Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America
Dogs are the predominant domestic reservoir for human L. infantum infection. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an emerging problem in some U.S. dog breeds, with an annual quantitative PCR prevalence of greater than 20% within an at-risk Foxhound population. Although classically Leishmania is...
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| creator | Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole Metz, Kyle Gallup, Jack Michael Hostetter, Jesse Michael Mullin, Kathleen Petersen, Christine Anne |
| description | Dogs are the predominant domestic reservoir for human L. infantum infection. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an emerging problem in some U.S. dog breeds, with an annual quantitative PCR prevalence of greater than 20% within an at-risk Foxhound population. Although classically Leishmania is transmitted by infected sand flies and phlebotomine sand flies exist in the United States, means of ongoing L. infantum transmission in U.S. dogs is currently unknown. Possibilities include vertical (transplacental/transmammary) and horizontal/venereal transmission. Several reports have indicated that endemic ZVL may be transmitted vertically.
Our aims for this present study were to establish whether vertical/transplacental transmission was occurring in this population of Leishmania-infected US dogs and determine the effect that this means of transmission has on immune recognition of Leishmania.
A pregnant L. infantum-infected dam donated to Iowa State University gave birth in-house to 12 pups. Eight pups humanely euthanized at the time of birth and four pups and the dam humanely euthanized three months post-partum were studied via L. infantum-kinetoplast specific quantitative PCR (kqPCR), gross and histopathological assessment and CD4+ T cell proliferation assay.
This novel report describes disseminated L. infantum parasites as identified by kqPCR in 8 day old pups born to a naturally-infected, seropositive U.S. dog with no travel history. This is the first report of vertical transmission of L. infantum in naturally-infected dogs in North America, emphasizing that this novel means of transmission could possibly sustain infection within populations.
Evidence that vertical transmission of ZVL may be a driving force for ongoing disease in an otherwise non-endemic region has significant implications on current control strategies for ZVL, as at present parasite elimination efforts in endemic areas are largely focused on vector-borne transmission between canines and people. Determining frequency of vertical transmission and incorporating canine sterilization with vector control may have a more significant impact on ZVL transmission to people in endemic areas than current control efforts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1288111229</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A257765219</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_87b29bc1e89d41ae83efcf3265515689</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A257765219</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-3895756476b96034cb919c5f87da498cecb78c85c22c2894980dc8ecea60f2cf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkk2P0zAQhiMEYpfCP0BgCQlOLbYTJ_YFqVrxsVIFl-VsTZxJ4yqxi50g8e9xaHbVopUPccbPvGO_M1n2mtENyyv28eCn4KDfHN3YbCiljDL1JLtmKhdrXuXi6dn-KnsR44FSoYRkz7MrzkTOq4JdZ-4ugIvHHgy6EXoyzr-DjdF6R3xLdmhjN4CzQKxrwY3TQCASIAMmkLQ-EOPdaN2EDWlsRIiYSGMbdGbeke8-jB3ZDhisgZfZsxb6iK-W7yr7-eXz3c239e7H19ub7W5tSp6P61wqUYmyqMpalTQvTK2YMqKVVQOFkgZNXUkjheHccKlSiDZGokEoactNm6-ytyfdY--jXqyKmnEpGWOcq0TcnojGw0Efgx0g_NEerP4X8GGvIYzW9KhlVXNVG4ZSNQUDlDm2qQYvhWCilLPWp6XaVA_YzFYG6C9EL0-c7fTe_9Y5rQRPDVplHxaB4H9NGEedWmCw78Ghn6KWyQqZHsoT-e4_8vHHLdQe0v1T43wqa2ZNveWiqkrB2UxtHqHSanCwqavY2hS_SHh_ltAh9GMXfT-NaVjiJVicQBN8jAHbBy8Y1fP03t9az9Orl-lNaW_OfXxIuh_X_C8My-yF</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1288111229</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PMC (PubMed Central)</source><source>Public Library of Science</source><source>Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes ; Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole ; Metz, Kyle ; Gallup, Jack Michael ; Hostetter, Jesse Michael ; Mullin, Kathleen ; Petersen, Christine Anne</creator><contributor>Boelaert, Marleen</contributor><creatorcontrib>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes ; Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole ; Metz, Kyle ; Gallup, Jack Michael ; Hostetter, Jesse Michael ; Mullin, Kathleen ; Petersen, Christine Anne ; Boelaert, Marleen</creatorcontrib><description>Dogs are the predominant domestic reservoir for human L. infantum infection. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an emerging problem in some U.S. dog breeds, with an annual quantitative PCR prevalence of greater than 20% within an at-risk Foxhound population. Although classically Leishmania is transmitted by infected sand flies and phlebotomine sand flies exist in the United States, means of ongoing L. infantum transmission in U.S. dogs is currently unknown. Possibilities include vertical (transplacental/transmammary) and horizontal/venereal transmission. Several reports have indicated that endemic ZVL may be transmitted vertically.
Our aims for this present study were to establish whether vertical/transplacental transmission was occurring in this population of Leishmania-infected US dogs and determine the effect that this means of transmission has on immune recognition of Leishmania.
