; Calcium ; Calcium - chemistry ; Calcium channels ; Calcium chloride ; Cations ; Channels ; Chlamydomonas ; Chloride ; Chloride channels (calcium-gated) ; Chlorides - chemistry ; Cilia - metabolism ; Computational neuroscience ; Cyclic AMP - metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electrophysiology - methods ; Ion Channel Gating - physiology ; Ion channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated) ; Laboratory animals ; Membrane potential ; Models, Theoretical ; Nervous system ; Odor ; Odorant receptors ; Odors ; Olfactory cilia ; Olfactory Pathways - physiology ; Olfactory receptor neurons ; Physiology ; Proteins ; Ranidae ; Sensory evaluation ; Sensory neurons ; Software ; Spatial distribution ; Stimuli ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2010-12, Vol.5 (12), p.e15676-e15676</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2010 French, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>French, et al. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-75f765737635dac6b444937f9fd75694abef2ebf6d9027174375825bc4570b623</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-75f765737635dac6b444937f9fd75694abef2ebf6d9027174375825bc4570b623</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012700/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012700/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209888$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Matsunami, Hiroaki</contributor><creatorcontrib>French, Donald A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badamdorj, Dorjsuren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kleene, Steven J</creatorcontrib><title>Spatial distribution of calcium-gated chloride channels in olfactory cilia</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, sensory cilia transduce odor stimuli into changes in neuronal membrane potential. The voltage changes are primarily caused by the sequential openings of two types of channel: a cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) cationic channel and a calcium-gated chloride channel. In frog, the cilia are 25 to 200 µm in length, so the spatial distributions of the channels may be an important determinant of odor sensitivity.
To determine the spatial distribution of the chloride channels, we recorded from single cilia as calcium was allowed to diffuse down the length of the cilium and activate the channels. A computational model of this experiment allowed an estimate of the spatial distribution of the chloride channels. On average, the channels were concentrated in a narrow band centered at a distance of 29% of the ciliary length, measured from the base of the cilium. This matches the location of the CNG channels determined previously. This non-uniform distribution of transduction proteins is consistent with similar findings in other cilia.
On average, the two types of olfactory transduction channel are concentrated in the same region of the cilium. This may contribute to the efficient detection of weak stimuli.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biophysics - methods</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium - chemistry</subject><subject>Calcium channels</subject><subject>Calcium chloride</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Chlamydomonas</subject><subject>Chloride</subject><subject>Chloride channels (calcium-gated)</subject><subject>Chlorides - chemistry</subject><subject>Cilia - metabolism</subject><subject>Computational neuroscience</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP - metabolism</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>Electrophysiology - methods</subject><subject>Ion Channel Gating - physiology</subject><subject>Ion channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated)</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Membrane potential</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Odor</subject><subject>Odorant receptors</subject><subject>Odors</subject><subject>Olfactory cilia</subject><subject>Olfactory Pathways - physiology</subject><subject>Olfactory receptor neurons</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Ranidae</subject><subject>Sensory evaluation</subject><subject>Sensory neurons</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Stimuli</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1rFDEUhgdR7If-A9EBoeLFrPmYJJMboRQ_VgoFq96GTCaZzZKdbJOM2H9vtjstO9ILyUXCyXPec3LyFsUrCBYQM_hh7ccwSLfY-kEvAICEMvqkOIYco4oigJ8enI-KkxjXABDcUPq8OEIQAd40zXHx7Xork5Wu7GxMwbZjsn4ovSmVdMqOm6qXSXelWjkfbKfzQQ6DdrG0mXJGquTDbamss_JF8cxIF_XLaT8tfn7-9OPia3V59WV5cX5ZKcphqhgxjBKGGcWkk4q2dV1zzAw3HSOU17LVBunW0I4DxCCrMSMNIq2qCQMtRfi0eLPX3TofxTSGKCDiFMHMgEws90Tn5Vpsg93IcCu8tOIu4EMvZEhWOS0o4KbVzGjS0poy1BIgdS4Nc3FjNMxaH6dqY7vRndJDCtLNROc3g12J3v8WGEC0b-bdJBD8zahjEhsblXZODtqPUTQI8YxRnsm3_5CPP26iepn7t4PxuazaaYrzmuEGQlA3mVo8QuXV6Y1V2TLG5vgs4f0sITNJ_0m9HGMUy-vv_89e_ZqzZwfsSkuXVtG7O5_FOVjvQRV8jEGbhxlDIHaOv5-G2DleTI7Paa8P_-ch6d7i-C_tj_oR</recordid><startdate>20101230</startdate><enddate>20101230</enddate><creator>French, Donald A</creator><creator>Badamdorj, Dorjsuren</creator><creator>Kleene, Steven J</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101230</creationdate><title>Spatial distribution of calcium-gated chloride channels in olfactory cilia</title><author>French, Donald A ; Badamdorj, Dorjsuren ; Kleene, Steven J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-75f765737635dac6b444937f9fd75694abef2ebf6d9027174375825bc4570b623</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Acidification</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biophysics - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>French, Donald A</au><au>Badamdorj, Dorjsuren</au><au>Kleene, Steven J</au><au>Matsunami, Hiroaki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatial distribution of calcium-gated chloride channels in olfactory cilia</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2010-12-30</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e15676</spage><epage>e15676</epage><pages>e15676-e15676</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, sensory cilia transduce odor stimuli into changes in neuronal membrane potential. The voltage changes are primarily caused by the sequential openings of two types of channel: a cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) cationic channel and a calcium-gated chloride channel. In frog, the cilia are 25 to 200 µm in length, so the spatial distributions of the channels may be an important determinant of odor sensitivity.
To determine the spatial distribution of the chloride channels, we recorded from single cilia as calcium was allowed to diffuse down the length of the cilium and activate the channels. A computational model of this experiment allowed an estimate of the spatial distribution of the chloride channels. On average, the channels were concentrated in a narrow band centered at a distance of 29% of the ciliary length, measured from the base of the cilium. This matches the location of the CNG channels determined previously. This non-uniform distribution of transduction proteins is consistent with similar findings in other cilia.
On average, the two types of olfactory transduction channel are concentrated in the same region of the cilium. This may contribute to the efficient detection of weak stimuli.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21209888</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0015676</doi><tpages>e15676</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acidification Analysis Animals Biology Biophysics - methods Calcium Calcium - chemistry Calcium channels Calcium chloride Cations Channels Chlamydomonas Chloride Chloride channels (calcium-gated) Chlorides - chemistry Cilia - metabolism Computational neuroscience Cyclic AMP - metabolism Diffusion Electrophysiology - methods Ion Channel Gating - physiology Ion channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated) Laboratory animals Membrane potential Models, Theoretical Nervous system Odor Odorant receptors Odors Olfactory cilia Olfactory Pathways - physiology Olfactory receptor neurons Physiology Proteins Ranidae Sensory evaluation Sensory neurons Software Spatial distribution Stimuli Time Factors |
| title | Spatial distribution of calcium-gated chloride channels in olfactory cilia |
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