A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary
The adult endocrine pituitary is known to host several hormone-producing cells regulating major physiological processes during life. Some candidates to progenitor/stem cells have been proposed. However, not much is known about pituitary cell renewal throughout life and its homeostatic regulation dur...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2009-03, Vol.4 (3), p.e4815 |
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| creator | Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse Quereda, Víctor Flores, Ignacio Saez, Carmen Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther Japon, Miguel A Ryan, Aymee K Blasco, Maria A Dieguez, Carlos Malumbres, Marcos Alvarez, Clara V |
| description | The adult endocrine pituitary is known to host several hormone-producing cells regulating major physiological processes during life. Some candidates to progenitor/stem cells have been proposed. However, not much is known about pituitary cell renewal throughout life and its homeostatic regulation during specific physiological changes, such as puberty or pregnancy, or in pathological conditions such as tumor development.
We have identified in rodents and humans a niche of non-endocrine cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, a Ret co-receptor for Neurturin. These cells also express b-Catenin and E-cadherin in an oriented manner suggesting a planar polarity organization for the niche. In addition, cells in the niche uniquely express the pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1, as well as known progenitor/stem markers such as Sox2, Sox9 and Oct4. Half of these GPS (GFRa2/Prop1/Stem) cells express S-100 whereas surrounding elongated cells in contact with GPS cells express Vimentin. GFRa2+-cells form non-endocrine spheroids in culture. These spheroids can be differentiated to hormone-producing cells or neurons outlining the neuroectoderm potential of these progenitors. In vivo, GPSs cells display slow proliferation after birth, retain BrdU label and show long telomeres in its nuclei, indicating progenitor/stem cell properties in vivo.
Our results suggest the presence in the adult pituitary of a specific niche of cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, the pituitary-specific protein Prop1 and stem cell markers. These GPS cells are able to produce different hormone-producing and neuron-like cells and they may therefore contribute to postnatal pituitary homeostasis. Indeed, the relative abundance of GPS numbers is altered in Cdk4-deficient mice, a model of hypopituitarism induced by the lack of this cyclin-dependent kinase. Thus, GPS cells may display functional relevance in the physiological expansion of the pituitary gland throughout life as well as protection from pituitary disease. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0004815 |
| format | Article |
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We have identified in rodents and humans a niche of non-endocrine cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, a Ret co-receptor for Neurturin. These cells also express b-Catenin and E-cadherin in an oriented manner suggesting a planar polarity organization for the niche. In addition, cells in the niche uniquely express the pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1, as well as known progenitor/stem markers such as Sox2, Sox9 and Oct4. Half of these GPS (GFRa2/Prop1/Stem) cells express S-100 whereas surrounding elongated cells in contact with GPS cells express Vimentin. GFRa2+-cells form non-endocrine spheroids in culture. These spheroids can be differentiated to hormone-producing cells or neurons outlining the neuroectoderm potential of these progenitors. In vivo, GPSs cells display slow proliferation after birth, retain BrdU label and show long telomeres in its nuclei, indicating progenitor/stem cell properties in vivo.
Our results suggest the presence in the adult pituitary of a specific niche of cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, the pituitary-specific protein Prop1 and stem cell markers. These GPS cells are able to produce different hormone-producing and neuron-like cells and they may therefore contribute to postnatal pituitary homeostasis. Indeed, the relative abundance of GPS numbers is altered in Cdk4-deficient mice, a model of hypopituitarism induced by the lack of this cyclin-dependent kinase. Thus, GPS cells may display functional relevance in the physiological expansion of the pituitary gland throughout life as well as protection from pituitary disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004815</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19283075</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Bromodeoxyuridine - pharmacology ; Cell Biology/Morphogenesis and Cell Biology ; Cell Biology/Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms ; Cell culture ; Cell cycle ; Cell division ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 ; Cyclin-dependent kinases ; Diabetes and Endocrinology/Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary ; E-cadherin ; Elongation ; Gene Expression ; Genes ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - genetics ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - metabolism ; Global Positioning System ; Homeodomain Proteins - genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Hormones ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Hypopituitarism - metabolism ; Intermediate filament proteins ; Kinases ; Lymphocytes B ; Medicine ; Mice ; Nervous system ; Neuroectoderm ; Nuclei (cytology) ; Oct-4 protein ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - metabolism ; Pathology ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Pituitary ; Pituitary gland ; Pituitary Gland - cytology ; Pituitary Gland - metabolism ; Pituitary Hormones - metabolism ; Polarity ; Pregnancy ; Prophet of pit-1 protein ; Puberty ; Rats ; Relative abundance ; Rodents ; Sox9 protein ; Spheroids ; Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens - metabolism ; Stem Cell Niche - metabolism ; Stem cell transplantation ; Stem cells ; Stem Cells - cytology ; Stem Cells - metabolism ; Telomerase ; Telomere - ultrastructure ; Telomeres ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transcription Factors - metabolism ; Tumorigenesis ; Tumors ; Vimentin ; β-Catenin</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2009-03, Vol.4 (3), p.e4815</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2009 Garcia-Lavandeira et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Garcia-Lavandeira et al. 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-df118fa90992c1614ba634c769c0b528d041f52a7eb125021489f08254ec4ac33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-df118fa90992c1614ba634c769c0b528d041f52a7eb125021489f08254ec4ac33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654029/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654029/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19283075$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Calbet, Jose A. L.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quereda, Víctor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores, Ignacio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saez, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Japon, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Aymee K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blasco, Maria A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dieguez, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malumbres, Marcos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez, Clara V</creatorcontrib><title>A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The adult endocrine pituitary is known to host several hormone-producing cells regulating major physiological processes during life. Some candidates to progenitor/stem cells have been proposed. However, not much is known about pituitary cell renewal throughout life and its homeostatic regulation during specific physiological changes, such as puberty or pregnancy, or in pathological conditions such as tumor development.
