Incidence and risk factors of homicide-suicide in Swiss households: National Cohort study
Homicide-suicides are rare but catastrophic events. This study examined the epidemiology of homicide-suicide in Switzerland. The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis...
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| creator | Panczak, Radoslaw Zwahlen, Marcel Spoerri, Adrian Tal, Kali Killias, Martin Egger, Matthias |
| description | Homicide-suicides are rare but catastrophic events. This study examined the epidemiology of homicide-suicide in Switzerland.
The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis examined the association of the risk of dying in a homicide-suicide event with socio-demographic variables, measured at the individual-level, household composition variables and area-level variables. Proportional hazards regression models were calculated for male perpetrators and female victims. Results are presented as age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
The study identified 158 deaths from homicide-suicide events, including 85 murder victims (62 women, 4 men, 19 children and adolescents) and 68 male and 5 female perpetrators. The incidence was 3 events per million households and year. Firearms were the most prominent method for both homicides and suicides. The risk of perpetrating homicide-suicide was higher in divorced than in married men (HR 3.64; 95%CI 1.56-8.49), in foreigners without permanent residency compared to Swiss citizens (HR 3.95; 1.52-10.2), higher in men without religious affiliations than in Catholics (HR 2.23; 1.14-4.36) and higher in crowded households (HR 4.85; 1.72-13.6 comparing ≥2 with |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0053714 |
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The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis examined the association of the risk of dying in a homicide-suicide event with socio-demographic variables, measured at the individual-level, household composition variables and area-level variables. Proportional hazards regression models were calculated for male perpetrators and female victims. Results are presented as age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
The study identified 158 deaths from homicide-suicide events, including 85 murder victims (62 women, 4 men, 19 children and adolescents) and 68 male and 5 female perpetrators. The incidence was 3 events per million households and year. Firearms were the most prominent method for both homicides and suicides. The risk of perpetrating homicide-suicide was higher in divorced than in married men (HR 3.64; 95%CI 1.56-8.49), in foreigners without permanent residency compared to Swiss citizens (HR 3.95; 1.52-10.2), higher in men without religious affiliations than in Catholics (HR 2.23; 1.14-4.36) and higher in crowded households (HR 4.85; 1.72-13.6 comparing ≥2 with <1 persons/room). There was no association with education, occupation or nationality, the number of children, the language region or degree of urbanicity. Associations were similar for female victims.
This national longitudinal study shows that living conditions associated with psychological stress and lower levels of social support are associated with homicide-suicide events in Switzerland.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053714</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23326491</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catastrophic events ; Child ; Children ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence intervals ; Correlation analysis ; Criminology ; Death ; Demographic variables ; Demographics ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Firearms ; Hazards ; Health aspects ; Homicide ; Homicide - statistics & numerical data ; Households ; Humans ; Identification methods ; Incidence ; Living conditions ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Murder ; Personal communication ; Preventive medicine ; Psychological stress ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Small arms ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Social interactions ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; Stress (Psychology) ; Studies ; Suicide ; Suicide - statistics & numerical data ; Suicides & suicide attempts ; Switzerland - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53714-e53714</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Panczak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Panczak et al 2013 Panczak et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-80163166d91c755d0a0cbd58f23de96aae1c60044794bce103ad2c4f3f5df31e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-80163166d91c755d0a0cbd58f23de96aae1c60044794bce103ad2c4f3f5df31e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3541189/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3541189/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Smith Fawzi, Mary C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Panczak, Radoslaw</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwahlen, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spoerri, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tal, Kali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Killias, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egger, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swiss National Cohort</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the Swiss National Cohort</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence and risk factors of homicide-suicide in Swiss households: National Cohort study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Homicide-suicides are rare but catastrophic events. This study examined the epidemiology of homicide-suicide in Switzerland.