A pregnant L. infantum-infected dam donated to Iowa State University gave birth in-house to 12 pups. Eight pups humanely euthanized at the time of birth and four pups and the dam humanely euthanized three months post-partum were studied via L. infantum-kinetoplast specific quantitative PCR (kqPCR), gross and histopathological assessment and CD4+ T cell proliferation assay.
This novel report describes disseminated L. infantum parasites as identified by kqPCR in 8 day old pups born to a naturally-infected, seropositive U.S. dog with no travel history. This is the first report of vertical transmission of L. infantum in naturally-infected dogs in North America, emphasizing that this novel means of transmission could possibly sustain infection within populations.
Evidence that vertical transmission of ZVL may be a driving force for ongoing disease in an otherwise non-endemic region has significant implications on current control strategies for ZVL, as at present parasite elimination efforts in endemic areas are largely focused on vector-borne transmission between canines and people. Determining frequency of vertical transmission and incorporating canine sterilization with vector control may have a more significant impact on ZVL transmission to people in endemic areas than current control efforts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21532741</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Causes of ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Control ; Dams ; Disease transmission ; Distribution ; DNA, Protozoan - genetics ; DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification ; Dog Diseases - epidemiology ; Dog Diseases - transmission ; Dogs ; Drug therapy ; Female ; Health aspects ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Kala-azar ; Leishmania infantum - genetics ; Leishmania infantum - immunology ; Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - transmission ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary ; Medicine ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary ; Protozoa ; Sterilization ; T cells ; Tropical diseases ; United States - epidemiology ; Vector-borne diseases ; Veterinary Science</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011-04, Vol.5 (4), p.e1019-e1019</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Boggiatto et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Boggiatto PM, Gibson-Corley KN, Metz K, Gallup JM, Hostetter JM, et al. (2011) Transplacental Transmission of Leishmania infantum as a Means for Continued Disease Incidence in North America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(4): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019</rights><rights>Boggiatto et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-3895756476b96034cb919c5f87da498cecb78c85c22c2894980dc8ecea60f2cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-3895756476b96034cb919c5f87da498cecb78c85c22c2894980dc8ecea60f2cf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075227/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075227/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532741$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Boelaert, Marleen</contributor><creatorcontrib>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metz, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallup, Jack Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hostetter, Jesse Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mullin, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Christine Anne</creatorcontrib><title>Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>Dogs are the predominant domestic reservoir for human L. infantum infection. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an emerging problem in some U.S. dog breeds, with an annual quantitative PCR prevalence of greater than 20% within an at-risk Foxhound population. Although classically Leishmania is transmitted by infected sand flies and phlebotomine sand flies exist in the United States, means of ongoing L. infantum transmission in U.S. dogs is currently unknown. Possibilities include vertical (transplacental/transmammary) and horizontal/venereal transmission. Several reports have indicated that endemic ZVL may be transmitted vertically.
Our aims for this present study were to establish whether vertical/transplacental transmission was occurring in this population of Leishmania-infected US dogs and determine the effect that this means of transmission has on immune recognition of Leishmania.
A pregnant L. infantum-infected dam donated to Iowa State University gave birth in-house to 12 pups. Eight pups humanely euthanized at the time of birth and four pups and the dam humanely euthanized three months post-partum were studied via L. infantum-kinetoplast specific quantitative PCR (kqPCR), gross and histopathological assessment and CD4+ T cell proliferation assay.
This novel report describes disseminated L. infantum parasites as identified by kqPCR in 8 day old pups born to a naturally-infected, seropositive U.S. dog with no travel history. This is the first report of vertical transmission of L. infantum in naturally-infected dogs in North America, emphasizing that this novel means of transmission could possibly sustain infection within populations.
