Long-term imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans using nanoparticle-mediated immobilization
One advantage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism is its suitability for in vivo optical microscopy. Imaging C. elegans often requires animals to be immobilized to avoid movement-related artifacts. Immobilization has been performed by application of anesthetics or by introduci...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53419 |
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| description | One advantage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism is its suitability for in vivo optical microscopy. Imaging C. elegans often requires animals to be immobilized to avoid movement-related artifacts. Immobilization has been performed by application of anesthetics or by introducing physical constraints using glue or specialized microfluidic devices. Here we present a method for immobilizing C. elegans using polystyrene nanoparticles and agarose pads. Our technique is technically simple, does not expose the worm to toxic substances, and allows recovery of animals. We evaluate the method and show that the polystyrene beads increase friction between the worm and agarose pad. We use our method to quantify calcium transients and long-term regrowth in single neurons following axotomy by a femtosecond laser. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0053419 |
| format | Article |
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Imaging C. elegans often requires animals to be immobilized to avoid movement-related artifacts. Immobilization has been performed by application of anesthetics or by introducing physical constraints using glue or specialized microfluidic devices. Here we present a method for immobilizing C. elegans using polystyrene nanoparticles and agarose pads. Our technique is technically simple, does not expose the worm to toxic substances, and allows recovery of animals. We evaluate the method and show that the polystyrene beads increase friction between the worm and agarose pad. We use our method to quantify calcium transients and long-term regrowth in single neurons following axotomy by a femtosecond laser.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053419</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23301069</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Anesthetics ; Animals ; Automation ; Axotomy ; Axotomy - instrumentation ; Axotomy - methods ; Beads ; Biocompatibility ; Bioengineering ; Biology ; Biophysics ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism ; Calcium ; Calcium Signaling ; Femtosecond ; Femtosecond lasers ; Immobilization ; Immobilization - instrumentation ; Immobilization - methods ; Light microscopy ; Materials Science ; Medical research ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Microfluidics ; Microscopy ; Microscopy - methods ; Movement ; Nanoparticles ; Nanoparticles - chemistry ; Nanotechnology - methods ; Nematodes ; Neurons ; Neurons - metabolism ; Optical microscopy ; Optics ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Polystyrene ; Polystyrene resins ; Polystyrenes - chemistry ; Regrowth ; Roundworms ; Sepharose - chemistry ; Studies ; Toxic substances ; Worms</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2013-01, Vol.8 (1), p.e53419</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2013 Kim et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2013 Kim et al 2013 Kim et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-8a0dc113381cf027c7509abb98b34e01b271eeeb2b59ae07a37c21c16aa464123</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-8a0dc113381cf027c7509abb98b34e01b271eeeb2b59ae07a37c21c16aa464123</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536676/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536676/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301069$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabel, Christopher V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang-Yen, Christopher</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans using nanoparticle-mediated immobilization</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>One advantage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism is its suitability for in vivo optical microscopy. Imaging C. elegans often requires animals to be immobilized to avoid movement-related artifacts. Immobilization has been performed by application of anesthetics or by introducing physical constraints using glue or specialized microfluidic devices. Here we present a method for immobilizing C. elegans using polystyrene nanoparticles and agarose pads. Our technique is technically simple, does not expose the worm to toxic substances, and allows recovery of animals. We evaluate the method and show that the polystyrene beads increase friction between the worm and agarose pad. We use our method to quantify calcium transients and long-term regrowth in single neurons following axotomy by a femtosecond laser.