We have identified in rodents and humans a niche of non-endocrine cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, a Ret co-receptor for Neurturin. These cells also express b-Catenin and E-cadherin in an oriented manner suggesting a planar polarity organization for the niche. In addition, cells in the niche uniquely express the pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1, as well as known progenitor/stem markers such as Sox2, Sox9 and Oct4. Half of these GPS (GFRa2/Prop1/Stem) cells express S-100 whereas surrounding elongated cells in contact with GPS cells express Vimentin. GFRa2+-cells form non-endocrine spheroids in culture. These spheroids can be differentiated to hormone-producing cells or neurons outlining the neuroectoderm potential of these progenitors. In vivo, GPSs cells display slow proliferation after birth, retain BrdU label and show long telomeres in its nuclei, indicating progenitor/stem cell properties in vivo.
Our results suggest the presence in the adult pituitary of a specific niche of cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, the pituitary-specific protein Prop1 and stem cell markers. These GPS cells are able to produce different hormone-producing and neuron-like cells and they may therefore contribute to postnatal pituitary homeostasis. Indeed, the relative abundance of GPS numbers is altered in Cdk4-deficient mice, a model of hypopituitarism induced by the lack of this cyclin-dependent kinase. Thus, GPS cells may display functional relevance in the physiological expansion of the pituitary gland throughout life as well as protection from pituitary disease.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Bromodeoxyuridine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cell Biology/Morphogenesis and Cell Biology</subject><subject>Cell Biology/Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cyclin-dependent kinase 4</subject><subject>Cyclin-dependent kinases</subject><subject>Diabetes and Endocrinology/Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary</subject><subject>E-cadherin</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - genetics</subject><subject>Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - metabolism</subject><subject>Global Positioning System</subject><subject>Homeodomain Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypopituitarism</subject><subject>Hypopituitarism - metabolism</subject><subject>Intermediate filament proteins</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neuroectoderm</subject><subject>Nuclei (cytology)</subject><subject>Oct-4 protein</subject><subject>Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - metabolism</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Pituitary</subject><subject>Pituitary gland</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - cytology</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - metabolism</subject><subject>Pituitary Hormones - metabolism</subject><subject>Polarity</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prophet of pit-1 protein</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Relative abundance</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sox9 protein</subject><subject>Spheroids</subject><subject>Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens - metabolism</subject><subject>Stem Cell Niche - metabolism</subject><subject>Stem cell transplantation</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Stem Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Stem Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Telomerase</subject><subject>Telomere - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Telomeres</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>Tumorigenesis</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Vimentin</subject><subject>β-Catenin</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1Uk1vEzEQXSEQLYV_gGAlLnBIMuOPXfuCFFU0VKpExcfZ8vojdbRZL_YGiX-PQxZoD8iHsWbmvXmjeVX1EmGJtMXVLh7SoPvlGAe3BAAmkD-qzlFSsmgI0Mf3_mfVs5x3AJyKpnlanaEkgkLLzyu2rjefrzRZ3aY44ipPbl-_3dx-eVcb1_f1EMydq8NQTyWMYTqESaefz6snXvfZvZjjRfXt6sPXy4-Lm0-b68v1zcLwhk4L6xGF1xKkJAYbZJ1uKDNtIw10nAgLDD0nunUdEg4EmZAeBOHMGaYNpRfV6xPv2Mes5oWzQiKBchQtKR3Xpw4b9U6NKeyLPBV1UL8TMW2VTlMwvVMdt0ISBtYTz5ilXSvRC2-NB5CtFYXr_Tzt0O2dNW6Yku4fkD6sDOFObeMPRRrOgMhC8GYmSPH7weXpP5KXp66tLqrC4GMhM-VZtw-mHNOHkl-zllLOmDjqYieASTHn5PxfSQjqaIU_Y9TRCmq2QoG9ur_OP9B8e_oLYyauLQ</recordid><startdate>20090313</startdate><enddate>20090313</enddate><creator>Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse</creator><creator>Quereda, Víctor</creator><creator>Flores, Ignacio</creator><creator>Saez, Carmen</creator><creator>Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther</creator><creator>Japon, Miguel A</creator><creator>Ryan, Aymee K</creator><creator>Blasco, Maria A</creator><creator>Dieguez, Carlos</creator><creator>Malumbres, Marcos</creator><creator>Alvarez, Clara V</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090313</creationdate><title>A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary</title><author>Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse ; Quereda, Víctor ; Flores, Ignacio ; Saez, Carmen ; Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther ; Japon, Miguel A ; Ryan, Aymee K ; Blasco, Maria A ; Dieguez, Carlos ; Malumbres, Marcos ; Alvarez, Clara V</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-df118fa90992c1614ba634c769c0b528d041f52a7eb125021489f08254ec4ac33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Bromodeoxyuridine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cell