Tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: hope or hindrance for tsetse control?
MANY SPECIES OF TSETSE FLIES (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates...
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| description | MANY SPECIES OF TSETSE FLIES (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. The successful eradication of a Glossina austeni population from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using an area-wide integrated pest management approach with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component (1994-1997) encouraged several African countries, including Ethiopia, to incorporate the SIT in their national tsetse control programs. A large facility to produce tsetse flies for SIT application in Ethiopia was inaugurated in 2007. To support this project, a Glossina pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia was successfully established in 1996, but later up to 85% of adult flies displayed symptoms of SGH. As a result, the colony declined and became extinct by 2002. The difficulties experienced with the rearing of G. pallidipes, epitomized by the collapse of the G. pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia, prompted the urgent need to develop management strategies for the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) for this species. As a first step to identify suitable management strategies, the virus isolated from G. pallidipes (GpSGHV) was recently sequenced and research was initiated on virus transmission and pathology. Different approaches to prevent virus replication and its horizontal transmission during blood feeding have been proposed. These include the use of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and valacyclovir added to the blood for feeding or the use of antibodies against SGHV virion proteins. In addition, preliminary attempts to silence the expression of an essential viral protein using RNA interference will be discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220 |
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The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. The successful eradication of a Glossina austeni population from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using an area-wide integrated pest management approach with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component (1994-1997) encouraged several African countries, including Ethiopia, to incorporate the SIT in their national tsetse control programs. A large facility to produce tsetse flies for SIT application in Ethiopia was inaugurated in 2007. To support this project, a Glossina pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia was successfully established in 1996, but later up to 85% of adult flies displayed symptoms of SGH. As a result, the colony declined and became extinct by 2002. The difficulties experienced with the rearing of G. pallidipes, epitomized by the collapse of the G. pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia, prompted the urgent need to develop management strategies for the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) for this species. As a first step to identify suitable management strategies, the virus isolated from G. pallidipes (GpSGHV) was recently sequenced and research was initiated on virus transmission and pathology. Different approaches to prevent virus replication and its horizontal transmission during blood feeding have been proposed. These include the use of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and valacyclovir added to the blood for feeding or the use of antibodies against SGHV virion proteins. In addition, preliminary attempts to silence the expression of an essential viral protein using RNA interference will be discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21912708</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acyclovir ; Agricultural practices ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Biology ; Blood ; Colonies & territories ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA Viruses - genetics ; DNA Viruses - isolation & purification ; DNA Viruses - pathogenicity ; Endangered & extinct species ; Ethiopia ; Fecundity ; Females ; Fertility ; Genes ; Genomes ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy - pathology ; Hypertrophy - virology ; Infections ; Insect Control - methods ; Insects ; Integrated pest management ; Parasites ; Pest control ; Pest Control, Biological - methods ; Review ; Risk factors ; Rural development ; Salivary Glands - pathology ; Salivary Glands - virology ; Technological change ; Tropical diseases ; Tsetse Flies - physiology ; Tsetse Flies - virology ; Veterinary Science ; Viral antibodies</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011-08, Vol.5 (8), p.e1220</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Abd-Alla et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Abd-Alla AMM, Parker AG, Vreysen MJB, Bergoin M (2011) Tsetse Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus: Hope or Hindrance for Tsetse Control? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(8): e1220. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220</rights><rights>Abd-Alla et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-da8a343d148db6195936dbd5f82fe298bc126e7fc46e3bd98e37f53f9fedbcb83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-da8a343d148db6195936dbd5f82fe298bc126e7fc46e3bd98e37f53f9fedbcb83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166039/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166039/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912708$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Masiga, Daniel</contributor><creatorcontrib>Abd-Alla, Adly M M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parker, Andrew G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vreysen, Marc J B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergoin, Max</creatorcontrib><title>Tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: hope or hindrance for tsetse control?