Rate of evolution in brain-expressed genes in humans and other primates
Brain-expressed genes are known to evolve slowly in mammals. Nevertheless, since brains of higher primates have evolved rapidly, one might expect acceleration in DNA sequence evolution in their brain-expressed genes. In this study, we carried out full-length cDNA sequencing on the brain transcriptom...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS biology 2007-02, Vol.5 (2), p.e13-e13 |
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| creator | Wang, Hurng-Yi Chien, Huan-Chieh Osada, Naoki Hashimoto, Katsuyuki Sugano, Sumio Gojobori, Takashi Chou, Chen-Kung Tsai, Shih-Feng Wu, Chung-I Shen, C-K James |
| description | Brain-expressed genes are known to evolve slowly in mammals. Nevertheless, since brains of higher primates have evolved rapidly, one might expect acceleration in DNA sequence evolution in their brain-expressed genes. In this study, we carried out full-length cDNA sequencing on the brain transcriptome of an Old World monkey (OWM) and then conducted three-way comparisons among (i) mouse, OWM, and human, and (ii) OWM, chimpanzee, and human. Although brain-expressed genes indeed appear to evolve more rapidly in species with more advanced brains (apes > OWM > mouse), a similar lineage effect is observable for most other genes. The broad inclusion of genes in the reference set to represent the genomic average is therefore critical to this type of analysis. Calibrated against the genomic average, the rate of evolution among brain-expressed genes is probably lower (or at most equal) in humans than in chimpanzee and OWM. Interestingly, the trend of slow evolution in coding sequence is no less pronounced among brain-specific genes, vis-à-vis brain-expressed genes in general. The human brain may thus differ from those of our close relatives in two opposite directions: (i) faster evolution in gene expression, and (ii) a likely slowdown in the evolution of protein sequences. Possible explanations and hypotheses are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050013 |
| format | Article |
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Nevertheless, since brains of higher primates have evolved rapidly, one might expect acceleration in DNA sequence evolution in their brain-expressed genes. In this study, we carried out full-length cDNA sequencing on the brain transcriptome of an Old World monkey (OWM) and then conducted three-way comparisons among (i) mouse, OWM, and human, and (ii) OWM, chimpanzee, and human. Although brain-expressed genes indeed appear to evolve more rapidly in species with more advanced brains (apes > OWM > mouse), a similar lineage effect is observable for most other genes. The broad inclusion of genes in the reference set to represent the genomic average is therefore critical to this type of analysis. Calibrated against the genomic average, the rate of evolution among brain-expressed genes is probably lower (or at most equal) in humans than in chimpanzee and OWM. Interestingly, the trend of slow evolution in coding sequence is no less pronounced among brain-specific genes, vis-à-vis brain-expressed genes in general. The human brain may thus differ from those of our close relatives in two opposite directions: (i) faster evolution in gene expression, and (ii) a likely slowdown in the evolution of protein sequences. Possible explanations and hypotheses are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1544-9173</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050013</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17194215</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain ; Brain - metabolism ; Cloning ; Cloning, Molecular ; Comparative analysis ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Evolution ; Evolutionary Biology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic aspects ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Homo (Human) ; Human beings ; Humans ; Macaca ; Man ; Pan troglodytes ; Primates ; Primates - genetics ; Proteins ; Ratios ; Studies</subject><ispartof>PLoS biology, 2007-02, Vol.5 (2), p.e13-e13</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2007 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2007 Wang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Wang H-Y, Chien H-C, Osada N, Hashimoto K, Sugano S, et al. (2007) Rate of Evolution in Brain-Expressed Genes in Humans and Other Primates. PLoS Biol 5(2): e13. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050013</rights><rights>2007 Wang et al. 