A molecular epidemiological study of var gene diversity to characterize the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in humans in Africa
The reservoir of Plasmodium infection in humans has traditionally been defined by blood slide positivity. This study was designed to characterize the local reservoir of infection in relation to the diverse var genes that encode the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages and unde...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e16629-e16629 |
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| creator | Chen, Donald S Barry, Alyssa E Leliwa-Sytek, Aleksandra Smith, Terry-Ann Peterson, Ingrid Brown, Stuart M Migot-Nabias, Florence Deloron, Philippe Kortok, Moses M Marsh, Kevin Daily, Johanna P Ndiaye, Daouda Sarr, Ousmane Mboup, Souleymane Day, Karen P |
| description | The reservoir of Plasmodium infection in humans has traditionally been defined by blood slide positivity. This study was designed to characterize the local reservoir of infection in relation to the diverse var genes that encode the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages and underlie the parasite's ability to establish chronic infection and transmit from human to mosquito.
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the var multigene family at local sites in Gabon, Senegal and Kenya which differ in parasite prevalence and transmission intensity. 1839 distinct var gene types were defined by sequencing DBLα domains in the three sites. Only 76 (4.1%) var types were found in more than one population indicating spatial heterogeneity in var types across the African continent. The majority of var types appeared only once in the population sample. Non-parametric statistical estimators predict in each population at minimum five to seven thousand distinct var types. Similar diversity of var types was seen in sites with different parasite prevalences.
Var population genomics provides new insights into the epidemiology of P. falciparum in Africa where malaria has never been conquered. In particular, we have described the extensive reservoir of infection in local African sites and discovered a unique var population structure that can facilitate superinfection through minimal overlap in var repertoires among parasite genomes. Our findings show that var typing as a molecular surveillance system defines the extent of genetic complexity in the reservoir of infection to complement measures of malaria prevalence. The observed small scale spatial diversity of var genes suggests that var genetics could greatly inform current malaria mapping approaches and predict complex malaria population dynamics due to the import of var types to areas where no widespread pre-existing immunity in the population exists. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0016629 |
| format | Article |
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We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the var multigene family at local sites in Gabon, Senegal and Kenya which differ in parasite prevalence and transmission intensity. 1839 distinct var gene types were defined by sequencing DBLα domains in the three sites. Only 76 (4.1%) var types were found in more than one population indicating spatial heterogeneity in var types across the African continent. The majority of var types appeared only once in the population sample. Non-parametric statistical estimators predict in each population at minimum five to seven thousand distinct var types. Similar diversity of var types was seen in sites with different parasite prevalences.
Var population genomics provides new insights into the epidemiology of P. falciparum in Africa where malaria has never been conquered. In particular, we have described the extensive reservoir of infection in local African sites and discovered a unique var population structure that can facilitate superinfection through minimal overlap in var repertoires among parasite genomes. Our findings show that var typing as a molecular surveillance system defines the extent of genetic complexity in the reservoir of infection to complement measures of malaria prevalence. The observed small scale spatial diversity of var genes suggests that var genetics could greatly inform current malaria mapping approaches and predict complex malaria population dynamics due to the import of var types to areas where no widespread pre-existing immunity in the population exists.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016629</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21347415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Africa - epidemiology ; Analysis ; Antigens ; Aquatic insects ; Biology ; Blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic infection ; Comparative analysis ; Complexity ; Disease transmission ; Epidemiology ; Erythrocytes ; Gene Frequency - genetics ; Gene mapping ; Gene sequencing ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic research ; Genetic Variation - genetics ; Genetics ; Genome, Protozoan - genetics ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Geography ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Immunity ; Infant ; Infection ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum - transmission ; Medawar, Peter ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Microsatellite Repeats - genetics ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mosquitoes ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; Pharmacy ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum - genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum - pathogenicity ; Population ; Population (statistical) ; Population biology ; Population structure ; Protozoan Proteins - genetics ; Spatial heterogeneity ; Superinfection ; Var gene ; Vector-borne diseases ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e16629-e16629</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Chen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Chen et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-a1cac313b512291c54169f26d6e2cb009ed59c5a92f8a0460c4c0c25b7005a183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-a1cac313b512291c54169f26d6e2cb009ed59c5a92f8a0460c4c0c25b7005a183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036650/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036650/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347415$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Donald S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barry, Alyssa E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leliwa-Sytek, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Terry-Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peterson, Ingrid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Stuart M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Migot-Nabias, Florence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deloron, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kortok, Moses M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marsh, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daily, Johanna P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndiaye, Daouda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarr, Ousmane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mboup, Souleymane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Day, Karen P</creatorcontrib><title>A molecular epidemiological study of var gene diversity to characterize the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in humans in Africa</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The reservoir of Plasmodium infection in humans has traditionally been defined by blood slide positivity. This study was designed to characterize the local reservoir of infection in relation to the diverse var genes that encode the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages and underlie the parasite's ability to establish chronic infection and transmit from human to mosquito.