The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis examined the association of the risk of dying in a homicide-suicide event with socio-demographic variables, measured at the individual-level, household composition variables and area-level variables. Proportional hazards regression models were calculated for male perpetrators and female victims. Results are presented as age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
The study identified 158 deaths from homicide-suicide events, including 85 murder victims (62 women, 4 men, 19 children and adolescents) and 68 male and 5 female perpetrators. The incidence was 3 events per million households and year. Firearms were the most prominent method for both homicides and suicides. The risk of perpetrating homicide-suicide was higher in divorced than in married men (HR 3.64; 95%CI 1.56-8.49), in foreigners without permanent residency compared to Swiss citizens (HR 3.95; 1.52-10.2), higher in men without religious affiliations than in Catholics (HR 2.23; 1.14-4.36) and higher in crowded households (HR 4.85; 1.72-13.6 comparing ≥2 with <1 persons/room). There was no association with education, occupation or nationality, the number of children, the language region or degree of urbanicity. Associations were similar for female victims.
This national longitudinal study shows that living conditions associated with psychological stress and lower levels of social support are associated with homicide-suicide events in Switzerland.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Catastrophic events</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Criminology</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Demographic variables</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Family Characteristics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Firearms</subject><subject>Hazards</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homicide</subject><subject>Homicide - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification methods</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Living conditions</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Murder</subject><subject>Personal communication</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Psychological stress</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Small arms</subject><subject>Social and Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Social interactions</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Suicide</subject><subject>Suicide - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Panczak, Radoslaw</au><au>Zwahlen, Marcel</au><au>Spoerri, Adrian</au><au>Tal, Kali</au><au>Killias, Martin</au><au>Egger, Matthias</au><au>Smith Fawzi, Mary C.</au><aucorp>Swiss National Cohort</aucorp><aucorp>for the Swiss National Cohort</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incidence and risk factors of homicide-suicide in Swiss households: National Cohort study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-01-09</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e53714</spage><epage>e53714</epage><pages>e53714-e53714</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Homicide-suicides are rare but catastrophic events. This study examined the epidemiology of homicide-suicide in Switzerland.
The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis examined the association of the risk of dying in a homicide-suicide event with socio-demographic variables, measured at the individual-level, household composition variables and area-level variables. Proportional hazards regression models were calculated for male perpetrators and female victims. Results are presented as age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
The study identified 158 deaths from homicide-suicide events, including 85 murder victims (62 women, 4 men, 19 children and adolescents) and 68 male and 5 female perpetrators. The incidence was 3 events per million households and year. Firearms were the most prominent method for both homicides and suicides. The risk of perpetrating homicide-suicide was higher in divorced than in married men (HR 3.64; 95%CI 1.56-8.49), in foreigners without permanent residency compared to Swiss citizens (HR 3.95; 1.52-10.2), higher in men without religious affiliations than in Catholics (HR 2.23; 1.14-4.36) and higher in crowded households (HR 4.85; 1.72-13.6 comparing ≥2 with <1 persons/room). There was no association with education, occupation or nationality, the number of children, the language region or degree of urbanicity. Associations were similar for female victims.
This national longitudinal study shows that living conditions associated with psychological stress and lower levels of social support are associated with homicide-suicide events in Switzerland.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23326491</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0053714</doi><tpages>e53714</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53714-e53714 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1289875556 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged, 80 and over Catastrophic events Child Children Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Confidence intervals Correlation analysis Criminology Death Demographic variables Demographics Epidemiology Family Characteristics Female Firearms Hazards Health aspects Homicide Homicide - statistics & numerical data Households Humans Identification methods Incidence Living conditions Male Medical research Medicine Men Middle Aged Mortality Murder Personal communication Preventive medicine Psychological stress Regression analysis Regression models Risk analysis Risk Factors Small arms Social and Behavioral Sciences Social interactions Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Stress (Psychology) Studies Suicide Suicide - statistics & numerical data Suicides & suicide attempts Switzerland - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Incidence and risk factors of homicide-suicide in Swiss households: National Cohort study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T18%3A33%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Incidence%20and%20risk%20factors%20of%20homicide-suicide%20in%20Swiss%20households:%20National%20Cohort%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Panczak,%20Radoslaw&rft.aucorp=Swiss%20National%20Cohort&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e53714&rft.epage=e53714&rft.pages=e53714-e53714&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053714&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478358202%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1289875556&rft_id=info:pmid/23326491&rft_galeid=A478358202&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b54ed1d99e47436eb1e17a045457e8a1&rfr_iscdi=true |