Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)
Massive die-offs of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have been occurring since 2006 in hibernation sites around Albany, New York, and this problem has spread to other States in the Northeastern United States. White cottony fungal growth is seen on the snouts of affected animals, a prominent sign...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2010-05, Vol.5 (5), p.e10783 |
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| creator | Chaturvedi, Vishnu Springer, Deborah J Behr, Melissa J Ramani, Rama Li, Xiaojiang Peck, Marcia K Ren, Ping Bopp, Dianna J Wood, Britta Samsonoff, William A Butchkoski, Calvin M Hicks, Alan C Stone, Ward B Rudd, Robert J Chaturvedi, Sudha |
| description | Massive die-offs of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have been occurring since 2006 in hibernation sites around Albany, New York, and this problem has spread to other States in the Northeastern United States. White cottony fungal growth is seen on the snouts of affected animals, a prominent sign of White Nose Syndrome (WNS). A previous report described the involvement of the fungus Geomyces destructans in WNS, but an identical fungus was recently isolated in France from a bat that was evidently healthy. The fungus has been recovered sparsely despite plentiful availability of afflicted animals.
We have investigated 100 bat and environmental samples from eight affected sites in 2008. Our findings provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of G. destructans in bat WNS. (i) Direct smears from bat snouts, Periodic Acid Schiff-stained tissue sections from infected tissues, and scanning electron micrographs of bat tissues all showed fungal structures similar to those of G. destructans. (ii) G. destructans DNA was directly amplified from infected bat tissues, (iii) Isolations of G. destructans in cultures from infected bat tissues showed 100% DNA match with the fungus present in positive tissue samples. (iv) RAPD patterns for all G. destructans cultures isolated from two sites were indistinguishable. (v) The fungal isolates showed psychrophilic growth. (vi) We identified in vitro proteolytic activities suggestive of known fungal pathogenic traits in G. destructans.
Further studies are needed to understand whether G. destructans WNS is a symptom or a trigger for bat mass mortality. The availability of well-characterized G. destructans strains should promote an understanding of bat-fungus relationships, and should aid in the screening of biological and chemical control agents. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0010783 |
| format | Article |
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We have investigated 100 bat and environmental samples from eight affected sites in 2008. Our findings provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of G. destructans in bat WNS. (i) Direct smears from bat snouts, Periodic Acid Schiff-stained tissue sections from infected tissues, and scanning electron micrographs of bat tissues all showed fungal structures similar to those of G. destructans. (ii) G. destructans DNA was directly amplified from infected bat tissues, (iii) Isolations of G. destructans in cultures from infected bat tissues showed 100% DNA match with the fungus present in positive tissue samples. (iv) RAPD patterns for all G. destructans cultures isolated from two sites were indistinguishable. (v) The fungal isolates showed psychrophilic growth. (vi) We identified in vitro proteolytic activities suggestive of known fungal pathogenic traits in G. destructans.
Further studies are needed to understand whether G. destructans WNS is a symptom or a trigger for bat mass mortality. The availability of well-characterized G. destructans strains should promote an understanding of bat-fungus relationships, and should aid in the screening of biological and chemical control agents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010783</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20520731</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal diseases ; Animals ; Ascomycota - classification ; Ascomycota - genetics ; Ascomycota - isolation & purification ; Ascomycota - ultrastructure ; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ; Bats ; Bats (Animals) ; Biofilms ; Candida albicans ; Candida parapsilosis ; Chemical control ; Chiroptera ; Chiroptera - microbiology ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Cultures ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA, Fungal - genetics ; Electron micrographs ; Enzymes ; Etiology ; Forensic sciences ; Fungal diseases ; Fungi ; Fusarium ; Genetics ; Geomyces ; Geotrichum candidum ; Hibernation ; Infectious Diseases ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Microbiology/Medical Microbiology ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Mycoses - microbiology ; Mycoses - pathology ; Mycoses - veterinary ; Myotis lucifugus ; Myotis sodalis ; New York ; Nose ; Organ Specificity ; Pathology ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteolysis ; Public health ; Rabies ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome ; Tissues ; White-nose syndrome ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2010-05, Vol.5 (5), p.e10783</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2010 Chaturvedi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Chaturvedi et al. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c723t-55ea5dfb6f000427a70b7a80e4f0add891755a7f6658828e79645c551bc5be2f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c723t-55ea5dfb6f000427a70b7a80e4f0add891755a7f6658828e79645c551bc5be2f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875398/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875398/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20520731$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mylonakis, Eleftherios</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chaturvedi, Vishnu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Springer, Deborah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behr, Melissa J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramani, Rama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaojiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peck, Marcia K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bopp, Dianna J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, Britta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samsonoff, William A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Butchkoski, Calvin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hicks, Alan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stone, Ward B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudd, Robert J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaturvedi, Sudha</creatorcontrib><title>Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Massive die-offs of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have been occurring since 2006 in hibernation sites around Albany, New York, and this problem has spread to other States in the Northeastern United States. White cottony fungal growth is seen on the snouts of affected animals, a prominent sign of White Nose Syndrome (WNS). A previous report described the involvement of the fungus Geomyces destructans in WNS, but an identical fungus was recently isolated in France from a bat that was evidently healthy. The fungus has been recovered sparsely despite plentiful availability of afflicted animals.
