Differential deployment of REST and CoREST promotes glial subtype specification and oligodendrocyte lineage maturation

The repressor element-1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is a master transcriptional regulator that binds to numerous genomic RE1 sites where it acts as a molecular scaffold for dynamic recruitment of modulatory and epigenetic cofactors, including c...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2009-11, Vol.4 (11), p.e7665-e7665
Hauptverfasser: Abrajano, Joseph J, Qureshi, Irfan A, Gokhan, Solen, Zheng, Deyou, Bergman, Aviv, Mehler, Mark F
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container_end_page e7665
container_issue 11
container_start_page e7665
container_title PloS one
container_volume 4
creator Abrajano, Joseph J
Qureshi, Irfan A
Gokhan, Solen
Zheng, Deyou
Bergman, Aviv
Mehler, Mark F
description The repressor element-1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is a master transcriptional regulator that binds to numerous genomic RE1 sites where it acts as a molecular scaffold for dynamic recruitment of modulatory and epigenetic cofactors, including corepressor for element-1-silencing transcription factor (CoREST). CoREST also acts as a hub for various cofactors that play important roles in epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation. While REST can recruit CoREST to its macromolecular complex, CoREST complexes also function at genomic sites independently of REST. REST and CoREST perform a broad array of context-specific functions, which include repression of neuronal differentiation genes in neural stem cells (NSCs) and other non-neuronal cells as well as promotion of neurogenesis. Despite their involvement in multiple aspects of neuronal development, REST and CoREST are not believed to have any direct modulatory roles in glial cell maturation. We challenged this view by performing the first study of REST and CoREST in NSC-mediated glial lineage specification and differentiation. Utilizing ChIP on chip (ChIP-chip) assays, we identified distinct but overlapping developmental stage-specific profiles for REST and CoREST target genes during astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage specification and OL lineage maturation and myelination, including many genes not previously implicated in glial cell biology or linked to REST and CoREST regulation. Amongst these factors are those implicated in macroglial (AS and OL) cell identity, maturation, and maintenance, such as members of key developmental signaling pathways and combinatorial transcription factor codes. Our results imply that REST and CoREST modulate not only neuronal but also glial lineage elaboration. These factors may therefore mediate critical developmental processes including the coupling of neurogenesis and gliogenesis and neuronal-glial interactions that underlie synaptic and neural network plasticity and homeostasis in health and in specific neurological disease states.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0007665
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CoREST also acts as a hub for various cofactors that play important roles in epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation. While REST can recruit CoREST to its macromolecular complex, CoREST complexes also function at genomic sites independently of REST. REST and CoREST perform a broad array of context-specific functions, which include repression of neuronal differentiation genes in neural stem cells (NSCs) and other non-neuronal cells as well as promotion of neurogenesis. Despite their involvement in multiple aspects of neuronal development, REST and CoREST are not believed to have any direct modulatory roles in glial cell maturation. We challenged this view by performing the first study of REST and CoREST in NSC-mediated glial lineage specification and differentiation. Utilizing ChIP on chip (ChIP-chip) assays, we identified distinct but overlapping developmental stage-specific profiles for REST and CoREST target genes during astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage specification and OL lineage maturation and myelination, including many genes not previously implicated in glial cell biology or linked to REST and CoREST regulation. Amongst these factors are those implicated in macroglial (AS and OL) cell identity, maturation, and maintenance, such as members of key developmental signaling pathways and combinatorial transcription factor codes. Our results imply that REST and CoREST modulate not only neuronal but also glial lineage elaboration. 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subjects Animals
Artificial neural networks
Astrocytes - metabolism
Brain - embryology
Cell Differentiation
Cell Lineage
Cofactors
Combinatorial analysis
Coupling (molecular)
Developmental stages
Differentiation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Gene regulation
Gene Silencing
Genes
Glial cells
Glial plasticity
Gliogenesis
Homeostasis
Kinases
Macromolecules
Maturation
Mice
Migraine
Myelination
Nerve Tissue Proteins - biosynthesis
Nerve Tissue Proteins - physiology
Nervous system diseases
Neural networks
Neural plasticity
Neural stem cells
Neurogenesis
Neuroglia - cytology
Neurological Disorders/Neurogenetics
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
Neurons - metabolism
Neuroplasticity
Neuroscience/Neurobiology of Disease and Regeneration
Neuroscience/Neurodevelopment
Neuroscience/Neuronal and Glial Cell Biology
Oligodendroglia - cytology
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Regulatory sequences
Repressor Proteins - biosynthesis
Repressor Proteins - physiology
Rest
REST protein
Rodents
Signaling
Specifications
Stem cells
Synaptic plasticity
Transcription (Genetics)
Transcription Factors - metabolism
title Differential deployment of REST and CoREST promotes glial subtype specification and oligodendrocyte lineage maturation
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