The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids
Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain iso...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2010-07, Vol.5 (7), p.e10986-e10986 |
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| creator | Klee, Silke R Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B Nattermann, Herbert Brüggemann, Holger Dupke, Susann Wollherr, Antje Franz, Tatjana Pauli, Georg Appel, Bernd Liebl, Wolfgang Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel Boesch, Christophe Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee Leendertz, Fabian H Ellerbrok, Heinz Gottschalk, Gerhard Grunow, Roland Liesegang, Heiko |
| description | Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis". |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0010986 |
| format | Article |
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Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010986</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20634886</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Analysis ; Animals ; Anthrax ; Anthrax - microbiology ; Anthrax - veterinary ; Bacillus ; Bacillus anthracis ; Bacillus anthracis - genetics ; Bacillus anthracis - pathogenicity ; Bacillus cereus ; Bacillus cereus - genetics ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; Bacteria ; Bacterial genetics ; Bacterial infections ; Chimpanzees ; Chromosomes ; Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics ; Computational Biology ; Diagnostic systems ; Edema ; Fatalities ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic research ; Genetics ; Genetics and Genomics/Genomics ; Genome, Bacterial - genetics ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections ; Laboratories ; Lungs ; Metabolism ; Microbiology ; Microbiology/Microbial Evolution and Genomics ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Nonsense mutation ; Nucleotide sequence ; Pan troglodytes - microbiology ; Plasmids ; Plasmids - genetics ; Primate Diseases - microbiology ; Prophages ; Rainforests ; Regulon - genetics ; Relational data bases ; Virulence ; Virulence - genetics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2010-07, Vol.5 (7), p.e10986-e10986</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2010 Klee et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Klee et al. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-c4156536cc94baef7ddb09c1a910b4d431c158a6979e42fb7e955e9e9cb2df943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-c4156536cc94baef7ddb09c1a910b4d431c158a6979e42fb7e955e9e9cb2df943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901330/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901330/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634886$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Klee, Silke R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nattermann, Herbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brüggemann, Holger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dupke, Susann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wollherr, Antje</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Tatjana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauli, Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appel, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liebl, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boesch, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leendertz, Fabian H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellerbrok, Heinz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gottschalk, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grunow, Roland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liesegang, Heiko</creatorcontrib><title>The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthrax</subject><subject>Anthrax - microbiology</subject><subject>Anthrax - veterinary</subject><subject>Bacillus</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - genetics</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Bacillus cereus</subject><subject>Bacillus cereus - genetics</subject><subject>Bacillus thuringiensis</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Chimpanzees</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Computational Biology</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Edema</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genetics and Genomics/Genomics</subject><subject>Genome, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology/Microbial Evolution and Genomics</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Nonsense mutation</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - microbiology</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Plasmids - genetics</subject><subject>Primate Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Prophages</subject><subject>Rainforests</subject><subject>Regulon - genetics</subject><subject>Relational data bases</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence - 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C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Klee, Silke R</au><au>Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B</au><au>Nattermann, Herbert</au><au>Brüggemann, Holger</au><au>Dupke, Susann</au><au>Wollherr, Antje</au><au>Franz, Tatjana</au><au>Pauli, Georg</au><au>Appel, Bernd</au><au>Liebl, Wolfgang</au><au>Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel</au><au>Boesch, Christophe</au><au>Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee</au><au>Leendertz, Fabian H</au><au>Ellerbrok, Heinz</au><au>Gottschalk, Gerhard</au><au>Grunow, Roland</au><au>Liesegang, Heiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2010-07-09</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e10986</spage><epage>e10986</epage><pages>e10986-e10986</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>20634886</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0010986</doi><tpages>e10986</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2010-07, Vol.5 (7), p.e10986-e10986 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1291896286 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acids Analysis Animals Anthrax Anthrax - microbiology Anthrax - veterinary Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis - genetics Bacillus anthracis - pathogenicity Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus - genetics Bacillus thuringiensis Bacteria Bacterial genetics Bacterial infections Chimpanzees Chromosomes Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics Computational Biology Diagnostic systems Edema Fatalities Genes Genetic aspects Genetic research Genetics Genetics and Genomics/Genomics Genome, Bacterial - genetics Genomes Genomics Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections Laboratories Lungs Metabolism Microbiology Microbiology/Microbial Evolution and Genomics Models, Genetic Mutation Nonsense mutation Nucleotide sequence Pan troglodytes - microbiology Plasmids Plasmids - genetics Primate Diseases - microbiology Prophages Rainforests Regulon - genetics Relational data bases Virulence Virulence - genetics |
| title | The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids |
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