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the var multigene family at local sites in Gabon, Senegal and Kenya which differ in parasite prevalence and transmission intensity. 1839 distinct var gene types were defined by sequencing DBLα domains in the three sites. Only 76 (4.1%) var types were found in more than one population indicating spatial heterogeneity in var types across the African continent. The majority of var types appeared only once in the population sample. Non-parametric statistical estimators predict in each population at minimum five to seven thousand distinct var types. Similar diversity of var types was seen in sites with different parasite prevalences.
Var population genomics provides new insights into the epidemiology of P. falciparum in Africa where malaria has never been conquered. In particular, we have described the extensive reservoir of infection in local African sites and discovered a unique var population structure that can facilitate superinfection through minimal overlap in var repertoires among parasite genomes. Our findings show that var typing as a molecular surveillance system defines the extent of genetic complexity in the reservoir of infection to complement measures of malaria prevalence. The observed small scale spatial diversity of var genes suggests that var genetics could greatly inform current malaria mapping approaches and predict complex malaria population dynamics due to the import of var types to areas where no widespread pre-existing immunity in the population exists.</description><subject>Africa - epidemiology</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chronic infection</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Complexity</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Gene Frequency - genetics</subject><subject>Gene mapping</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Genetic Variation - genetics</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genome, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - transmission</subject><subject>Medawar, Peter</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats - genetics</subject><subject>Molecular Epidemiology</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - genetics</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population (statistical)</subject><subject>Population biology</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Protozoan Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Spatial heterogeneity</subject><subject>Superinfection</subject><subject>Var gene</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLguLFjPlo0uZGGBY_BhZW_LoNaXo6kyFtxiQdHC_95abO7DKVvZBc5JA873uSk5wse4rRHNMSv9m4wffKzreuhzlCmHMi7mXnWFAy4wTR-yfxWfYohA1CjFacP8zOCKZFWWB2nv1e5J2zoAerfA5b00BnnHUro5XNQxyafe7afJc2V9BD3pgd-GDiPo8u12vllY7gzS_I4xpyDwH8zhk_aj5ZFTrXmKHLW2W12SqfQtPn66FTfRijRetTnsfZgwQEeHKcL7Jv7999vfw4u7r-sLxcXM10yco4U1grTTGtGSZEYM0KzEVLeMOB6BohAQ0TmilB2kqhgiNdaKQJq8t0b4UrepE9P_hurQvyWL4gMRGEFCUXZSKWB6JxaiO33nTK76VTRv5dcH4llY9GW5BVgRolGq45NEUFdZ0CxGpGUu5GtDp5vT1mG-oOGg199MpOTKc7vVnLldtJiijnDCWDV0cD734MEKLsTNBgrerBDUFWjApBBR7JF_-Qd1_uSK1UOr_pW5fS6tFTLkYCMV6NRZrfQaUxfgydvlpr0vpE8HoiSEyEn3GlhhDk8svn_2evv0_ZlyfsGpSN6-DsEI3rwxQsDqD2LgQP7W2NMZJjp9xUQ46dIo-dkmTPTt_nVnTTGvQPYi0QVQ</recordid><startdate>20110209</startdate><enddate>20110209</enddate><creator>Chen, Donald S</creator><creator>Barry, Alyssa E</creator><creator>Leliwa-Sytek, Aleksandra</creator><creator>Smith, Terry-Ann</creator><creator>Peterson, Ingrid</creator><creator>Brown, Stuart M</creator><creator>Migot-Nabias, Florence</creator><creator>Deloron, Philippe</creator><creator>Kortok, Moses M</creator><creator>Marsh, Kevin</creator><creator>Daily, Johanna P</creator><creator>Ndiaye, Daouda</creator><creator>Sarr, Ousmane</creator><creator>Mboup, Souleymane</creator><creator>Day, Karen P</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110209</creationdate><title>A molecular epidemiological study of var gene diversity to characterize the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in humans in Africa</title><author>Chen, Donald S ; Barry, Alyssa E ; Leliwa-Sytek, Aleksandra ; Smith, Terry-Ann ; Peterson, Ingrid ; Brown, Stuart M ; Migot-Nabias, Florence ; Deloron, Philippe ; Kortok, Moses M ; Marsh, Kevin ; Daily, Johanna P ; Ndiaye, Daouda ; Sarr, Ousmane ; Mboup, Souleymane ; Day, Karen P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-a1cac313b512291c54169f26d6e2cb009ed59c5a92f8a0460c4c0c25b7005a183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Africa - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Donald S</au><au>Barry, Alyssa E</au><au>Leliwa-Sytek, Aleksandra</au><au>Smith, Terry-Ann</au><au>Peterson, Ingrid</au><au>Brown, Stuart M</au><au>Migot-Nabias, Florence</au><au>Deloron, Philippe</au><au>Kortok, Moses