Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum
Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced ac...
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| description | Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd.
Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants.
The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0016360 |
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Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants.
The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016360</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21283689</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abiotic stress ; Accumulation ; Agricultural pollution ; Agriculture ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants (Nutrients) ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Ascorbic acid ; Biological control ; Biological pest control ; Biology ; Biomass ; Biotechnology ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - pharmacology ; Catalase ; Chemistry ; Chlorophyll ; Chloroplasts ; Cloning ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crops ; Cytotoxicity ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Drug Tolerance - genetics ; Enzymes ; Fatty acids ; Food availability ; Food Chain ; Food chains ; Food Contamination ; Food plants ; Free radicals ; Gene expression ; Gene transfer ; Genes ; Genetic engineering ; Genetically modified plants ; Glutathione ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione transferase ; Glutathione Transferase - genetics ; Glutathione Transferase - pharmacology ; Guiacols ; Heavy metals ; Heredity ; Humans ; Hybridization ; Hypocrea virens ; L-Ascorbate peroxidase ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipids ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Nicotiana - enzymology ; Nicotiana - genetics ; Nicotiana - metabolism ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Oryza ; Oxidative stress ; Peroxidase ; Peroxidation ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Plant biomass ; Plant genetics ; Plants (botany) ; Plants, Genetically Modified - enzymology ; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism ; Pollutants ; Pollution tolerance ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; Reverse transcription ; Spinacia ; Superoxide dismutase ; Thiols ; Tobacco ; Toxicity ; Transcription (Genetics) ; Transgenes ; Transgenic plants ; Trichoderma - enzymology ; Trichoderma virens</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-01, Vol.6 (1), p.e16360</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Dixit et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Dixit et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c789t-62dd2ad32e10b60936eb3003ffe6b63c5cd8c4e47d801801370647ba9385c87d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c789t-62dd2ad32e10b60936eb3003ffe6b63c5cd8c4e47d801801370647ba9385c87d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024989/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024989/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283689$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Yang, Haibing</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dixit, Prachy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, Prasun K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramachandran, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eapen, Susan</creatorcontrib><title>Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd.
Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants.
The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain.</description><subject>Abiotic stress</subject><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Agricultural pollution</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants (Nutrients)</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Biological pest control</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chloroplasts</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Drug Tolerance - genetics</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Food availability</subject><subject>Food Chain</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food Contamination</subject><subject>Food plants</subject><subject>Free radicals</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene transfer</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genetically modified plants</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Glutathione transferase</subject><subject>Glutathione Transferase - genetics</subject><subject>Glutathione Transferase - pharmacology</subject><subject>Guiacols</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Heredity</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hybridization</subject><subject>Hypocrea virens</subject><subject>L-Ascorbate peroxidase</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Nicotiana - enzymology</subject><subject>Nicotiana - genetics</subject><subject>Nicotiana - metabolism</subject><subject>Nicotiana tabacum</subject><subject>Oryza</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>Peroxidation</subject><subject>Phaseolus vulgaris</subject><subject>Plant biomass</subject><subject>Plant genetics</subject><subject>Plants (botany)</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified - enzymology</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution tolerance</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reverse transcription</subject><subject>Spinacia</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Thiols</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Transcription (Genetics)</subject><subject>Transgenes</subject><subject>Transgenic plants</subject><subject>Trichoderma - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dixit, Prachy</au><au>Mukherjee, Prasun K</au><au>Ramachandran, V</au><au>Eapen, Susan</au><au>Yang, Haibing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-01-21</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e16360</spage><pages>e16360-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd.
Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants.
The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21283689</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0016360</doi><tpages>e16360</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2011-01, Vol.6 (1), p.e16360 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1294304736 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Abiotic stress Accumulation Agricultural pollution Agriculture Agrobacterium tumefaciens Animals Antioxidants Antioxidants (Nutrients) Arabidopsis thaliana Ascorbic acid Biological control Biological pest control Biology Biomass Biotechnology Cadmium Cadmium - pharmacology Catalase Chemistry Chlorophyll Chloroplasts Cloning Cloning, Molecular Crops Cytotoxicity Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drug Tolerance - genetics Enzymes Fatty acids Food availability Food Chain Food chains Food Contamination Food plants Free radicals Gene expression Gene transfer Genes Genetic engineering Genetically modified plants Glutathione Glutathione peroxidase Glutathione transferase Glutathione Transferase - genetics Glutathione Transferase - pharmacology Guiacols Heavy metals Heredity Humans Hybridization Hypocrea virens L-Ascorbate peroxidase Lipid peroxidation Lipids Metabolism Methods Nicotiana - enzymology Nicotiana - genetics Nicotiana - metabolism Nicotiana tabacum Oryza Oxidative stress Peroxidase Peroxidation Phaseolus vulgaris Plant biomass Plant genetics Plants (botany) Plants, Genetically Modified - enzymology Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism Pollutants Pollution tolerance Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Reverse transcription Spinacia Superoxide dismutase Thiols Tobacco Toxicity Transcription (Genetics) Transgenes Transgenic plants Trichoderma - enzymology Trichoderma virens |
| title | Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum |
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