We have investigated 100 bat and environmental samples from eight affected sites in 2008. Our findings provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of G. destructans in bat WNS. (i) Direct smears from bat snouts, Periodic Acid Schiff-stained tissue sections from infected tissues, and scanning electron micrographs of bat tissues all showed fungal structures similar to those of G. destructans. (ii) G. destructans DNA was directly amplified from infected bat tissues, (iii) Isolations of G. destructans in cultures from infected bat tissues showed 100% DNA match with the fungus present in positive tissue samples. (iv) RAPD patterns for all G. destructans cultures isolated from two sites were indistinguishable. (v) The fungal isolates showed psychrophilic growth. (vi) We identified in vitro proteolytic activities suggestive of known fungal pathogenic traits in G. destructans.
Further studies are needed to understand whether G. destructans WNS is a symptom or a trigger for bat mass mortality. The availability of well-characterized G. destructans strains should promote an understanding of bat-fungus relationships, and should aid in the screening of biological and chemical control agents.</description><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Ascomycota - classification</subject><subject>Ascomycota - genetics</subject><subject>Ascomycota - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Ascomycota - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</subject><subject>Bats</subject><subject>Bats (Animals)</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Candida albicans</subject><subject>Candida parapsilosis</subject><subject>Chemical control</subject><subject>Chiroptera</subject><subject>Chiroptera - microbiology</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans</subject><subject>Cultures</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Fungal - genetics</subject><subject>Electron micrographs</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Fungal diseases</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Fusarium</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Geomyces</subject><subject>Geotrichum candidum</subject><subject>Hibernation</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology/Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Mycological Typing Techniques</subject><subject>Mycoses - microbiology</subject><subject>Mycoses - pathology</subject><subject>Mycoses - veterinary</subject><subject>Myotis lucifugus</subject><subject>Myotis sodalis</subject><subject>New York</subject><subject>Nose</subject><subject>Organ Specificity</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteolysis</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Rabies</subject><subject>Random amplified polymorphic DNA</subject><subject>Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Syndrome</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>White-nose syndrome</subject><subject>Wildlife conservation</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk81u1DAQxyMEoqXwBggsIQE97OKPOE4uSFUFpVJpJRaoOFkTx964OPFiJ5TlGXhovO222kU9IB9sjX_zn_F4JsueEjwlTJA3F34MPbjpwvd6ijHBomT3sl1SMTopKGb3N8472aMYLzDmrCyKh9kOxZxiwchu9uejD4vWOz-3ChyCvkGdd1qNDgJSLQRQgw72NwzW9xF5gxZxqdrgF611ViEz9vMxoiPtu6XSETU6DmFUAyTYBN-hU32JvvnwHdUwRHRphxadt3bQ6NRHjWbLvkmURq_PT2f7j7MHBlzUT9b7Xvbl_bvPhx8mJ2dHx4cHJxMlKBsmnGvgjakLgzHOqQCBawEl1rnB0DRlRQTnIExR8LKkpRZVkXPFOakVrzU1bC97fq27cD7KdSGjJLSieUEEFYk4viYaDxdyEWwHYSk9WHll8GEuIQxWOS1pzusa5yCahuWsMBWAYZhUmOOm1BVJWm_X0ca6043S_RDAbYlu3_S2lXP_U9JScFaVSeDVWiD4H2MqsOxsVNo56LUfoxR5wXBR5jSRL_4h737cmppDyt_2xqewaqUpD3LByoqxfJX29A4qrUZ3VqWmMzbZtxz2txwSM-hfwxzGGOXx7NP_s2dft9mXG2yrwQ1t9G686shtML8GVfAxBm1ua0ywXM3MTTXkambkemaS27PN_7l1uhkS9hecAhMP</recordid><startdate>20100524</startdate><enddate>20100524</enddate><creator>Chaturvedi, Vishnu</creator><creator>Springer, Deborah J</creator><creator>Behr, Melissa J</creator><creator>Ramani, Rama</creator><creator>Li, Xiaojiang</creator><creator>Peck, Marcia K</creator><creator>Ren, Ping</creator><creator>Bopp, Dianna J</creator><creator>Wood, Britta</creator><creator>Samsonoff, William A</creator><creator>Butchkoski, Calvin M</creator><creator>Hicks, Alan C</creator><creator>Stone, Ward B</creator><creator>Rudd, Robert J</creator><creator>Chaturvedi, Sudha</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100524</creationdate><title>Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)</title><author>Chaturvedi, Vishnu ; Springer, Deborah J ; Behr, Melissa J ; Ramani, Rama ; Li, Xiaojiang ; Peck, Marcia K ; Ren, Ping ; Bopp, Dianna J ; Wood, Britta ; Samsonoff, William A ; Butchkoski, Calvin M ; Hicks, Alan C ; Stone, Ward B ; Rudd, Robert J ; Chaturvedi, Sudha</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c723t-55ea5dfb6f000427a70b7a80e4f0add891755a7f6658828e79645c551bc5be2f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animal diseases</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Ascomycota - classification</topic><topic>Ascomycota - genetics</topic><topic>Ascomycota - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Ascomycota - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</topic><topic>Bats</topic><topic>Bats (Animals)</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Candida albicans</topic><topic>Candida parapsilosis</topic><topic>Chemical control</topic><topic>Chiroptera</topic><topic>Chiroptera - microbiology</topic><topic>Cryptococcus neoformans</topic><topic>Cultures</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA, Fungal - genetics</topic><topic>Electron micrographs</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Forensic sciences</topic><topic>Fungal diseases</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Fusarium</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Geomyces</topic><topic>Geotrichum