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c891t-1709e01c0f4a8115407a36a05e4980fab281190220a211e6d8150f551ee0de183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c891t-1709e01c0f4a8115407a36a05e4980fab281190220a211e6d8150f551ee0de183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1717015/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1717015/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Wolfe, Kenneth</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hurng-Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chien, Huan-Chieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osada, Naoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashimoto, Katsuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sugano, Sumio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gojobori, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Chen-Kung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Shih-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Chung-I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, C-K James</creatorcontrib><title>Rate of evolution in brain-expressed genes in humans and other primates</title><title>PLoS biology</title><addtitle>PLoS Biol</addtitle><description>Brain-expressed genes are known to evolve slowly in mammals. Nevertheless, since brains of higher primates have evolved rapidly, one might expect acceleration in DNA sequence evolution in their brain-expressed genes. In this study, we carried out full-length cDNA sequencing on the brain transcriptome of an Old World monkey (OWM) and then conducted three-way comparisons among (i) mouse, OWM, and human, and (ii) OWM, chimpanzee, and human. Although brain-expressed genes indeed appear to evolve more rapidly in species with more advanced brains (apes > OWM > mouse), a similar lineage effect is observable for most other genes. The broad inclusion of genes in the reference set to represent the genomic average is therefore critical to this type of analysis. Calibrated against the genomic average, the rate of evolution among brain-expressed genes is probably lower (or at most equal) in humans than in chimpanzee and OWM. Interestingly, the trend of slow evolution in coding sequence is no less pronounced among brain-specific genes, vis-à-vis brain-expressed genes in general. The human brain may thus differ from those of our close relatives in two opposite directions: (i) faster evolution in gene expression, and (ii) a likely slowdown in the evolution of protein sequences. Possible explanations and hypotheses are discussed.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Complementary</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Homo (Human)</subject><subject>Human beings</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Macaca</subject><subject>Man</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes</subject><subject>Primates</subject><subject>Primates - genetics</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>1545-7885</issn><issn>1544-9173</issn><issn>1545-7885</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVk1-L1DAUxYso7rr6DUQLguDDjLlp0yYvwrLoOrC4sP55DWl6M5Ohk4xJu6zf3sxM1a0srJKHhpvfPTk94WbZcyBzKGp4u_ZDcKqbbxvr54QwQqB4kB0DK9ms5pw9vLU_yp7EuCaEUkH54-wIahAlBXacnV-pHnNvcrz23dBb73Lr8iYo62Z4sw0YI7b5Eh3G3cFq2CgXc-Xa3PcrDPk22E1SiE-zR0Z1EZ-N35Ps64f3X84-zi4uzxdnpxczzQX0M6iJQAKamFJxSP5IrYpKEYal4MSohqaqSD6JogBYtRwYMYwBImkReHGSvTzobjsf5ZhBlEAFcFEkOhGLA9F6tZZ7f-GH9MrKfcGHpVSht7pDWRRGNIQZogktddFwoQre8tq0Ta0boEnr3Xjb0Gyw1ej6oLqJ6PTE2ZVc-muZAq7J3szrUSD47wPGXm5s1Nh1yqEfoqw4VKIs4F6QJjdVyuteEAQra6B1Al_9Bd6d1kgtVQrEOuPTf-idpDyFCmpRsf2l8zuotFrcWO0dGpvqk4Y3k4bE9HjTL9UQo1x8vvoP9tO_s5ffpmx5YHXwMQY0v98NiNyN0K9A5G6E5DhCqe3F7Tf_0zTOTPET1osTiw</recordid><startdate>20070201</startdate><enddate>20070201</enddate><creator>Wang, Hurng-Yi</creator><creator>Chien, Huan-Chieh</creator><creator>Osada, Naoki</creator><creator>Hashimoto, Katsuyuki</creator><creator>Sugano, Sumio</creator><creator>Gojobori, Takashi</creator><creator>Chou, Chen-Kung</creator><creator>Tsai, Shih-Feng</creator><creator>Wu, Chung-I</creator><creator>Shen, C-K James</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><scope>CZG</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070201</creationdate><title>Rate of evolution in brain-expressed genes in humans and other primates</title><author>Wang, Hurng-Yi ; Chien, Huan-Chieh ; Osada, Naoki ; Hashimoto, Katsuyuki ; Sugano, Sumio ; Gojobori, Takashi ; Chou, Chen-Kung ; Tsai, Shih-Feng ; Wu, Chung-I ; Shen, C-K James</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c891t-1709e01c0f4a8115407a36a05e4980fab281190220a211e6d8150f551ee0de183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - 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| subjects | Animals Biological Evolution Brain Brain - metabolism Cloning Cloning, Molecular Comparative analysis Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Complementary Evolution Evolutionary Biology Gene Expression Genetic aspects Genetics Genomes Homo (Human) Human beings Humans Macaca Man Pan troglodytes Primates Primates - genetics Proteins Ratios Studies |
| title | Rate of evolution in brain-expressed genes in humans and other primates |
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