</description><subject>Anesthetics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Axotomy</subject><subject>Axotomy - instrumentation</subject><subject>Axotomy - methods</subject><subject>Beads</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium Signaling</subject><subject>Femtosecond</subject><subject>Femtosecond lasers</subject><subject>Immobilization</subject><subject>Immobilization - instrumentation</subject><subject>Immobilization - methods</subject><subject>Light microscopy</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Microfluidic Analytical Techniques</subject><subject>Microfluidics</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Microscopy - methods</subject><subject>Movement</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>Nanotechnology - methods</subject><subject>Nematodes</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurons - metabolism</subject><subject>Optical microscopy</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Polystyrene</subject><subject>Polystyrene resins</subject><subject>Polystyrenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Regrowth</subject><subject>Roundworms</subject><subject>Sepharose - chemistry</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Toxic substances</subject><subject>Worms</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QHBMGLjvnoJO3NwjL4MTCw4MfehpP0tJOlTcakFfXXm3G6yxQUJBcJJ8_7JufwZtlzSpaUS_r21o_BQbfce4dLQla8oNWD7JxWnOWCEf7w5HyWPYnx9gCVQjzOzhjnhBJRnWc3W-_afMDQL2wPrXXtwjeLNaDzYQe6toONC-ywBRcXYzzcO3B-D2GwpsO8x9rCgHVS917bzv6CwXr3NHvUQBfx2bRfZF_fv_uy_phvrz9s1lfb3MhVOeQlkNpQynlJTUOYTFVSgdZVqXmBhGomKSJqplcVIJHApWHUUAFQiIIyfpG9PPruOx_VNJKoKCsrIkRqMxGbI1F7uFX7kLoMP5UHq_4UfGjV1IuqVgBYC1kjaQomsWSm1Jqw2gjKC1Elr8vptVGnxg26IUA3M53fOLtTrf-u-IoLIUUyeDUZBP9txDj848sT1UL6lXWNT2amt9Goq0KWBa9EJRO1_AuVVo29NSkUjU31meDNTJCYAX8MLYwxqs3nT__PXt_M2dcn7A6hG3bRd-MhB3EOFkfQBB9jwOZ-cpSoQ6bvpqEOmVZTppPsxenU70V3Iea_AT1K8oQ</recordid><startdate>20130103</startdate><enddate>20130103</enddate><creator>Kim, Eric</creator><creator>Sun, Lin</creator><creator>Gabel, Christopher V</creator><creator>Fang-Yen, Christopher</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130103</creationdate><title>Long-term imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans using nanoparticle-mediated immobilization</title><author>Kim, Eric ; Sun, Lin ; Gabel, Christopher V ; Fang-Yen, Christopher</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-8a0dc113381cf027c7509abb98b34e01b271eeeb2b59ae07a37c21c16aa464123</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Anesthetics</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Axotomy</topic><topic>Axotomy - 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Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Eric</au><au>Sun, Lin</au><au>Gabel, Christopher V</au><au>Fang-Yen, Christopher</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans using nanoparticle-mediated immobilization</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2013-01-03</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e53419</spage><pages>e53419-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>One advantage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism is its suitability for in vivo optical microscopy. Imaging C. elegans often requires animals to be immobilized to avoid movement-related artifacts. Immobilization has been performed by application of anesthetics or by introducing physical constraints using glue or specialized microfluidic devices. Here we present a method for immobilizing C. elegans using polystyrene nanoparticles and agarose pads. Our technique is technically simple, does not expose the worm to toxic substances, and allows recovery of animals. We evaluate the method and show that the polystyrene beads increase friction between the worm and agarose pad. We use our method to quantify calcium transients and long-term regrowth in single neurons following axotomy by a femtosecond laser.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23301069</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0053419</doi><tpages>e53419</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anesthetics Animals Automation Axotomy Axotomy - instrumentation Axotomy - methods Beads Biocompatibility Bioengineering Biology Biophysics Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism Calcium Calcium Signaling Femtosecond Femtosecond lasers Immobilization Immobilization - instrumentation Immobilization - methods Light microscopy Materials Science Medical research Microfluidic Analytical Techniques Microfluidics Microscopy Microscopy - methods Movement Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - chemistry Nanotechnology - methods Nematodes Neurons Neurons - metabolism Optical microscopy Optics Physiological aspects Physiology Polystyrene Polystyrene resins Polystyrenes - chemistry Regrowth Roundworms Sepharose - chemistry Studies Toxic substances Worms |
| title | Long-term imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans using nanoparticle-mediated immobilization |
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