Evidence that vertical transmission of ZVL may be a driving force for ongoing disease in an otherwise non-endemic region has significant implications on current control strategies for ZVL, as at present parasite elimination efforts in endemic areas are largely focused on vector-borne transmission between canines and people. Determining frequency of vertical transmission and incorporating canine sterilization with vector control may have a more significant impact on ZVL transmission to people in endemic areas than current control efforts.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Dams</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - transmission</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</subject><subject>Kala-azar</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum - immunology</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - transmission</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Sterilization</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Veterinary Science</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk2P0zAQhiMEYpfCP0BgCQlOLbYTJ_YFqVrxsVIFl-VsTZxJ4yqxi50g8e9xaHbVopUPccbPvGO_M1n2mtENyyv28eCn4KDfHN3YbCiljDL1JLtmKhdrXuXi6dn-KnsR44FSoYRkz7MrzkTOq4JdZ-4ugIvHHgy6EXoyzr-DjdF6R3xLdmhjN4CzQKxrwY3TQCASIAMmkLQ-EOPdaN2EDWlsRIiYSGMbdGbeke8-jB3ZDhisgZfZsxb6iK-W7yr7-eXz3c239e7H19ub7W5tSp6P61wqUYmyqMpalTQvTK2YMqKVVQOFkgZNXUkjheHccKlSiDZGokEoactNm6-ytyfdY--jXqyKmnEpGWOcq0TcnojGw0Efgx0g_NEerP4X8GGvIYzW9KhlVXNVG4ZSNQUDlDm2qQYvhWCilLPWp6XaVA_YzFYG6C9EL0-c7fTe_9Y5rQRPDVplHxaB4H9NGEedWmCw78Ghn6KWyQqZHsoT-e4_8vHHLdQe0v1T43wqa2ZNveWiqkrB2UxtHqHSanCwqavY2hS_SHh_ltAh9GMXfT-NaVjiJVicQBN8jAHbBy8Y1fP03t9az9Orl-lNaW_OfXxIuh_X_C8My-yF</recordid><startdate>20110401</startdate><enddate>20110401</enddate><creator>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes</creator><creator>Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole</creator><creator>Metz, Kyle</creator><creator>Gallup, Jack Michael</creator><creator>Hostetter, Jesse Michael</creator><creator>Mullin, Kathleen</creator><creator>Petersen, Christine Anne</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110401</creationdate><title>Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America</title><author>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes ; Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole ; Metz, Kyle ; Gallup, Jack Michael ; Hostetter, Jesse Michael ; Mullin, Kathleen ; Petersen, Christine Anne</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-3895756476b96034cb919c5f87da498cecb78c85c22c2894980dc8ecea60f2cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Causes of</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Dams</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - transmission</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</topic><topic>Kala-azar</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum - immunology</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - transmission</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Sterilization</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><topic>Veterinary Science</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metz, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallup, Jack Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hostetter, Jesse Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mullin, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Christine Anne</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Boggiatto, Paola Mercedes</au><au>Gibson-Corley, Katherine Nicole</au><au>Metz, Kyle</au><au>Gallup, Jack Michael</au><au>Hostetter, Jesse Michael</au><au>Mullin, Kathleen</au><au>Petersen, Christine Anne</au><au>Boelaert, Marleen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2011-04-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e1019</spage><epage>e1019</epage><pages>e1019-e1019</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>Dogs are the predominant domestic reservoir for human L. infantum infection. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is an emerging problem in some U.S. dog breeds, with an annual quantitative PCR prevalence of greater than 20% within an at-risk Foxhound population. Although classically Leishmania is transmitted by infected sand flies and phlebotomine sand flies exist in the United States, means of ongoing L. infantum transmission in U.S. dogs is currently unknown. Possibilities include vertical (transplacental/transmammary) and horizontal/venereal transmission. Several reports have indicated that endemic ZVL may be transmitted vertically.
Our aims for this present study were to establish whether vertical/transplacental transmission was occurring in this population of Leishmania-infected US dogs and determine the effect that this means of transmission has on immune recognition of Leishmania.
A pregnant L. infantum-infected dam donated to Iowa State University gave birth in-house to 12 pups. Eight pups humanely euthanized at the time of birth and four pups and the dam humanely euthanized three months post-partum were studied via L. infantum-kinetoplast specific quantitative PCR (kqPCR), gross and histopathological assessment and CD4+ T cell proliferation assay.
This novel report describes disseminated L. infantum parasites as identified by kqPCR in 8 day old pups born to a naturally-infected, seropositive U.S. dog with no travel history. This is the first report of vertical transmission of L. infantum in naturally-infected dogs in North America, emphasizing that this novel means of transmission could possibly sustain infection within populations.
Evidence that vertical transmission of ZVL may be a driving force for ongoing disease in an otherwise non-endemic region has significant implications on current control strategies for ZVL, as at present parasite elimination efforts in endemic areas are largely focused on vector-borne transmission between canines and people. Determining frequency of vertical transmission and incorporating canine sterilization with vector control may have a more significant impact on ZVL transmission to people in endemic areas than current control efforts.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21532741</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1935-2735 |
| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011-04, Vol.5 (4), p.e1019-e1019 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1288111229 |
| source | MEDLINE; PMC (PubMed Central); Public Library of Science; Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB Electronic Journals Library; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Animals Causes of CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Cell Proliferation Control Dams Disease transmission Distribution DNA, Protozoan - genetics DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification Dog Diseases - epidemiology Dog Diseases - transmission Dogs Drug therapy Female Health aspects Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Kala-azar Leishmania infantum - genetics Leishmania infantum - immunology Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology Leishmaniasis, Visceral - transmission Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary Medicine Parasites Parasitic diseases Polymerase Chain Reaction Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary Protozoa Sterilization T cells Tropical diseases United States - epidemiology Vector-borne diseases Veterinary Science |
| title | Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-22T17%3A00%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transplacental%20transmission%20of%20Leishmania%20infantum%20as%20a%20means%20for%20continued%20disease%20incidence%20in%20North%20America&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Boggiatto,%20Paola%20Mercedes&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e1019&rft.epage=e1019&rft.pages=e1019-e1019&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA257765219%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1288111229&rft_id=info:pmid/21532741&rft_galeid=A257765219&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_87b29bc1e89d41ae83efcf3265515689&rfr_iscdi=true |