M</au><au>Marsh, Kevin</au><au>Daily, Johanna P</au><au>Ndiaye, Daouda</au><au>Sarr, Ousmane</au><au>Mboup, Souleymane</au><au>Day, Karen P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A molecular epidemiological study of var gene diversity to characterize the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in humans in Africa</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-02-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e16629</spage><epage>e16629</epage><pages>e16629-e16629</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The reservoir of Plasmodium infection in humans has traditionally been defined by blood slide positivity. This study was designed to characterize the local reservoir of infection in relation to the diverse var genes that encode the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages and underlie the parasite's ability to establish chronic infection and transmit from human to mosquito.
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the var multigene family at local sites in Gabon, Senegal and Kenya which differ in parasite prevalence and transmission intensity. 1839 distinct var gene types were defined by sequencing DBLα domains in the three sites. Only 76 (4.1%) var types were found in more than one population indicating spatial heterogeneity in var types across the African continent. The majority of var types appeared only once in the population sample. Non-parametric statistical estimators predict in each population at minimum five to seven thousand distinct var types. Similar diversity of var types was seen in sites with different parasite prevalences.
Var population genomics provides new insights into the epidemiology of P. falciparum in Africa where malaria has never been conquered. In particular, we have described the extensive reservoir of infection in local African sites and discovered a unique var population structure that can facilitate superinfection through minimal overlap in var repertoires among parasite genomes. Our findings show that var typing as a molecular surveillance system defines the extent of genetic complexity in the reservoir of infection to complement measures of malaria prevalence. The observed small scale spatial diversity of var genes suggests that var genetics could greatly inform current malaria mapping approaches and predict complex malaria population dynamics due to the import of var types to areas where no widespread pre-existing immunity in the population exists.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21347415</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0016629</doi><tpages>e16629</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e16629-e16629 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1292247697 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Africa - epidemiology Analysis Antigens Aquatic insects Biology Blood Child Child, Preschool Chronic infection Comparative analysis Complexity Disease transmission Epidemiology Erythrocytes Gene Frequency - genetics Gene mapping Gene sequencing Genes Genetic diversity Genetic research Genetic Variation - genetics Genetics Genome, Protozoan - genetics Genomes Genomics Geography Health aspects Humans Immunity Infant Infection Infections Infectious diseases Malaria Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum - transmission Medawar, Peter Medical research Medicine Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Molecular Epidemiology Mosquitoes Parasites Parasitology Pharmacy Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum - genetics Plasmodium falciparum - pathogenicity Population Population (statistical) Population biology Population structure Protozoan Proteins - genetics Spatial heterogeneity Superinfection Var gene Vector-borne diseases Zoology |
| title | A molecular epidemiological study of var gene diversity to characterize the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in humans in Africa |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T16%3A38%3A56IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20molecular%20epidemiological%20study%20of%20var%20gene%20diversity%20to%20characterize%20the%20reservoir%20of%20Plasmodium%20falciparum%20in%20humans%20in%20Africa&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Chen,%20Donald%20S&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e16629&rft.epage=e16629&rft.pages=e16629-e16629&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016629&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476905688%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1292247697&rft_id=info:pmid/21347415&rft_galeid=A476905688&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_840da9d6c6ed48ebbc6e05b528a0d9fc&rfr_iscdi=true |