Biology/Morphogenesis and Cell Biology</topic><topic>Cell Biology/Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell division</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Cyclin-dependent kinase 4</topic><topic>Cyclin-dependent kinases</topic><topic>Diabetes and Endocrinology/Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary</topic><topic>E-cadherin</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - genetics</topic><topic>Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - metabolism</topic><topic>Global Positioning System</topic><topic>Homeodomain Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypopituitarism</topic><topic>Hypopituitarism - metabolism</topic><topic>Intermediate filament proteins</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neuroectoderm</topic><topic>Nuclei (cytology)</topic><topic>Oct-4 protein</topic><topic>Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Garcia-Lavandeira, Montse</au><au>Quereda, Víctor</au><au>Flores, Ignacio</au><au>Saez, Carmen</au><au>Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther</au><au>Japon, Miguel A</au><au>Ryan, Aymee K</au><au>Blasco, Maria A</au><au>Dieguez, Carlos</au><au>Malumbres, Marcos</au><au>Alvarez, Clara V</au><au>Calbet, Jose A. L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2009-03-13</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e4815</spage><pages>e4815-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The adult endocrine pituitary is known to host several hormone-producing cells regulating major physiological processes during life. Some candidates to progenitor/stem cells have been proposed. However, not much is known about pituitary cell renewal throughout life and its homeostatic regulation during specific physiological changes, such as puberty or pregnancy, or in pathological conditions such as tumor development.
We have identified in rodents and humans a niche of non-endocrine cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, a Ret co-receptor for Neurturin. These cells also express b-Catenin and E-cadherin in an oriented manner suggesting a planar polarity organization for the niche. In addition, cells in the niche uniquely express the pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1, as well as known progenitor/stem markers such as Sox2, Sox9 and Oct4. Half of these GPS (GFRa2/Prop1/Stem) cells express S-100 whereas surrounding elongated cells in contact with GPS cells express Vimentin. GFRa2+-cells form non-endocrine spheroids in culture. These spheroids can be differentiated to hormone-producing cells or neurons outlining the neuroectoderm potential of these progenitors. In vivo, GPSs cells display slow proliferation after birth, retain BrdU label and show long telomeres in its nuclei, indicating progenitor/stem cell properties in vivo.
Our results suggest the presence in the adult pituitary of a specific niche of cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, the pituitary-specific protein Prop1 and stem cell markers. These GPS cells are able to produce different hormone-producing and neuron-like cells and they may therefore contribute to postnatal pituitary homeostasis. Indeed, the relative abundance of GPS numbers is altered in Cdk4-deficient mice, a model of hypopituitarism induced by the lack of this cyclin-dependent kinase. Thus, GPS cells may display functional relevance in the physiological expansion of the pituitary gland throughout life as well as protection from pituitary disease.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>19283075</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0004815</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2009-03, Vol.4 (3), p.e4815 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1290351872 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Abundance Animals Biomarkers Bromodeoxyuridine - pharmacology Cell Biology/Morphogenesis and Cell Biology Cell Biology/Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms Cell culture Cell cycle Cell division Cell Proliferation Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Cyclin-dependent kinases Diabetes and Endocrinology/Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary E-cadherin Elongation Gene Expression Genes Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - genetics Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - metabolism Global Positioning System Homeodomain Proteins - genetics Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism Homeostasis Hormones Humans Hypopituitarism Hypopituitarism - metabolism Intermediate filament proteins Kinases Lymphocytes B Medicine Mice Nervous system Neuroectoderm Nuclei (cytology) Oct-4 protein Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - metabolism Pathology Physiological aspects Physiology Pituitary Pituitary gland Pituitary Gland - cytology Pituitary Gland - metabolism Pituitary Hormones - metabolism Polarity Pregnancy Prophet of pit-1 protein Puberty Rats Relative abundance Rodents Sox9 protein Spheroids Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens - metabolism Stem Cell Niche - metabolism Stem cell transplantation Stem cells Stem Cells - cytology Stem Cells - metabolism Telomerase Telomere - ultrastructure Telomeres Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Tumorigenesis Tumors Vimentin β-Catenin |
| title | A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary |
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