Distribution of an Invasive Aquatic Pathogen (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) in the Great Lakes and Its Relationship to Shipping
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great L...
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| creator | Bain, Mark B Cornwell, Emily R Hope, Kristine M Eckerlin, Geofrey E Casey, Rufina N Groocock, Geoffrey H Getchell, Rodman G Bowser, Paul R Winton, James R Batts, William N Cangelosi, Allegra Casey, James W |
| description | Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell culture assays. Of 1,221 fish of 17 species, 55 were VHSV positive with highly varied qRT-PCR titers (1 to 5,950,000 N gene copies). The detections of VHSV in fish and water samples were closely associated and the virus was detected in 21 of 30 sites sampled. The occurrence of VHSV was not related to type of site or shipping related invasion hotspots. Our results indicate that VHSV is widely dispersed in the Great Lakes and is both an enzootic and epizootic pathogen. We demonstrate that pathogen distribution information could be developed quickly and is clearly needed for aquatic ecosystem conservation, management of affected populations, and informed regulation of the worldwide trade of aquatic organisms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0010156 |
| format | Article |
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It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell culture assays. Of 1,221 fish of 17 species, 55 were VHSV positive with highly varied qRT-PCR titers (1 to 5,950,000 N gene copies). The detections of VHSV in fish and water samples were closely associated and the virus was detected in 21 of 30 sites sampled. The occurrence of VHSV was not related to type of site or shipping related invasion hotspots. Our results indicate that VHSV is widely dispersed in the Great Lakes and is both an enzootic and epizootic pathogen. We demonstrate that pathogen distribution information could be developed quickly and is clearly needed for aquatic ecosystem conservation, management of affected populations, and informed regulation of the worldwide trade of aquatic organisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010156</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20405014</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Aplodinotus grunniens ; Aquatic animals ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic organisms ; Biodiversity hot spots ; Boating ; Cell culture ; Classification ; Conservation ; Disease transmission ; Dispersion ; Ecology/Ecosystem Ecology ; Ecology/Marine and Freshwater Ecology ; Ecosystem management ; Ecosystems ; Environmental protection ; Esox masquinongy ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Fishes - virology ; Fresh water ; Freshwaters ; Geology ; Government agencies ; Great Lakes Region ; Harbors ; Hemorrhagic septicemia ; Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunology ; Lakes ; Microbiology/Environmental Microbiology ; Mortality ; N gene ; Native species ; Natural resources ; Neogobius melanostomus ; Nonnative species ; Northern Hemisphere ; Novirhabdovirus - isolation & purification ; Oceans ; Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Pathogens ; Perca flavescens ; Phylogenetics ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prevalence ; Recreational facilities ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse transcription ; Rhabdoviridae ; Sepsis ; Septicemia ; Shellfish ; Shipping ; Ships ; Shoreline protection ; Shorelines ; Studies ; Trends ; Veterinary colleges ; Veterinary medicine ; Viral infections ; Virology/Emerging Viral Diseases ; Virology/Persistence and Latency ; Viruses ; Water analysis ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2010-04, Vol.5 (4), p.e10156-e10156</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2010 Bain et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Bain et al. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c616t-d85a05372a58ce4221cc5aaf777f642b499ab0f86feb9cb8f390b1c643c62483</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2854150/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2854150/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20405014$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bain, Mark B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornwell, Emily R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hope, Kristine M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckerlin, Geofrey E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, Rufina N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groocock, Geoffrey H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Getchell, Rodman G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowser, Paul R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winton, James R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batts, William N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cangelosi, Allegra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, James W</creatorcontrib><title>Distribution of an Invasive Aquatic Pathogen (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) in the Great Lakes and Its Relationship to Shipping</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell culture assays. Of 1,221 fish of 17 species, 55 were VHSV positive with highly varied qRT-PCR titers (1 to 5,950,000 N gene copies). The detections of VHSV in fish and water samples were closely associated and the virus was detected in 21 of 30 sites sampled. The occurrence of VHSV was not related to type of site or shipping related invasion hotspots. Our results indicate that VHSV is widely dispersed in the Great Lakes and is both an enzootic and epizootic pathogen. We demonstrate that pathogen distribution information could be developed quickly and is clearly needed for aquatic ecosystem conservation, management of affected populations, and informed regulation of the worldwide trade of aquatic organisms.