</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>MANY SPECIES OF TSETSE FLIES (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. The successful eradication of a Glossina austeni population from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using an area-wide integrated pest management approach with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component (1994-1997) encouraged several African countries, including Ethiopia, to incorporate the SIT in their national tsetse control programs. A large facility to produce tsetse flies for SIT application in Ethiopia was inaugurated in 2007. To support this project, a Glossina pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia was successfully established in 1996, but later up to 85% of adult flies displayed symptoms of SGH. As a result, the colony declined and became extinct by 2002. The difficulties experienced with the rearing of G. pallidipes, epitomized by the collapse of the G. pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia, prompted the urgent need to develop management strategies for the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) for this species. As a first step to identify suitable management strategies, the virus isolated from G. pallidipes (GpSGHV) was recently sequenced and research was initiated on virus transmission and pathology. Different approaches to prevent virus replication and its horizontal transmission during blood feeding have been proposed. These include the use of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and valacyclovir added to the blood for feeding or the use of antibodies against SGHV virion proteins. In addition, preliminary attempts to silence the expression of an essential viral protein using RNA interference will be discussed.</description><subject>Acyclovir</subject><subject>Agricultural practices</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Colonies & territories</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Viruses - genetics</subject><subject>DNA Viruses - isolation & purification</subject><subject>DNA Viruses - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Endangered & extinct species</subject><subject>Ethiopia</subject><subject>Fecundity</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertrophy</subject><subject>Hypertrophy - pathology</subject><subject>Hypertrophy - virology</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Insect Control - methods</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Integrated pest management</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>Pest Control, Biological - methods</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Rural development</subject><subject>Salivary Glands - pathology</subject><subject>Salivary Glands - virology</subject><subject>Technological change</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - physiology</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - virology</subject><subject>Veterinary Science</subject><subject>Viral 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Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abd-Alla, Adly M M</au><au>Parker, Andrew G</au><au>Vreysen, Marc J B</au><au>Bergoin, Max</au><au>Masiga, Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: hope or hindrance for tsetse control?</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e1220</spage><pages>e1220-</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>MANY SPECIES OF TSETSE FLIES (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. The successful eradication of a Glossina austeni population from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using an area-wide integrated pest management approach with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component (1994-1997) encouraged several African countries, including Ethiopia, to incorporate the SIT in their national tsetse control programs. A large facility to produce tsetse flies for SIT application in Ethiopia was inaugurated in 2007. To support this project, a Glossina pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia was successfully established in 1996, but later up to 85% of adult flies displayed symptoms of SGH. As a result, the colony declined and became extinct by 2002. The difficulties experienced with the rearing of G. pallidipes, epitomized by the collapse of the G. pallidipes colony originating from Ethiopia, prompted the urgent need to develop management strategies for the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) for this species. As a first step to identify suitable management strategies, the virus isolated from G. pallidipes (GpSGHV) was recently sequenced and research was initiated on virus transmission and pathology. Different approaches to prevent virus replication and its horizontal transmission during blood feeding have been proposed. These include the use of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and valacyclovir added to the blood for feeding or the use of antibodies against SGHV virion proteins. In addition, preliminary attempts to silence the expression of an essential viral protein using RNA interference will be discussed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21912708</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acyclovir Agricultural practices Agricultural production Agriculture Animals Antibodies Biology Blood Colonies & territories Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Viruses - genetics DNA Viruses - isolation & purification DNA Viruses - pathogenicity Endangered & extinct species Ethiopia Fecundity Females Fertility Genes Genomes Health aspects Humans Hypertrophy Hypertrophy - pathology Hypertrophy - virology Infections Insect Control - methods Insects Integrated pest management Parasites Pest control Pest Control, Biological - methods Review Risk factors Rural development Salivary Glands - pathology Salivary Glands - virology Technological change Tropical diseases Tsetse Flies - physiology Tsetse Flies - virology Veterinary Science Viral antibodies |
| title | Tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: hope or hindrance for tsetse control? |
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