candidum</topic><topic>Hibernation</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiology/Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Mycological Typing Techniques</topic><topic>Mycoses - microbiology</topic><topic>Mycoses - pathology</topic><topic>Mycoses - veterinary</topic><topic>Myotis lucifugus</topic><topic>Myotis sodalis</topic><topic>New York</topic><topic>Nose</topic><topic>Organ Specificity</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Proteolysis</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Rabies</topic><topic>Random amplified polymorphic DNA</topic><topic>Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Syndrome</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>White-nose syndrome</topic><topic>Wildlife conservation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chaturvedi, Vishnu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Springer, Deborah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behr, Melissa J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramani, Rama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaojiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peck, Marcia K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bopp, Dianna J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, Britta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samsonoff, William A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Butchkoski, Calvin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hicks, Alan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stone, Ward B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudd, Robert J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaturvedi, Sudha</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chaturvedi, Vishnu</au><au>Springer, Deborah J</au><au>Behr, Melissa J</au><au>Ramani, Rama</au><au>Li, Xiaojiang</au><au>Peck, Marcia K</au><au>Ren, Ping</au><au>Bopp, Dianna J</au><au>Wood, Britta</au><au>Samsonoff, William A</au><au>Butchkoski, Calvin M</au><au>Hicks, Alan C</au><au>Stone, Ward B</au><au>Rudd, Robert J</au><au>Chaturvedi, Sudha</au><au>Mylonakis, Eleftherios</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS)</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2010-05-24</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e10783</spage><pages>e10783-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Massive die-offs of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) have been occurring since 2006 in hibernation sites around Albany, New York, and this problem has spread to other States in the Northeastern United States. White cottony fungal growth is seen on the snouts of affected animals, a prominent sign of White Nose Syndrome (WNS). A previous report described the involvement of the fungus Geomyces destructans in WNS, but an identical fungus was recently isolated in France from a bat that was evidently healthy. The fungus has been recovered sparsely despite plentiful availability of afflicted animals.
We have investigated 100 bat and environmental samples from eight affected sites in 2008. Our findings provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of G. destructans in bat WNS. (i) Direct smears from bat snouts, Periodic Acid Schiff-stained tissue sections from infected tissues, and scanning electron micrographs of bat tissues all showed fungal structures similar to those of G. destructans. (ii) G. destructans DNA was directly amplified from infected bat tissues, (iii) Isolations of G. destructans in cultures from infected bat tissues showed 100% DNA match with the fungus present in positive tissue samples. (iv) RAPD patterns for all G. destructans cultures isolated from two sites were indistinguishable. (v) The fungal isolates showed psychrophilic growth. (vi) We identified in vitro proteolytic activities suggestive of known fungal pathogenic traits in G. destructans.
Further studies are needed to understand whether G. destructans WNS is a symptom or a trigger for bat mass mortality. The availability of well-characterized G. destructans strains should promote an understanding of bat-fungus relationships, and should aid in the screening of biological and chemical control agents.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>20520731</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0010783</doi><tpages>e10783</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2010-05, Vol.5 (5), p.e10783 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1292461727 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animal diseases Animals Ascomycota - classification Ascomycota - genetics Ascomycota - isolation & purification Ascomycota - ultrastructure Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Bats Bats (Animals) Biofilms Candida albicans Candida parapsilosis Chemical control Chiroptera Chiroptera - microbiology Cryptococcus neoformans Cultures Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Fungal - genetics Electron micrographs Enzymes Etiology Forensic sciences Fungal diseases Fungi Fusarium Genetics Geomyces Geotrichum candidum Hibernation Infectious Diseases Laboratories Microbiology Microbiology/Medical Microbiology Mycological Typing Techniques Mycoses - microbiology Mycoses - pathology Mycoses - veterinary Myotis lucifugus Myotis sodalis New York Nose Organ Specificity Pathology Phylogenetics Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Proteolysis Public health Rabies Random amplified polymorphic DNA Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique Sequence Analysis, DNA Syndrome Tissues White-nose syndrome Wildlife conservation |
| title | Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with White Nose Syndrome (WNS) |
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