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aplodinotus grunniens</subject><subject>Aquatic animals</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Aquatic organisms</subject><subject>Biodiversity hot spots</subject><subject>Boating</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Dispersion</subject><subject>Ecology/Ecosystem Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology/Marine and Freshwater Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem management</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Esox masquinongy</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Fishes - virology</subject><subject>Fresh water</subject><subject>Freshwaters</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Government agencies</subject><subject>Great Lakes Region</subject><subject>Harbors</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic septicemia</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Microbiology/Environmental Microbiology</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>N gene</subject><subject>Native species</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Neogobius melanostomus</subject><subject>Nonnative species</subject><subject>Northern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Novirhabdovirus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus kisutch</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus mykiss</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Perca flavescens</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Recreational facilities</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Reverse transcription</subject><subject>Rhabdoviridae</subject><subject>Sepsis</subject><subject>Septicemia</subject><subject>Shellfish</subject><subject>Shipping</subject><subject>Ships</subject><subject>Shoreline protection</subject><subject>Shorelines</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Veterinary colleges</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Virology/Emerging Viral Diseases</subject><subject>Virology/Persistence and Latency</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water 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One</addtitle><date>2010-04-13</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e10156</spage><epage>e10156</epage><pages>e10156-e10156</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell culture assays. Of 1,221 fish of 17 species, 55 were VHSV positive with highly varied qRT-PCR titers (1 to 5,950,000 N gene copies). The detections of VHSV in fish and water samples were closely associated and the virus was detected in 21 of 30 sites sampled. The occurrence of VHSV was not related to type of site or shipping related invasion hotspots. Our results indicate that VHSV is widely dispersed in the Great Lakes and is both an enzootic and epizootic pathogen. We demonstrate that pathogen distribution information could be developed quickly and is clearly needed for aquatic ecosystem conservation, management of affected populations, and informed regulation of the worldwide trade of aquatic organisms.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>20405014</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0010156</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2010-04, Vol.5 (4), p.e10156-e10156 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1289448353 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Aplodinotus grunniens Aquatic animals Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic organisms Biodiversity hot spots Boating Cell culture Classification Conservation Disease transmission Dispersion Ecology/Ecosystem Ecology Ecology/Marine and Freshwater Ecology Ecosystem management Ecosystems Environmental protection Esox masquinongy Fish Fisheries Fishes - virology Fresh water Freshwaters Geology Government agencies Great Lakes Region Harbors Hemorrhagic septicemia Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - epidemiology Humans Immunology Lakes Microbiology/Environmental Microbiology Mortality N gene Native species Natural resources Neogobius melanostomus Nonnative species Northern Hemisphere Novirhabdovirus - isolation & purification Oceans Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus mykiss Pathogens Perca flavescens Phylogenetics Polymerase chain reaction Prevalence Recreational facilities Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse transcription Rhabdoviridae Sepsis Septicemia Shellfish Shipping Ships Shoreline protection Shorelines Studies Trends Veterinary colleges Veterinary medicine Viral infections Virology/Emerging Viral Diseases Virology/Persistence and Latency Viruses Water analysis Water sampling |
| title | Distribution of an Invasive Aquatic Pathogen (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) in the Great Lakes and Its Relationship to Shipping |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T07%3A12%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Distribution%20of%20an%20Invasive%20Aquatic%20Pathogen%20(Viral%20Hemorrhagic%20Septicemia%20Virus)%20in%20the%20Great%20Lakes%20and%20Its%20Relationship%20to%20Shipping&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Bain,%20Mark%20B&rft.date=2010-04-13&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e10156&rft.epage=e10156&rft.pages=e10156-e10156&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010156&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA473897843%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1289448353&rft_id=info:pmid/20405014&rft_galeid=A473897843&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_4bda1246904648aab77904a961576b67&rfr_iscdi=true |